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Covid-19 Reside Updates: Vaccines, Instances and Variants

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Credit…Lynne Sladky/Associated Press

President Biden plans to announce on Tuesday that he is speeding up the deadline for states to make all adults eligible for a coronavirus vaccine — to April 19 — according to an administration official familiar with his planned remarks.

The announcement will come as nearly every U.S. state has already heeded earlier calls by the president to accelerate their timelines for when all adult residents will be eligible to be vaccinated — the vast majority now meeting or beating the April 19 target. On Tuesday, Oregon said those who are 16 or older will be eligible for vaccination on April 19.

Mr. Biden’s newest target comes almost a month after he set an original deadline of May 1 for every state, and a week after he said that by April 19, 90 percent of adults would be eligible for a shot and within five miles of a site.

A White House official said last week that Mr. Biden revised the timeline because states, encouraged by increases in shipments, were ramping up their vaccination programs more rapidly than expected.

Mr. Biden on Tuesday plans to visit a vaccination site at Virginia Theological Seminary in Alexandria, Va., then deliver a speech at the White House on the state of vaccinations across the nation.

The U.S. vaccination campaign has steadily picked up pace: More than three million doses are being given on average each day, compared with well under one million when Mr. Biden took office in January, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Every state has now given at least one dose to a quarter or more of its population. About 62.4 million people — 19 percent of Americans — have been fully vaccinated.

Mr. Biden has said he hopes for 200 million doses to be administered by his 100th day in office, a goal that the nation is on pace to meet. The federal government has delivered about a total of 207.9 million doses to states, territories and federal agencies since last year.

The recent burst in supply has prompted governors to move up eligibility timelines on their own weeks ahead of Mr. Biden’s original May 1 marker.

“Today, we are pleased to announce another acceleration of the vaccine eligibility phases to earlier than anticipated,” Gov. Larry Hogan of Maryland said on Monday, announcing that all Maryland residents 16 or older would be eligible from Tuesday for a vaccine at the state’s mass vaccination sites, and from April 19 at any vaccine provider in the state.

Also on Monday, Gov. Philip D. Murphy of New Jersey said residents 16 or older in his state would be eligible on April 19. Mayor Muriel Bowser of Washington said later on Monday that city residents 16 or older would also be eligible on April 19.

Public health experts have said that the vaccines are in a race against worrisome coronavirus variants that were identified in Britain, South Africa and Brazil. New mutations have continued to pop up in the United States, from California to New York to Oregon.

The shots will eventually win, scientists say, but because each infection gives the coronavirus a chance to evolve further, vaccinations must proceed as fast as possible.

As that race continues, the optimism sown by the steady pace of vaccinations may be threatening to undermine the progress the nation has made. Scientists also fear Americans could let their guard down too soon as warmer weather draws them outside and case levels drop far below the devastating surge this winter.

Cases are now rising sharply in parts of the country, with some states offering a stark reminder that the pandemic is far from over: New cases in Michigan have increased 112 percent and hospitalizations have increased 108 percent over the past two weeks, according to a New York Times database.

The United States is averaging more than 64,000 new cases each day, an 18 percent increase from two weeks earlier. That’s well below the peak of more than 250,000 new cases daily in January, but on par with last summer’s surge after reopenings in some states, like Arizona, where patrons packed into clubs as hospital beds filled up. The United States is averaging more than 800 Covid-19 deaths each day, the lowest level since November.

United States › United StatesOn April 5 14-day change
New cases 76,594 +20%
New deaths 530 –24%
World › WorldOn April 5 14-day change
New cases 505,121 +20%
New deaths 7,565 +11%

U.S. vaccinations ›

Where states are reporting vaccines given

Several businesses in China are offering incentives for those getting inoculated, including this Lego stall outside a vaccination center in Beijing.Credit…Gilles Sabrié for The New York Times

In Beijing, the vaccinated qualify for buy-one-get-one-free ice cream cones. In the northern province of Gansu, a county government published a 20-stanza poem extolling the virtues of the jab. In the southern town of Wancheng, officials warned parents that if they refused to get vaccinated, their children’s schooling and future employment and housing were all at risk.

China is deploying a medley of tactics, some tantalizing and some threatening, to achieve mass vaccination on a staggering scale: a goal of 560 million people, or 40 percent of its population, by the end of June.

China has already proven how effectively it can mobilize against the coronavirus. And other countries have achieved widespread vaccination, albeit in much smaller populations.

But China faces a number of challenges. The country’s near-total control over the coronavirus has left many residents feeling little urgency to get vaccinated. Some are wary of China’s history of vaccine-related scandals, a fear that the lack of transparency around Chinese coronavirus vaccines has done little to assuage. Then there is the sheer size of the population to be inoculated.

To get it done, the government has turned to a familiar tool kit: a sprawling, quickly mobilized bureaucracy and its sometimes heavy-handed approach. This top-down, all-out response helped tame the virus early on, and now the authorities hope to replicate that success with vaccinations.

Already, uptake has skyrocketed. Over the past week, China has administered an average of about 4.8 million doses a day, up from about one million a day for much of last month. Experts have said they hope to reach 10 million a day to meet the June goal.

“They say it’s voluntary, but if you don’t get the vaccine, they’ll just keep calling you,” said Annie Chen, a university student in Beijing who received two such entreaties from a school counselor in about a week.

Millions of people have received the AstraZeneca vaccine without safety problems, but reports of rare blood clots have raised concerns.Credit…Alessandro Grassani for The New York Times

A top vaccines official at the European Medicines Agency said on Tuesday that AstraZeneca’s vaccine was linked to blood clots in a small number of recipients, the first indication from a leading regulatory body that the clots may be a real, if extremely rare, side effect of the shot.

The agency itself has not formally changed its guidance, issued last week, that the benefits of the AstraZeneca vaccine outweigh the risks. It said on Tuesday that its review was ongoing and that it would announce its findings this week. But any further ruling from regulators would be a setback for a shot that Europe and much of the world are relying on to save lives amid a global surge in coronavirus cases.

The medicines agency said last week that no causal link between the vaccine and rare blood clots had been proven. Only a few dozen cases of blood clots have been recorded among the many millions of people who have received the vaccine across Europe.

But the vaccines official, Marco Cavaleri, told an Italian newspaper that “it is clear there is an association with the vaccine.” He said that it would likely remain up to individual countries to decide how to respond, given the variation in supply of Covid-19 vaccines and in the state of the virus.

Those comments represented the first indication from a member of a leading regulatory body that the blood clots could be a genuine, if extremely rare, side effect of the AstraZeneca vaccine. Previously, health officials in several European countries temporarily restricted the use of the shot in certain age groups, despite the European Medicines Agency’s recommendation to keep administering it.

Regulators in Britain and at the World Health Organization have also said that, while they were investigating any rare side effects, the shot was safe to use and would save many lives.

Mr. Cavaleri told the Italian newspaper Il Messaggero that European regulators had not determined why the vaccine might be causing the rare blood clots, which generated concern because the cases were so unusual. They involved blood clots combined with unusually low levels of platelets, a disorder that can lead to heavy bleeding.

The most worrisome of the conditions, known as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, involves clots in the veins that drain blood from the brain, a condition that can lead to a rare type of stroke.

The clots are, by all accounts, extremely rare. European regulators were analyzing 44 cases of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, 14 of them fatal, among 9.2 million people who received the AstraZeneca vaccine across the continent. Emer Cooke, the European Medicines Agency’s director, said that the clotting cases in younger people translated to a risk for one in every 100,000 people under 60 given the vaccine. Younger people, and especially younger women, are at higher risk from the brain clots, scientists have said.

In Britain, regulators last week reported 30 cases of the rare blood clots combined with low platelets among 18 million people given the AstraZeneca vaccine, which was developed with the University of Oxford. No such cases were reported in people who had received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in Britain.

Regulators in Britain have said that people should get the vaccine “when invited to do so.” But British news reports indicated Monday night that regulators were considering updating that guidance for certain age groups.

Monika Pronczuk and Emma Bubola contributed reporting.

The North Koreans at the closing ceremony for the 2018 Winter Games in Pyeongchang, South Korea.Credit…Edgar Su/Reuters

North Korea said on Tuesday that it had decided not to participate in the Tokyo Olympic Games this summer because of the coronavirus pandemic.

The North’s national Olympic Committee decided at a March 25 meeting that its delegation would skip the Olympics “in order to protect our athletes from the global health crisis caused by the malicious virus infection,” according to Sports in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, a government-run website.

It is the first Summer Olympics that the North has missed since 1988, when they were held in Seoul, the South Korean capital.

North Korea, which has a decrepit public health system, has taken stringent measures against the virus since early last year, including shutting its borders. The country officially maintains that it has no virus cases, but outside health experts are skeptical.

North Korea’s decision deprives South Korea and other nations of a rare opportunity to establish official contact with the isolated country. Officials in the South had hoped that the Olympics — to be held from July 23 to Aug. 8 — might provide a venue for senior delegates from both Koreas to discuss issues beyond sports.

The 2018 Winter Olympics, held in the South Korean city of Pyeongchang, offered similar hope for easing tensions on the Korean Peninsula. Kim Yo-jong, the only sister of North Korea’s leader, Kim Jong-un, grabbed global attention when she attended the opening ceremony, becoming the first member of the Kim family to cross the border into South Korea.

Mr. Kim used the North’s participation in the Pyeongchang Olympics as a signal to start diplomacy after a series of nuclear and long-range missile tests. Inter-Korean dialogue soon followed, leading to three summit meetings between Mr. Kim and President Moon Jae-in of South Korea. Mr. Kim also met three times with President Donald J. Trump.

But since the collapse of Mr. Kim’s diplomacy with Mr. Trump in 2019, North Korea has shunned official contact with South Korea or the United States. The pandemic has deepened the North’s diplomatic isolation and economic difficulties amid concerns over its nuclear ambitions. North Korea launched two ballistic missiles on March 25 in its first such test in a year, in a challenge to President Biden.

Since North Korea’s first Olympic appearance in 1972, it has participated in every Summer Games except for the Los Angeles event in 1984, when it joined a Soviet-led boycott, and in 1988, when South Korea played host. North Korean athletes have won 16 gold medals, mostly in weight lifting, wrestling, gymnastics, boxing and judo, consistently citing the ruling Kim family as inspiration.

The Tokyo Games were originally scheduled for 2020 but were delayed by a year because of the pandemic. The organizing committee has been scrambling to develop safety protocols to protect both participants and local residents. But as a series of health, economic and political challenges have arisen, large majorities in Japan now say in polls that the Games should not be held this summer.

Even though organizers have barred international spectators, epidemiologists warn the Olympics could still become a superspreader event. Thousands of athletes and other participants will descend on Tokyo from more than 200 countries while much of the Japanese public remains unvaccinated.

The Australia-New Zealand travel bubble is expected to deliver a boost to tourism and to families that have been separated by strict border closures.Credit…Matthew Abbott for The New York Times

Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern of New Zealand announced on Tuesday that her nation would establish a travel bubble with Australia, allowing travelers to move between the countries without needing to quarantine for the first time since the pandemic began.

The bubble, which will open just before midnight on April 19, is expected to deliver a boost to tourism and to families that have been separated since both countries enacted strict border closures and lockdown measures that have all but eliminated local transmission of the coronavirus.

The announcement came after months of negotiations and setbacks, as Australia battled small outbreaks and officials in both countries weighed testing requirements and other safety protocols.

“The director general of health considers the risk of transmission of Covid-19 from Australia to New Zealand is low and that quarantine-free travel is safe to commence,” Ms. Ardern said at a news conference.

Since last year, Australia has permitted travelers from New Zealand to bypass its hotel quarantine requirements. New Zealand’s decision to reciprocate makes the two countries among the first places in the world to set up such a bubble, following a similar announcement last week by Taiwan and the Pacific island nation of Palau.

Australians flying to New Zealand will be required to have spent the previous 14 days in Australia, to wear a mask on the plane and, if possible, to use New Zealand’s Covid-19 contact tracing app. In the event of an outbreak in Australia, New Zealand could impose additional restrictions, including shutting down travel to a particular Australian state or imposing quarantine requirements, Ms. Ardern said.

She warned that the new requirements would not necessarily free up many spaces in New Zealand’s overwhelmed hotel quarantine system, which has a weekslong backlog for New Zealanders wishing to book a space to return home. Of the roughly 1,000 slots that would now become available every two weeks, around half would be set aside as a contingency measure, while most of the others would not be appropriate for travelers from higher-risk countries, Ms. Ardern said.

Before New Zealand closed its borders to international visitors in March 2020, its tourism industry employed nearly 230,000 people and contributed 41.9 billion New Zealand dollars ($30.2 billion) to economic output, according to the country’s tourism board. Most of the roughly 3.8 million foreign tourists who visited New Zealand over a 12-month period between 2018 and 2019 came from Australia.

Ms. Ardern encouraged Australians to visit New Zealand’s ski areas, and said she would be conducting interviews with Australian media outlets this week to promote New Zealand as a tourism destination.

The bubble would also make it easier for the more than 500,000 New Zealanders who live in Australia to visit their families.

“It is ultimately a change of scene that so many have been looking for,” Ms. Ardern said, addressing Australians. “You may not have been in long periods of lockdown, but you haven’t had the option. Now you have the option, come and see us.”

Fans filled the seats on Monday for the Texas Rangers opening day game in Arlington, Texas, against the Toronto Blue Jays.Credit…Tom Pennington/Getty Images

There was no need to pipe in crowd noise at Globe Life Field on Monday, as the Texas Rangers hosted the Toronto Blue Jays in front of the largest crowd at a sporting event in the United States in more than a year.

From the long lines of fans waiting to get into the stadium to the persistent buzz of the spectators during quiet moments, the game in Arlington, Texas, was a throwback to a time before the coronavirus crippled the country.

“It felt like a real game,” Rangers Manager Chris Woodward said. “It felt like back to the old days when we had full capacity.”

The official crowd of 38,238 fans, which was announced as a sellout, represented 94.8 percent of the stadium’s 40,300-seat capacity. It topped the Daytona 500 (which allowed slightly more than 30,000 fans) and the Super Bowl (24,835), both of which were held in February, as the largest crowd at a U.S. sporting event since the pandemic began last year.

The lifting of capacity restrictions in Texas made the enormous crowd possible. And for Major League Baseball, which claims its teams collectively lost billions during a largely fanless 2020 season, it was a hopeful sign that large crowds can return to all of the league’s games before too long. The open question is whether such events can be safe as the pandemic continues.

M.L.B. requires all fans over age 2 to wear masks at games this season, but a large percentage of the fans in Arlington went maskless. That will undoubtedly raise fears of the event resulting in a spike in coronavirus cases.

A garment worker in Cambodia signaled support for a campaign demanding relief for garment workers who have lost jobs and reform of the apparel industry, including a severance guarantee fund.Credit…Enric Catala/Wsm

Garment workers in factories producing clothes and shoes for companies like Nike, Walmart and Benetton have seen their jobs disappear in the past 12 months, as major brands in the United States and Europe canceled or refused to pay for orders after the pandemic took hold and suppliers resorted to mass layoffs or closures.

Most garment workers earn chronically low wages, and few have any savings. Which means the only thing standing between them and dire poverty are legally mandated severance benefits that are often owed upon termination, wherever the workers are in the world.

According to a new report from the Worker Rights Consortium, however, garment workers are being denied some or all of these wages.

The study identified 31 export garment factories in nine countries where, the authors concluded, a total of 37,637 workers who were laid off did not receive the full severance pay they legally earned, a collective $39.8 million.

According to Scott Nova, the group’s executive director, the report covers only about 10 percent of global garment factory closures with mass layoffs in the last year. The group is investigating an additional 210 factories in 18 countries, leading the authors to estimate that the final data set will detail 213 factories with severance pay violations affecting more than 160,000 workers owed $171.5 million.

“Severance wage theft has been a longstanding problem in the garment industry, but the scope has dramatically increased in the last year,” Mr. Nova said. He added that the figures were likely to rise as economic aftershocks related to the pandemic continued to unfold across the retail industry. He believes the lost earnings could total between $500 million and $850 million.

The report’s authors say the only realistic solution to the crisis would be the creation of a so-called severance guarantee fund. The initiative, devised in conjunction with 220 unions and other labor rights organizations, would be financed by mandatory payments from signatory brands that could then be leveraged in cases of large-scale nonpayment of severance by a factory or supplier.

Several household names implicated in the report made money during the pandemic. Amazon, for example, reported an increase in net profit of 84 percent in 2020, while Inditex, the parent company of Zara, made 11.4 billion euros, about $13.4 billion, in gross profit. Nike, Next and Walmart all also had healthy earnings.

Some industry experts believe the purchasing practices of the industry’s power players are a major contributor to the severance pay crisis. The overwhelming majority of fashion retailers do not own their own production facilities, instead contracting with factories in countries where labor is cheap. The brands dictate prices, often squeezing suppliers to offer more for less, and can shift sourcing locations at will. Factory owners in developing countries say they are forced to operate on minimal margins, with few able to afford better worker wages or investments in safety and severance.

“The onus falls on the supplier,” said Genevieve LeBaron, a professor at the University of Sheffield in England who focuses on international labor standards. “But there is a reason the spotlight keeps falling on larger actors further up the supply chain. Their behavior can impact the ability of factories to deliver on their responsibilities.”

Jon Laster performing on Friday at the Comedy Cellar in Manhattan.Credit…Jeenah Moon for The New York Times

More than a year after the pandemic brought down the curtain at theaters and concert halls around the world, the performing arts are beginning to return to the stage.

A smattering of theater and comedy shows lit up New York stages over the last few days, but next week will see one of the higher-profile arts returns. The New York Philharmonic is scheduled to give its first live performance in a concert hall since the pandemic began: “a musical musing on Goethe,” at the Shed at the Hudson Yards development on April 14.

The reopenings come at a confusing moment in the pandemic. Vaccinations are rising in the United States — Saturday was the first time the country reported more than four million doses in a single day, according to data compiled by The New York Times — but so are case counts.

While new cases, deaths and hospitalizations are far below their January peak, the average number of new reported cases has risen 19 percent over the past two weeks.

Still, performance spaces are carefully starting to welcome audiences, at a fraction of their capacity. There remains much debate over what regulations to impose on attendees. In Israel, concertgoers are required to have a Green Pass, which certifies that they have been vaccinated, though enforcement can be spotty.

In New York, as at the Daryl Roth Theater, an Off Broadway venue, temperatures were checked as a small audience streamed in for an immersive sound performance based on the José Saramago novel “Blindness” — a dystopian tale from 25 years ago whose resonances eerily align with the present. Mayor Bill de Blasio, masked and sneaker-clad, greeted some theatergoers on the sidewalk outside with wrist and elbow bumps.

But that optimism has been tinged with more halting news that underscores how fragile these reopenings are.

The Park Avenue Armory had to postpone one of the most high-profile experiments to bring indoor live performance back to New York. A sold-out run of “Afterwardsness,” a new piece that addresses the pandemic and violence against Black people, was canceled after several members of the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Company tested positive for the virus.

At the Comedy Cellar, a Greenwich Village club that has nursed the early careers of many comics, laughter filled the room for its first show, but reminders of reality were impossible to miss: Performers’ microphones were swapped out between each set, every fresh one covered with what looked like a miniature shower cap.

John Touhey, 27, said that his reason for coming was simple. “Just to feel something again,” he said.California officials have announced guidelines for indoor concerts, theater, sports and other events, which will be permitted beginning April 15. Capacity will be linked to a county’s health tier.

Los Angeles County, for example, on Monday moved into the orange tier, which would allow venues that hold up to 1,500 people to operate at 15 percent capacity, or 200 people. The number rises to 35 percent if all attendees are tested or show proof of vaccination.

In Minneapolis, pandemic-weary music fans may have to wait longer, but the results will be louder. First Avenue, a legendary club, last month booked its first new, non-postponed show since the pandemic began, The Star Tribune reported. The band is Dinosaur Jr., led by J. Mascis, one of the most durable indie rockers of the last 30 years. The show is scheduled for Sept. 14.

“Those people have not been catered for,” said Dr. Raja Amjid Riaz, a surgeon who is a leader at the Central Mosque of Brent in North London.Credit…Andrew Testa for The New York Times

Minority communities in Britain have long felt estranged from the government and medical establishment, but their sense of alienation is suddenly proving more costly than ever amid a coronavirus vaccination campaign that depends heavily on trust.

With Britons enjoying one of the fastest vaccination rollouts in the world, skepticism about the shots remains high in many of the communities where Covid-19 has taken the heaviest toll.

“The government’s response to the Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities has been rather limited,” said Dr. Raja Amjid Riaz, 52, a surgeon who is also a leader at the Central Mosque of Brent, an ethnically diverse area of North London. “Those people have not been catered for.”

As a result, communities like Brent offer fertile ground for the most outlandish of vaccine rumors, from unfounded claims that they affect fertility to the outright fabrication that shots are being used to inject microchips.

With the government seen as still disengaged in Black, Asian and other ethnic minority communities even as they have been hit disproportionately hard both by the virus itself and by the lockdowns imposed to stop its spread, many local leaders like Dr. Riaz have taken it upon themselves to act.

Some are well-known and trusted figures like religious leaders. Others are local health care workers. And still others are ordinary community members like Umit Jani, a 46-year-old Brent resident.

Mr. Jani’s face is one of many featured on 150 posters across the borough encouraging residents to get tested for the virus and vaccinated, part of a local government initiative.

The goal is to reframe the community’s relationship with the power structure, and perhaps establish some trust.

“In Brent, things have been done to communities and not in partnership,” said Mr. Jani, who said he had seen the toll the virus has taken on the area’s Gujarati and Somali communities.

A line for meals at the Bowery Mission in New York last month. Some people who would benefit most from the stimulus are having the hardest time getting it.Credit…Andrew Seng for The New York Times

For most Americans, the third stimulus payment, like the first two, arrived as if by magic, landing unprompted in the bank or in the mail.

But it’s not as straightforward for people without a bank account or a mailing address. Or a phone. Or identification.

Just about anyone with a Social Security number who is not someone else’s dependent and who earns less than $75,000 is entitled to the stimulus. But some of the people who would benefit most from the money are having the hardest time getting their hands on it.

“There’s this great intention to lift people out of poverty more and give them support, and all of that’s wonderful,” said Beth Hofmeister, a lawyer for the Legal Aid Society’s Homeless Rights Project. “But the way people have to access it doesn’t really fit with how most really low-income people are interacting with the government.”

Interviews with homeless people in New York City over the last couple of weeks found that some mistakenly assumed they were ineligible for the stimulus. Others said that bureaucratic hurdles, complicated by limited phone or internet access, were insurmountable.

Paradoxically, the very poor are the most likely to pump stimulus money right back into devastated local economies, rather than sock it away in the bank or use it to play the stock market.

“I’d find a permanent place to stay, some food, clothing, a nice shower, a nice bed,” said Richard Rodriguez, 43, waiting for lunch outside the Bowery Mission last month. “I haven’t had a nice bed for a year.”

Mr. Rodriguez said he had made several attempts to file taxes — a necessary step for those not yet in the system — but had given up.

“I went to H&R Block and I told them I was homeless,” he said. “They said they couldn’t help me.”

People dining indoors in Northville, Mich., on Sunday. Coronavirus cases are rising even as restrictions are eased, with a more transmissible variant of the virus making up many of the cases in Michigan and elsewhere.Credit…Emily Elconin/Reuters

U.S. coronavirus cases have increased again after hitting a low late last month, and some of the states driving the upward trend have also been hit hardest by variants, according to an analysis of data from Helix, a lab testing company.

The country’s vaccine rollout has sped up since the first doses were administered in December, recently reaching a rolling average of more than three million doses per day. And new U.S. cases trended steeply downward in the first quarter of the year, falling almost 80 percent from mid-January through the end of March.

But during that period, states also rolled back virus control measures, and now mobility data shows a rise in people socializing and traveling. Amid all this, more contagious variants have been gaining a foothold, and new cases are almost 20 percent higher than they were at the lowest point in March.

“It is a pretty complex situation, because behavior is changing, but you’ve also got this change in the virus itself at the same time,” said Emily Martin, an epidemiologist at the University of Michigan School of Public Health.

Michigan has seen the sharpest rise in cases in the last few weeks. B.1.1.7 — the more transmissible and more deadly variant of the coronavirus that was first discovered in Britain — may now make up around 70 percent of all of the state’s new cases, according to the Helix data.

Higher vaccination rates among the country’s older adults — those prioritized first in the vaccination rollout — mean that some of those at highest risk of complications are protected as cases rise again.

But almost 70 percent of the U.S. population has still not received a first dose, and only about half of those ages 65 and older are fully vaccinated. And in many states, those with high-risk conditions or in their 50s and 60s had not yet or had only just become eligible for the vaccine when cases began to rise again, leaving them vulnerable.

Global Roundup

A gym in Saarbruecken, Germany, reopened on Tuesday to anyone with a negative coronavirus test in the previous 24 hours.Credit…Oliver Dietze/DPA, via Associated Press

The tiny German state of Saarland, home to around 990,000 people, is making a cautious return to a new kind of normal in a pilot project that state officials hope could show how to keep the local economy open while controlling infections. From Tuesday, residents who test negative for the coronavirus will be able to use outdoor dining areas, gyms and movie theaters and even attend live theater performances.

Even as cases have continued to rise in Germany, prompting calls for a harsher national lockdown to halt a third wave of the pandemic — which has already shut down many of its European neighbors.

“More vaccinating, more testing, more mindfulness, more options: That’s the formula we want to use as Saarland break new ground in the fight against the coronavirus pandemic,” Tobias Hans, the governor of the state in southwestern Germany, said last week as he announced the reopening plans.

Under the guidelines, as many as 10 people can meet outdoors, and anyone with a negative test result within the previous 24 hours can visit stores, gyms, theaters and beer gardens — places that have largely been closed across Germany since the country announced a “lockdown light” in November.

(Many stores have been open since March, when a court overturned the rules.)

The Saarland project begins the same day that new regulations require travelers from the Netherlands to present a negative coronavirus test to cross the border into Germany. Travelers from the Czech Republic, France and Poland face similar measures.

In other news from around the world:

  • The new leader of Tanzania said she would set up a committee to look into the coronavirus pandemic in the country — a sharp departure from her predecessor’s stance. “We cannot isolate ourselves as an island,” President Samia Suluhu Hassan said in a speech on Tuesday in the port city of Dar es Salaam. Tanzania has not shared data on the coronavirus with the World Health Organization since April, and it has reported just 509 cases and 21 deaths, figures that have been widely viewed with skepticism. President John Magufuli, who died last month, had scoffed at masks and social distancing measures, argued that “vaccines don’t work,” and said that God had helped the country eliminate the virus.

  • The World Health Organization does not support requiring vaccination passports for travel, a spokeswoman said on Tuesday during at a news briefing in Geneva, Switzerland.

    “At this stage we would not like to see the vaccination passport as a requirement for entry or exit because we are not certain at this stage that the vaccine prevents transmission,” the spokeswoman, Margaret Harris, said, according to Reuters. She also cited concerns over the “question of discrimination against the people who are not able to have the vaccine for one reason or another.”

Categories
Health

Virus Variants Threaten to Draw Out the Pandemic, Scientists Say

Seit Wochen ist die Stimmung in weiten Teilen der USA lebhaft. Fälle, Krankenhausaufenthalte und Todesfälle durch das Coronavirus sind stark von ihren Höchstständen gefallen, und täglich werden Millionen von Menschen neu geimpft. Restaurants, Geschäfte und Schulen haben wieder geöffnet. Einige Staaten, wie Texas und Florida, haben die Vorsichtsmaßnahmen ganz aufgegeben.

Auf messbare Weise gewinnen Amerikaner den Krieg gegen das Coronavirus. Leistungsstarke Impfstoffe und ein beschleunigter Rollout garantieren beinahe eine Rückkehr zur Normalität – zu Gartengrills, Sommercamps und Übernachtungen.

Es wird jedoch zunehmend klarer, dass die nächsten Monate schmerzhaft sein werden. Sogenannte Varianten breiten sich aus und tragen Mutationen, die das Coronavirus sowohl ansteckender als auch in einigen Fällen tödlicher machen.

Selbst als Ende letzten Jahres Impfstoffe zugelassen wurden, die einen Weg zum Ende der Pandemie aufzeigten, waren Varianten Großbritanniens, Südafrikas und Brasiliens betroffen. Es sind immer wieder neue Varianten aufgetaucht – in Kalifornien in einer Woche, in New York und Oregon in der nächsten. Diese neuen Versionen des Coronavirus drohen, ein Ende der Pandemie zu verschieben, wenn sie Wurzeln schlagen.

Im Moment scheinen die meisten Impfstoffe gegen die Varianten wirksam zu sein. Die Beamten des öffentlichen Gesundheitswesens sind jedoch zutiefst besorgt darüber, dass künftige Iterationen des Virus möglicherweise resistenter gegen die Immunantwort sind und die Amerikaner sich für regelmäßige Auffrischungsrunden oder sogar neue Impfstoffe anstellen müssen.

“Wir haben keine Evolution auf unserer Seite”, sagte Devi Sridhar, Professor für öffentliche Gesundheit an der Universität von Edinburgh in Schottland. “Dieser Erreger scheint sich immer so zu verändern, dass es uns schwerer fällt, ihn zu unterdrücken.”

Gesundheitsbeamte erkennen die dringende Notwendigkeit an, diese neuen Viren zu verfolgen, wenn sie durch die Vereinigten Staaten kriechen. Bereits jetzt steigt B.1.1.7, die hoch ansteckende Variante, die Großbritannien ummauerte und in Kontinentaleuropa Chaos anrichtet, in den Vereinigten Staaten exponentiell an.

Begrenzte Gentests haben mehr als 12.500 Fälle ergeben, viele davon in Florida und Michigan. Ab dem 13. März machte die Variante landesweit etwa 27 Prozent der Neuerkrankungen aus, gegenüber nur 1 Prozent Anfang Februar.

Die Regierung von Biden hat eine „Anzahlung“ in Höhe von 200 Millionen US-Dollar zugesagt, um die Überwachung zu beschleunigen. Diese Infusion soll es ermöglichen, wöchentlich 25.000 Patientenproben auf Virusvarianten zu analysieren. Es ist ein ehrgeiziges Ziel: Das Land sequenzierte im Dezember nur wenige hundert Proben pro Woche und skalierte ab dem 27. März auf etwa 9.000 pro Woche.

Bis vor kurzem wurde der Anstieg von B.1.1.7 durch sinkende Infektionsraten insgesamt getarnt, was die Amerikaner in ein falsches Sicherheitsgefühl wiegte und zu vorzeitig gelockerten Beschränkungen führte, sagen Forscher.

“Der beste Weg, über B.1.1.7 und andere Varianten nachzudenken, besteht darin, sie als separate Epidemien zu behandeln”, sagte Sebastian Funk, Professor für Dynamik von Infektionskrankheiten an der London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “Wir verdunkeln die Sicht wirklich, indem wir sie alle addieren, um eine Gesamtzahl von Fällen zu erhalten.”

Andere in Südafrika und Brasilien identifizierte Varianten sowie einige erstmals in den USA beobachtete Virusversionen verbreiteten sich langsamer. Aber auch sie sind besorgniserregend, weil sie eine Mutation enthalten, die die Wirksamkeit der Impfstoffe verringert. Erst diese Woche erzwang ein Ausbruch von P.1, der Variante, die Brasilien zerschmetterte, die Schließung des Skigebiets Whistler Blackcomb in British Columbia.

Die Welt befindet sich in einem Sprint zwischen Impfstoffen und Varianten, und die Schüsse werden schließlich gewinnen, sagen Wissenschaftler. Da sich das Coronavirus bei jeder Infektion weiterentwickeln kann, müssen Impfungen in den USA und anderswo so schnell wie möglich durchgeführt werden.

Die Infektionen nehmen wieder zu, was durch B.1.1.7 und andere Varianten in ungewissem Maße bedingt ist. Anfang dieser Woche bat Dr. Rochelle Walensky, Direktorin der Zentren für die Kontrolle und Prävention von Krankheiten, die Amerikaner, weiterhin Maskierung und soziale Distanzierung zu üben, und sagte, sie habe das Gefühl eines „bevorstehenden Untergangs“.

“Wir dürfen uns so sehr freuen – so viel Versprechen und Potenzial, wo wir sind, und so viel Grund zur Hoffnung”, sagte sie. “Aber im Moment habe ich Angst.”

Das Coronavirus sollte sich nur langsam verändern. Wie alle Viren würde es Mutationen aufnehmen und sich zu Tausenden von Varianten entwickeln, sagten Wissenschaftler zu Beginn der Pandemie. Aber es würde sich jahrelang nicht wesentlich ändern – ein dummes Virus, wie manche es nannten.

Der Erreger widersetzte sich diesen Vorhersagen. “Wir haben erwartet, dass sich das Virus ändert”, sagte Dr. Michael Diamond, ein viraler Immunologe an der Washington University in St. Louis. “Wir haben nicht genau erwartet, wie schnell es passieren wird.”

Eine Variante ist nur dann von Belang, wenn sie ansteckender ist, schwerere Krankheiten verursacht oder die Immunantwort abschwächt. Die in Großbritannien, Südafrika, Brasilien und Kalifornien identifizierten Varianten erfüllen alle die Kriterien.

B.1.1.7, das als erstes allgemein bekannt wurde, ist nach jüngsten Schätzungen etwa 60 Prozent ansteckender und 67 Prozent tödlicher als die ursprüngliche Form des Virus.

Aktualisiert

3. April 2021, 15:04 Uhr ET

Die Variante unterscheidet sich nicht von der ursprünglichen, wie sie sich verbreitet, aber infizierte Menschen scheinen mehr und länger vom Virus zu tragen, sagte Katrina Lythgoe, eine Evolutionsbiologin an der Universität von Oxford. “Sie sind für mehr Tage ansteckender”, sagte sie.

B.1.1.7 ist so ansteckend, dass es Großbritannien erst nach fast drei Monaten strenger Anweisungen für den Aufenthalt zu Hause und einem aggressiven Impfprogramm gelungen ist, Infektionen zu bekämpfen. Trotzdem fielen die Fälle viel langsamer als bei einer ähnlichen Sperrung im März und April.

In Kontinentaleuropa bildete sich monatelang eine Welle von B.1.1.7-Fällen, die unter einer stetigen Abwanderung von Infektionen meist unbemerkt blieb. Die Variantenwelle erklimmt jetzt.

Polens Rate an täglichen Neuerkrankungen hat sich seit Mitte Februar verfünffacht, was die Schließung der meisten öffentlichen Veranstaltungsorte erzwingt. Deutschlands hat sich verdoppelt und ein Verbot von nächtlichen Versammlungen in Berlin ausgelöst.

In Frankreich, wo B.1.1.7 drei Viertel der Neuinfektionen verursacht, mussten einige Krankenhäuser Coronavirus-Patienten nach Belgien bringen, um Betten freizugeben. In Europa sterben jeden Tag ungefähr so ​​viele Menschen an Covid-19 wie vor einem Jahr.

Zu lange ignorierten Regierungsbeamte die Bedrohung. “Fallplateaus können die Entstehung neuer Varianten verbergen”, sagte Carl Pearson, ein wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter an der London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “Und je höher diese Hochebenen sind, desto schlimmer ist das Problem.”

In den Vereinigten Staaten begannen die Coronavirus-Infektionen im Januar rapide abzunehmen, was viele Staatsoberhäupter bald dazu veranlasste, Geschäfte wieder zu eröffnen und Beschränkungen zu lockern. Wissenschaftler warnten jedoch wiederholt davor, dass der Tropfen nicht von Dauer sein würde. Nachdem die Rate Mitte März bei etwa 55.000 Fällen und 1.500 Todesfällen pro Tag ihren Tiefpunkt erreicht hatte, verzeichneten einige Bundesstaaten – insbesondere Michigan – einen Anstieg.

Seitdem sind die nationalen Zahlen stetig gestiegen. Ab Samstag lag die tägliche Zahl bei fast 69.000, und der wöchentliche Durchschnitt lag um 19 Prozent über dem Wert von zwei Wochen zuvor.

Selbst wenn die Fälle zurückgingen, stellten die Forscher die Vorstellung in Frage, dass Impfungen der Grund seien. Millionen von Amerikanern werden jeden Tag geimpft, aber selbst jetzt haben nur 31 Prozent eine Einzeldosis eines Impfstoffs erhalten, und nur 17 Prozent der Bevölkerung haben vollen Schutz, so dass eine große Mehrheit anfällig ist.

“Tatsache ist, dass wir immer noch in einer Position sind, in der wir nicht genug geimpfte Menschen haben”, sagte Kristian Andersen, Virologe bei Scripps Research in San Diego. „Und wenn wir wie Texas sagen, dass wir mit Covid-19 fertig sind, wird B.1.1.7 hereinkommen und uns daran erinnern, dass wir nicht richtig liegen. Ich habe keinen Zweifel.”

Die Variante ist besonders in Florida verbreitet, wo der Staat die Beschränkungen aufhob und zunächst keinen Anstieg verzeichnete. Beamte in anderen Staaten führten dies als Begründung für die Wiedereröffnung an. Aber jetzt steigt Floridas Infektionsrate nach oben.

Die Variante wurde möglicherweise nur durch das verdeckt, was Wissenschaftler gerne als Saisonalität bezeichnen. Infektionen der Atemwege sind in Florida im Frühjahr normalerweise selten, bemerkte Sarah Cobey, Evolutionsbiologin an der Universität von Chicago. Coronavirus-Infektionen erreichten im Sommer letzten Jahres in Florida ihren Höhepunkt, als die Hitze die Menschen in Innenräumen trieb und dies möglicherweise erneut tun wird.

“Ich glaube immer noch nicht, dass wir nicht im Wald sind”, sagte Dr. Cobey und bezog sich auf das ganze Land. “Wenn wir diesen Frühling keine weitere Welle haben, werde ich mir wirklich große Sorgen um den Herbst machen.”

Während die meisten Impfstoffe gegen B.1.1.7 wirksam sind, sind Forscher zunehmend besorgt über andere Varianten, die eine Mutation namens E484K enthalten. (Wissenschaftler bezeichnen es oft angemessen als “Eek”.)

Diese Mutation hat sich in vielen Varianten weltweit unabhängig entwickelt, was darauf hindeutet, dass sie dem Virus einen starken Überlebensvorteil bietet.

In Laborstudien scheinen die Impfstoffe Pfizer-BioNTech und Moderna gegen B.1.351, die in Südafrika identifizierte Variante, etwas weniger wirksam zu sein. Diese Variante enthält die Eek-Mutation, die es dem Virus zu ermöglichen scheint, die Immunantwort des Körpers teilweise zu umgehen. Die von Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca und Novavax hergestellten Impfstoffe waren gegen B.1.351 noch weniger wirksam.

“Ich denke, für die nächsten ein oder zwei Jahre wird E484K die am meisten besorgniserregende Mutation sein”, sagte Jesse Bloom, Evolutionsbiologe am Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle.

Die Mutation verändert das sogenannte Spike-Protein, das auf der Oberfläche des Coronavirus sitzt, geringfügig, was es für Antikörper nur ein wenig schwieriger macht, sich an den Eindringling zu binden und ihn zu zerstören.

Die gute Nachricht ist, dass das Virus nur ein paar Überlebenstricks in der Tasche zu haben scheint, und das erleichtert es Wissenschaftlern, diese Abwehrkräfte zu finden und zu blockieren. “Ich fühle mich ziemlich gut bei der Tatsache, dass es nicht so viele Möglichkeiten gibt”, sagte Michel Nussenzweig, Immunologe an der Rockefeller University in New York.

Die Eek-Mutation scheint die primäre Abwehr des Virus gegen das Immunsystem zu sein. Forscher in Südafrika berichteten kürzlich, dass ein neuer Impfstoff gegen B.1.351 auch alle anderen Varianten abwehren sollte.

Pfizer, BioNTech und Moderna testen bereits neu entwickelte Booster-Shots gegen B.1.351, die gegen alle Varianten wirken sollen, von denen bekannt ist, dass sie die Immunantwort abschwächen.

Anstelle eines neuen Impfstoffs gegen Varianten könnte es für Amerikaner jedoch genauso effektiv sein, innerhalb von sechs Monaten bis zu einem Jahr eine dritte Dosis der Pfizer-BioNtech- oder Moderna-Impfstoffe zu erhalten, sagte Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, Leiter des National Institut für Allergien und Infektionskrankheiten.

Dies würde die Antikörperniveaus bei jedem Empfänger hoch halten und jede Variante überwältigen – eine praktischere Strategie als die Herstellung eines speziellen Impfstoffs für jede neue Variante, sagte er.

“Meine einzige Sorge bei der Jagd nach allen Varianten ist, dass Sie fast Whac-A-Mole spielen würden, wissen Sie, weil sie immer wieder auftauchen”, sagte Dr. Fauci.

In der einen oder anderen Form wird das neue Coronavirus bleiben, glauben viele Wissenschaftler. Im Land können mehrere Varianten gleichzeitig im Umlauf sein, wie dies bei Erkältungs-Coronaviren und Influenza der Fall ist. Um sie in Schach zu halten, ist möglicherweise ein jährlicher Schuss erforderlich, wie z. B. der Grippeimpfstoff.

Der beste Weg, um die Entstehung gefährlicher Varianten zu verhindern, besteht darin, die Fälle jetzt gering zu halten und die große Mehrheit der Welt – nicht nur die Vereinigten Staaten – so schnell wie möglich zu immunisieren. Wenn bedeutende Taschen der Welt ungeschützt bleiben, wird sich das Virus auf gefährliche neue Weise weiterentwickeln.

“Dies könnte etwas sein, mit dem wir uns noch lange befassen müssen”, sagte Rosalind Eggo, Epidemiologin an der London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Dennoch fügte sie hinzu: “Auch wenn es sich wieder ändert, was sehr wahrscheinlich ist, sind wir in einer besseren, viel stärkeren Position als vor einem Jahr, um damit umzugehen.”

Categories
Health

Research exhibits promising immune response towards variants

Scientists at the Mirimus Laboratory prepare to test COVID-19 samples from recovered patients on April 8, 2020 in Brooklyn, New York.

Mischa Friedman | Getty Images

One type of T cell responsible for destroying cells infected with viruses was able to detect three variants of Covid-19 in a small US study, a promising sign that vaccines should continue to protect against new, emerging strains researchers at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases said Tuesday.

Researchers led by NIAID researcher Andrew Redd investigated whether T cells were found in blood samples from patients recovering from the original strain of virus that recognized B.1.1.7, the variant B.1.351 originally detected in the UK was originally found in South Africa and P.1, first seen in Brazil. The NIAID is part of the National Institutes of Health, which published the study.

Each of the three variants the scientists examined contained mutations in what is known as the spike protein, which the virus uses to enter human cells. Mutations in this spike protein region could make it less noticeable to T cells and neutralizing antibodies, another important part of the immune response, after infection or vaccination, the researchers said.

In the study, which used blood samples from 30 recovered Covid-19 patients, T-cell responses “remained largely intact and were able to detect virtually all mutations in the variants studied,” they said, adding that even larger studies are required.

“The researchers note that their results suggest that the T-cell response in convalescents, and most likely in vaccines, is largely unaffected by the mutations found in these three variants and should provide protection against emerging variants,” the US wrote Authority a press release.

The results of the study could give hope to public health officials as they attempt to vaccinate the US and other parts of the world. New variants have been a problem for health officials as studies have shown that variants can reduce the effectiveness of current vaccines. The Chief Medical Officer of the White House, Dr. Anthony Fauci, urged Americans to get vaccinated as soon as possible before potentially more dangerous variants emerge.

On Monday, the head of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dr. Rochelle Walensky, the reporter. She said she was concerned the nation was facing “impending doom” as variants spread and daily Covid-19 cases rise again, threatening to send more people to the hospital.

Scientists say strong responses from both antibodies and T cells are likely required for an effective immune response against the virus. Further studies to examine immune responses are still needed, the researchers stressed, including whether a booster shot would be effective against emerging variants.

“New variants continue to be identified around the world and it will be important to continuously monitor them for possible accumulation of T cell escape mutations,” the researchers wrote.

The researchers also noted that the study had limitations, including the relatively small size of the population studied and that all participants were from North America.

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Business

Rise in Covid instances cannot be blamed on variants alone as journey resumes

Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute for Allergies and Infectious Diseases, testifies on the federal response to the coronavirus on Capitol Hill during a Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions hearing on March 18, 2021 in Washington, DC.

Susan Walsh | Pool | Getty Images

The recent spike in new Covid-19 infections cannot be attributed to highly transmissible variants alone, as more Americans travel to spring break and states lift repeal restrictions, including mask mandates, to slow the spread of the virus, according to the white’s chief medical officer House, Dr. Anthony Fauci said on Sunday.

After nearly three months of decline, U.S. coronavirus cases are starting to recover. According to a CNBC analysis of data compiled by Johns Hopkins University, the country reports a weekly average of 61,821 new Covid-19 cases per day, up 12% from the previous week.

It’s a result that public health experts, including Fauci, have been warning of since late February after daily infections plateaued due to the surge in virus variants that are too common in the US, as in Europe.

A variant first identified in the UK in relation to public health professionals, known as B.1.1.7, has been discovered in all states except Oklahoma, according to the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Other highly transmissible variants, first found in South Africa and Brazil, referred to as B.1.351 and P.1, respectively, have now been identified in the United States. The CDC is carefully tracking another variant found in New York City called B.1.526, which is also believed to be more transmissible compared to previous strains, said agency director Dr. Rochelle Walensky, on Wednesday.

A more transmissible virus could lead to more infections and inevitably hospitalizations and deaths, even if the most at risk are vaccinated against the disease, experts warn, making the race to vaccinate more people crucial. However, Fauci said the disruptive mutations aren’t the only reason the cases are on the rise.

“What we’re likely to see is due to things like the spring break and the withdrawal of the mitigation methods you’ve seen. Now several states have done that,” Fauci told CBS ‘Face the Nation on Sunday.

“We take variations seriously and are concerned, but it’s not just variations that do that,” he said.

Despite repeated warnings from the Biden administration, some states have pushed ahead with reopening their economies, citing accelerated vaccine adoption and declining cases and hospital stays as reasons.

State officials have lifted capacity restrictions on businesses like gyms and restaurants, while a handful of them have canceled or plan to remove statewide mask requirements. Millions of Americans cooped up last year are going back to heaven and using cheap flights and hotels while they last.

“Even with the people on the planes wearing masks when you get to the airport, the check-in lines, the food lines for restaurants, the boarding that you see, people can gather sometimes, these are things that elevate.” always the risk of infection, “said Fauci on Sunday.

Other high-level health officials in Biden have warned that now is not the time to relax restrictions. Walensky said during a press conference at the White House Friday that she was “deeply concerned” with the progress of the nation’s epidemic.

“We have seen cases and hospital admissions that have gone from historical declines to stagnation and growth. We know from previous waves that if we don’t control things now, the epidemic curve can rise again,” Walensky said.

– CNBC’s Leslie Josephs contributed to this report.

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Business

WHO says most areas of the globe are seeing a rise in circumstances as variants unfold

Paramedics lower a patient from an ambulance outside the Emergency Room at Royal London Hospital in London, England on January 26, 2021.

David Cliff | NurPhoto | Getty Images

There is an increase in new Covid-19 cases in most regions of the world as highly contagious variants continue to spread, the World Health Organization said on Monday.

Dr. Maria Van Kerkhove, technical director of the agency for Covid-19, told reporters during a press conference that the number of new cases worldwide has increased by 8% in the past week.

Cases in Europe where the highly contagious variant B.1.1.7 spreads rapidly increased by 12%, Kerkhove said. WHO also saw cases increase in the Southeast Asia region by 49% and in the east by 8% Mediterranean basin and a 29% increase in the western Pacific, driven by increases in infections in the Philippines and Papua New Guinea, she said.

America and Africa saw “a slight decline,” Kerkhove said, but added that overall case numbers were “worrying”.

“In many of these countries there is pressure to open up and there is difficulty for people, individuals and communities to adhere to best practice controls,” she said, adding that the number of deaths has “increased slightly” around the world. “We also see that the distribution of vaccinations is uneven and uneven.”

WHO comments come as public health officials around the world are increasingly concerned that reopening too quickly in the face of new, highly contagious variants could reverse the progress of the global pandemic. Some countries, including the United States, have seen an increase in new Covid-19 cases despite vaccinating millions of their citizens every day.

Around 82.7 million Americans have received at least one dose of a Covid-19 vaccine, and more than 44.9 million are fully vaccinated, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

According to a CNBC analysis of data compiled by Johns Hopkins University, the 7-day average of new cases in 27 states rose 5% or more on Sunday. The nation recorded an average of 54,308 new cases per day for the past week – a 1% increase from the previous week after months of rapidly declining case numbers, according to the Hopkins data.

Earlier Monday, New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy had said the state would likely suspend its reopening plans as Covid-19 cases there pick up again.

Also on Monday, CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky urges all Americans to remain “vigilant” as officials fight to vaccinate the majority of Americans.

“We are at a critical point in this pandemic,” Walensky said during a press conference at the White House. “I worry that if we don’t take the right action now, we will see another avoidable surge, as we are seeing in Europe right now.”

Kerkhove urged the public to continue to take safety measures, including social distancing, wearing masks, washing hands and avoiding crowded rooms. She also called on world leaders to make vaccination of the most vulnerable people a priority.

“There’s a lot more we can do at the individual level, at the community level as government leaders,” she said.

Categories
World News

Covid-19 Dwell Information Updates: Vaccine Eligibility, Variants and Tourism

Here’s what you need to know:

Credit…Andrea Mantovani for The New York Times

The European Union proposed a Covid-19 certificate on Wednesday that would allow people to travel more freely, a move aimed at saving the summer tourist season for member states that depend on it economically.

The proposed document, known as a Digital Green Certificate, would allow residents of member nations to travel at will within the bloc if they have proof of Covid-19 vaccination, a negative test result or a documented recovery from the coronavirus.

The certificates would be free and would be available in digital or paper format.

“The Digital Green Certificate will not be a precondition to free movement, and it will not discriminate in any way,” said Didier Reynders, the bloc’s top official for justice, adding that the aim was to “gradually restore free movement within the E.U. and avoid fragmentation.”

Freedom of movement is a cornerstone of the bloc, but travel restrictions are traditionally under the purview of national governments. The commission’s plan is a bid to coordinate what has become a patchwork of national measures that are hindering travel within the bloc.

Under the proposed rules, national governments could decide which travel restrictions, such as obligatory quarantine, would be lifted for certificate holders.

The proposals, which require approval by the European Parliament and the majority of member states, come as many European countries are experiencing a third wave of infections and an inoculation effort that has been slowed by doubts over AstraZeneca’s coronavirus vaccine. Several countries have suspended use of the vaccine at least temporarily, confusing citizens and possibly increasing resistance to vaccinations.

The hope is to make the certificates operational by mid-June in order to salvage the summer season.

Just under 10 percent of European Union residents have been vaccinated, leaving the bloc far behind Britain and the United States.

As the European Union was offering its proposal to allow greater freedom of movement, Kwasi Kwarteng, the British business secretary, said the government was continuing to look at ways that would allow people to travel.

“We are having conversations all the time about what the next steps should be,” he told the BBC, adding that the government was stressing on the importance of allowing people to travel safely.

An earlier version of this item misstated where the Digital Green Certificate would be valid. The document would be used for travel in all European Union member countries, not in all countries of the border-free Schengen area, which excludes some E.U. members and includes some nonmembers.

United States › United StatesOn March 16 14-day change
New cases 54,440 –16%
New deaths 1,245 –35%
World › WorldOn March 16 14-day change
New cases 456,093 +15%
New deaths 9,988 –5%

U.S. vaccinations ›

Where states are reporting vaccines given

Waiting at a drive-through vaccination site at Delta State University in Cleveland, Miss., on Tuesday.Credit…Rory Doyle for The New York Times

Not long ago, Covid-19 vaccines were available only to the most vulnerable Americans and some essential workers. That is quickly changing as vaccine production and distribution ramp up and more states begin to heed a call from President Biden to expand access to all adults by May.

States are also racing to stay ahead of the growing number of virus variants, some of which are more contagious and possibly even more deadly. At least three states — Maine, Virginia and Wisconsin — and Washington, D.C., have said that they will expand eligibility to their general population by May 1, the deadline that Mr. Biden set last week. Other states — including Colorado, Connecticut, Ohio, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana and Utah — hope to do so this month or next.

In Mississippi and Alaska, everyone age 16 or older is eligible, and Arizona and Michigan have made the vaccines available to all adults in some counties.

Mr. Biden said last week that he was directing the federal government to secure an additional 100 million doses of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. With three vaccines now in use, Mr. Biden has said that the United States will have secured enough doses by the end of May for shots to be available for all adults.

Eligible only in some counties

Eligible only in some counties

Eligible only in some counties

Several states have already been expanding eligibility for vaccinations. In Ohio, vaccines will open to anyone 40 and up as of Friday, and to more residents with certain medical conditions. Indiana extended access to people 45 and older, effective immediately.

In Massachusetts, residents 60 years and older, as well as people who work in small spaces and those whose work requires regular public interaction, will be eligible for a vaccine on March 22, the state announced Wednesday. Residents 55 and older with certain medical conditions will be eligible on April 5, and everyone else 16 years and older will be eligible on April 19.

Coloradans age 50 and up will be eligible for a shot on Friday, along with anyone 16 years and older with certain medical conditions. Wisconsin said on Tuesday that residents 16 years and up with certain medical conditions would be eligible a week earlier than initially planned.

On Monday, Texans age 50 and older and Georgians over 55 became eligible for vaccines.

In New York State, residents 60 and older are eligible to receive a vaccine, and more frontline workers became eligible on Wednesday, including government employees, building services workers and employees of nonprofit groups.

Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo has yet to announce how or when the state will expand eligibility to all adults. On Wednesday, Mr. Cuomo, 63, received the Johnson & Johnson vaccine at a church in Harlem, which he framed as an effort to boost vaccination rates among the state’s Black communities.

Since vaccinations began in December, the federal government has delivered nearly 143 million vaccine doses to states and territories, and more than 77 percent have been administered, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The country is averaging about 2.4 million shots a day, compared with well under one million a day in January.

As of Tuesday, 65 percent of the country’s older population had received at least one vaccine dose, according to C.D.C. data, with 37 percent fully vaccinated.

A woman receives a dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine at a drive-through vaccination center on the outskirts of Milan.Credit…Alessandro Grassani for The New York Times

The World Health Organization and the head of the European Commission urged European countries to use the AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine and expressed confidence that it was safe, as investigations continue into unusual cases of side effects that led several countries to pause administering the shots.

The head of the W.H.O.’s vaccines department, Dr. Kate O’Brien, said cases of blood clots reported among millions of Europeans who have received the AstraZeneca vaccine were rare. And, she said, it was not unusual that some of those vaccinated should suffer blood clots resulting from other health conditions. No causative link has yet emerged between the vaccine and blood clots or severe bleeding.

“At this point the benefit-risk assessment is to continue with vaccination,” Dr. O’Brien said, repeating the responses both organizations have offered as some member countries have paused administering doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine following some reports of fatal brain hemorrhaging, blood clots and unusual bleeding in a handful of people who received it.

The European Union’s top drug regulator, the European Medicines Agency, is expected to give its assessment of the AstraZeneca vaccine on Thursday. It has so far also pushed back against concerns about the shot, saying there was no sign that it caused dangerous problems. On Wednesday, Ursula von der Leyen, the head of the European Commission, said, “I trust AstraZeneca, I trust the vaccines.” She added that she was “convinced that the statement will clarify the situation.”

Germany, France, Italy and Spain are the prominent European countries to recently halt their rollouts of the AstraZeneca shots this week. More than a dozen countries have either partly or fully suspended the vaccine’s use while the cases are investigated. Most of the countries said they were doing so as a precaution until leading health agencies could review the cases.

Even if experts ultimately conclude there may be an association between the blood clots and the vaccine “these are very rare events,” Dr. O’Brien said.

Blood clots, thick blobs of blood that can block circulation, form in response to injuries and can also be caused by many illnesses, including cancer and genetic disorders, certain drugs and prolonged sitting or bed rest. If a blood clot travels to the brain, it can be deadly.

The suspension of the AstraZeneca vaccine in some countries comes at a time when the region is facing a third wave of the virus and further slows Europe’s vaccination campaign, already lagging because of shortages. No E.U. country is currently on pace to vaccinate 70 percent of its population by September.

Ms. von der Leyen said Europe’s vaccination campaign would pick up speed, with 55 million doses of the newly approved Johnson & Johnson vaccine, 200 million of the Pfizer vaccine, 35 million of the Moderna vaccine, and 70 million of AstraZeneca expected in the coming months.

Serbia’s largest vaccination center this month at the Belgrade Fair, a sprawling exhibition complex in the Serbian capital.Credit…Laura Boushnak for The New York Times

Stained for years by its brutal role in the horrific Balkan conflicts of the 1990s, Serbia is now basking in the glow of success in a good campaign: the quest to get its people vaccinated.

Serbia has raced ahead of the far richer and usually better-organized countries in Europe to offer all adult citizens not only free inoculations, but also a smorgasbord of five vaccines to choose from.

The country’s unusual surfeit of vaccines has been a public relations triumph for the increasingly authoritarian government of President Aleksandar Vucic. It has burnished his own and his country’s image, weakened his already beleaguered opponents and added a new twist to the complex geopolitics of vaccines.

Serbia, with a population under seven million, placed bets across the board, sealing initial deals for more than 11 million doses with Russia and China, whose products have not been approved by European regulators, as well as with Western drug companies.

It reached its first vaccine deal, covering 2.2 million doses, with Pfizer in August and quickly followed up with contracts for millions more from Russia and China.

As a result, Serbia has become the best vaccinator in Europe after Britain, data collected by OurWorldInData shows. It had administered 29.5 doses for every 100 people as of last week compared with just 10.5 in Germany, a country long viewed as a model of efficiency and good governance, and 10.7 in France.

Serbia’s prime minister, Ana Brnabic, attributed her country’s success to its decision to “treat this as a health issue, not a political issue. We negotiated with all, regardless of whether East or West.”

Serbia’s readiness to embrace non-Western vaccines so far shunned by the European Union could backfire if they turn out to be duds. Sinopharm, unlike Western vaccine makers, has not published detailed data from Phase 3 trials. Data it has released suggest that its product is less effective than Western coronavirus vaccines.

Many Serbians, apparently reassured by the vaccination drive, have also lowered their guard against the risk of infection. The daily number of new cases has more than doubled since early February, prompting the government to order all businesses other than food stores and pharmacies to close last weekend.

More than 150 million students and educators are using Google Classroom app.Credit…Friedemann Vogel/EPA, via Shutterstock

After a tough year of toggling between remote and in-person schooling, many students, teachers and their families feel burned out from pandemic learning. But companies that market digital learning tools to schools are enjoying a windfall.

Venture and equity financing for education technology start-ups has more than doubled, surging to $12.6 billion worldwide last year from $4.8 billion in 2019, according to a report from CB Insights, a firm that tracks start-ups and venture capital.

Yet as more districts reopen for in-person instruction, the billions of dollars that schools and venture capitalists have sunk into education technology are about to get tested.

“There’s definitely going to be a shakeout over the next year,” said Matthew Gross, the chief executive of Newsela, a popular reading lesson app for schools.

A number of ed-tech start-ups reporting record growth had sizable school audiences before the pandemic. Then last spring, as school districts switched to remote learning, many education apps hit on a common pandemic growth strategy: They temporarily made their premium services free to teachers for the rest of the school year.

“What unfolded from there was massive adoption,” said Tory Patterson, a managing director at Owl Ventures, a venture capital firm that invests in education start-ups like Newsela. Once the school year ended, he said, ed-tech start-ups began trying to convert school districts into paying customers, and “we saw pretty broad-based uptake of those offers.”

Some consumer tech giants that provided free services to schools also reaped benefits, gaining audience share and getting millions of students accustomed to using their product.

The worldwide audience for Google Classroom, Google’s free class assignment and grading app, has skyrocketed to more than 150 million students and educators, up from 40 million early last year. And Zoom Video Communications says it has provided free services during the pandemic to more than 125,000 schools in 25 countries.

Whether tools that teachers have come to rely on for remote learning can maintain their popularity will now hinge on how useful the apps are in the classroom.

A United Nations convoy carrying coronavirus vaccines passed through the Ofer crossing Wednesday on its way to a Palestinian health ministry warehouse near Ramallah in the West Bank.Credit…Nasser Nasser/Associated Press

JERUSALEM — The occupied West Bank and the blockaded Gaza Strip received their first shipment of Covid-19 vaccines on Wednesday from the global vaccine sharing initiative Covax, paving the way for Palestinian authorities to start inoculating residents on a wider scale.

The Health Ministry of the West Bank-based Palestinian Authority said the vaccines would be administered starting Sunday to medical teams, dialysis and cancer patients, and people who are 75 or older.

The ministry said the shipment included 37,440 doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, which will be used right away; and 24,000 doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, which it initially said would be stored until the World Health Organization issued a scientific opinion on the vaccine’s safety.

Later Wednesday, after the W.H.O. recommended the continued use of the AstraZeneca vaccine, the Palestinian health minister, Mai al-Kaila, said the Palestinians would follow that recommendation.

Tor Wennesland, the top United Nations envoy for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, called the shipment “a key step in our fight against #Covid19 in the #WestBank & #Gaza.”

The West Bank now faces what Palestinian officials have called the most challenging public health situation since the pandemic first emerged in the territory last year. Occupancy in coronavirus wards has surged, and the authorities have announced a “comprehensive lockdown” between Monday and Saturday. An average of 1,767 new coronavirus cases have been recorded daily over the past week, according to official figures.

The Palestinian Authority in the West Bank said that before Wednesday, it had received only 12,000 vaccine doses. Officials in Gaza said they had received a total of 62,000 doses, including 2,000 from the Palestinian Authority and 60,000 from the United Arab Emirates.

Israeli security officials said that about 20,000 of the doses that arrived from Covax on Wednesday went to Gaza.

Israel has faced criticism for providing Israeli citizens with significantly greater access to vaccines than it has allowed for Palestinians living under its occupation.

Last week, Israel started inoculating tens of thousands of Palestinians who have permits to work in Israel or in Jewish settlements — the first substantial amount of vaccine it has made available to Palestinians living in the West Bank.

GLOBAL ROUNDUP

Casting a ballot at a polling station in the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam on Wednesday.Credit…Sem Van Der Wal/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

As Dutch voters go to the polls for parliamentary elections this week, the pandemic has changed the usual dynamic.

To help maintain social distancing, the voting process was spread over three days, ending on Wednesday. Voters over 70 were encouraged to vote by mail. And campaigning mainly took place on television, making it hard for voters to spontaneously confront politicians as is typical practice.

Coronavirus cases are again surging in the Netherlands, prompting the authorities to warn of a third wave. Last year, it took the government of Prime Minister Mark Rutte until November to get the country’s testing capabilities in order, and the vaccination process is also going slowly.

Yet during the campaigning, more localized issues managed to overshadow the government’s handling of the coronavirus.

The prime minister and his cabinet resigned in January over a scandal involving the tax authorities’ hunting down people, mostly poor, who had made administrative mistakes in their child benefits requests. Many were brought to financial ruin as a result.

Broader policies put forward by Mr. Rutte, who has been in power since 2010, were also a focus on the campaign trail. While his party is ahead in the polls, it has lost some support in recent weeks.

Neighboring Germany is also entering a packed election season, with national and state votes coming in a year that will bring to an end the 16-year chancellorship of Angela Merkel.

In other developments around the world:

  • Australia will send 8,000 coronavirus vaccine doses to Papua New Guinea in an attempt to curb a rapidly growing outbreak in the country, which is Australia’s closest neighbor, Prime Minister Scott Morrison said on Wednesday. Australia will also ask AstraZeneca to divert to the small island nation a million vaccine doses that were bound for Australia. And it is suspending all charter flights from Papua New Guinea, where about half of the nation’s total reported 2,351 coronavirus cases have been recorded in the past two weeks.

Andrea Maikovich-Fong, a psychologist in Denver, said she worried about how some clients would adjust as the world begins to reopen.Credit…Stephen Speranza for The New York Times

When the pandemic narrowed the world, Jonathan Hirshon stopped traveling, eating out, going to cocktail parties and commuting to the office.

What a relief.

Mr. Hirshon experiences severe social anxiety. Even as he grieved the pandemic’s toll, he found lockdown life to be a respite.

Now, with public life about to resume, he finds himself with decidedly mixed feelings — “anticipation, dread and hope.”

Mr. Hirshon, a 54-year-old public relations consultant, is one of numerous people who find the everyday grind not only wearing, but also emotionally unsettling. That includes people with clinical diagnoses of anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder, and also some run-of-the-mill introverts.

A new survey from the American Psychological Association found that while 47 percent of people have seen their stress rise over the pandemic, about 43 percent reported no change in stress and 7 percent said they felt less stress.

Mental health experts said that this portion of the population found lockdown measures protective, a sort of permission to glide into more predictable spaces, schedules, routines and relationships. And experts say that while the lockdown periods have blessed the “avoidance” of social situations, the circumstances are poised to change.

“I am very worried about many of my socially anxious patients,” said Andrea Maikovich-Fong, a psychologist in Denver. That anxiety, she said, “is going to come back with a vengeance when the world opens up.”

A protest over masks and Covid vaccines outside the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention headquarters in Atlanta on Saturday.Credit…Elijah Nouvelage/Getty Images

Former President Donald J. Trump recommended in a nationally televised interview on Tuesday evening that Americans who are reluctant to be vaccinated against the coronavirus should go ahead with inoculations.

Mr. Trump and his wife, Melania, were vaccinated in January. And vaccine proponents have called on him to speak out in favor of the shots to his supporters — many of whom remain reluctant, polls show.

Speaking to Maria Bartiromo on “Fox News Primetime,” Mr. Trump said, “I would recommend it, and I would recommend it to a lot of people that don’t want to get it — and a lot of those people voted for me frankly.”

He added: “It is a safe vaccine, and it is something that works.”

While there are degrees of opposition to coronavirus vaccination among a number of groups, polling suggests that the opinions break substantially along partisan lines.

A third of Republicans said in a CBS News poll that they would not be vaccinated — compared with 10 percent of Democrats — and another 20 percent of Republicans said they were unsure. Other polls have found similar trends.

Mr. Trump encouraged attendees at the Conservative Political Action Conference in Orlando, Fla., late last month to get vaccinated.

Still, Mr. Trump — whose tenure during the pandemic was often marked by railing against recommendations from medical experts — said on Tuesday that “we have our freedoms and we have to live by that, and I agree with that also.”

With President Biden’s administration readying television and internet advertising and other efforts to promote vaccination, the challenge for the White House is complicated by perceptions of Mr. Trump’s stance on the vaccine.

Asked about the issue on Monday at the White House, Mr. Biden said Mr. Trump’s help promoting vaccination was less important than getting trusted community figures on board.

“I discussed it with my team, and they say the thing that has more impact than anything Trump would say to the MAGA folks is what the local doctor, what the local preachers, what the local people in the community say,” Mr. Biden said, referring to Mr. Trump’s supporters and campaign slogan “Make America Great Again.”

Grace Sundstrom, a senior in Des Moines, wrote her college essay about correspondence she had with Alden, a nursing home resident.Credit…via Grace Sundstrom

This year perhaps more than ever, the college essay has served as a canvas for high school seniors to reflect on a turbulent and, for many, sorrowful year. It has been a psychiatrist’s couch, a road map to a more hopeful future, a chance to pour out intimate feelings about loneliness and injustice.

In response to a request from The New York Times, more than 900 seniors submitted the personal essays they wrote for their college applications. Reading them is like a taking a trip through two of the biggest news events of recent decades: the devastation wrought by the coronavirus, and the rise of a new civil rights movement.

In the wake of the high-profile deaths of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor at the hands of police officers, students shared how they had wrestled with racism in their own lives. Many dipped their feet into the politics of protest.

And in the midst of the most far-reaching pandemic in a century, they described the isolation and loss that have pervaded every aspect of their lives since schools suddenly shut down a year ago. They sought to articulate how they have managed while cut off from friends and activities.

The coronavirus was the most common theme in the essays submitted to The Times, appearing in 393 essays, more than 40 percent. Next was the value of family, coming up in 351 essays, but often in the context of other issues, like the pandemic and race. Racial justice and protest figured in 342 essays.

Family was not the only eternal verity to appear. Love came up in 286 essays; science in 128; art in 110; music in 109; and honor in 32. Personal tragedy also loomed large, with 30 essays about cancer alone.

Some students resisted the lure of current events and wrote quirky essays about captaining a fishing boat on Cape Cod or hosting dinner parties. A few wrote poetry. Perhaps surprisingly, politics and the 2020 election were not of great interest.

Eight of the 10 ZIP codes with the highest rate of eviction filings were in the Bronx, according to an analysis of records by the Association for Neighborhood and Housing Development.Credit…Anna Watts for The New York Times

New York City landlords are seeking evictions nearly four times more often in the neighborhoods hit hardest by Covid-19 — predominantly Black and Latino communities that have borne the brunt of both health and housing crises since the virus swept the city last year, according to a new report.

The findings were the latest indication that thousands of the city’s most vulnerable residents could be forcibly removed from their homes as early as May, when a statewide pause on evictions is set to expire.

In New York City, about 40,000 residential tenants have been taken to court for eviction proceedings in the last year, with an average claim of $8,150, according to an analysis of state records by the Association for Neighborhood and Housing Development, a coalition of housing nonprofits.

The neighborhoods with the highest Covid-19 death rates, the top 25 percent, received 15,517 eviction filings, while areas with the lowest death rates, in the bottom 25 percent, had 4,224 cases, through late February. Roughly 68 percent of residents in the hardest-hit ZIP codes were people of color, more than twice the share in the least-affected areas.

Marisol Morales, 55, moved to the United States from Panama in 1991, and has lived for 11 years in a two-bedroom apartment in the Bronx. She lost her part-time job as a cook last spring and has been unable to pay her subsidized $1,647 rent for several months. Her landlord is now suing her.

“An affordable apartment does not exist in New York,” Ms. Morales said.

After his wife died from Covid-19 complications, John Lancos joined social media groups that offered support for people who had lost loved ones in the pandemic.Credit…Desiree Rios for The New York Times

Pamela Addison is, in her own words, “one of the shyest people in this world.” Certainly not the sort of person who would submit an opinion essay to a newspaper, start a support group for strangers or ask a U.S. senator to vote for $1.9 trillion legislation.

But in the past five months, she has done all of those things.

Her husband, Martin Addison, a 44-year-old health care worker in New Jersey, died from the coronavirus in April after a month of illness. The last time she saw him was when he was loaded into an ambulance. At 37, Ms. Addison was left to care for a 2-year-old daughter and an infant son, and to make ends meet on her own.

“Seeing the impact my story has had on people — it has been very therapeutic and healing for me,” she said. “And knowing that I’m doing it to honor my husband gives me the greatest joy, because I’m doing it for him.”

With the United States’ coronavirus death toll — over 535,000 people — come thousands of stories like hers. Many people who have lost loved ones, or whose lives have been upended by long-haul symptoms, have turned to political action.

There are Marjorie Roberts, who got sick while managing a hospital gift shop in Atlanta and now has lung scarring; Mary Wilson-Snipes, still on oxygen more than two months after coming home from the hospital; and John Lancos, who lost his wife of 41 years on April 23.

In January, they and dozens of others participated in an advocacy training session over Zoom, run by a group called Covid Survivors for Change. This month, the group organized virtual meetings with the offices of 16 senators, and more than 50 group members lobbied for the coronavirus relief package.

The immediate purpose of the training session was to teach people how to do things like lobby a senator. The longer-term purpose was to confront the problem of numbers.

Numbers are dehumanizing, as activists like to say. In sufficient quantities — 536,472 as of Wednesday morning, for instance — they are also numbing. This is why converting numbers into people is so often the job of activists seeking policy change after tragedy.

A school nurse, Marissa Molina, administers a coronavirus test to a student at Odessa High School in Odessa, Texas.Credit…Tamir Kalifa for The New York Times

The Biden administration will invest $10 billion in congressionally approved funds to vastly expand coronavirus screening for students returning to in-person learning and another $2.25 billion to increase testing in underserved communities, federal health officials said Wednesday.

The plan was announced Wednesday afternoon during the White House’s regular virus briefing. The federal Department of Health and Human Services had previewed the program in an email message to reporters.

Congress approved the $10 billion expenditure when it passed Mr. Biden’s $1.9 trillion stimulus package, which the president signed into law last week. The health department said the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention would give the money to states “quickly as part of a strategy to help get schools open in the remaining months of this school year.”

Reopening schools has been one of President Biden’s highest priorities — and one of the most contentious issues facing the new administration. Millions of American children have been confined to virtual learning since the start of the pandemic a year ago. Education experts say that many children — and parents — are suffering, psychologically as well as academically. Still, most schools are already operating at least partially in person, and evidence suggests they are doing so relatively safely. Research shows in-school spread can be mitigated with simple safety measures like masking, distancing, hand-washing and opening windows.

Mr. Biden, who initially called for all schools to reopen within 100 days of his inauguration, later narrowed that goal to elementary and middle schools, and has set the reopening benchmark at “the majority of schools” — 51 percent. But there are still many hurdles, including convincing teachers unions that policies are in place to ensure a safe return and easing the fears and frustrations of parents.

One stumbling block to reopening has been the C.D.C.’s recommendation that people remain six feet apart from one another if they do not live in the same household. Amid a growing understanding of how the virus spreads, some public health experts are calling on the agency to reduce the recommended distance from six feet to three.

Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, Mr. Biden’s senior medical adviser for the pandemic, and Dr. Rochelle Walensky, the C.D.C. director, have said the guidance is being revisited.

The administration said Wednesday that the C.D.C. and state and local health departments would help states and schools in implementing testing programs. The agency intends to release the state-by-state allocation table on Wednesday, with final awards to be made early April.

The administration said the C.D.C. would also update its guidance on which types of tests should be used in different settings, such as schools, prisons or nursing homes.

The $2.25 billion for testing in underserved populations is intended to address the racial disparities laid bare by the pandemic. Black and Latino people are far more likely than white people to get infected with the coronavirus and to die from Covid-19, and those disparities extend to testing, experts say. The vaccination rate for Black people in the United States is half that of white people, and the gap for Hispanic people is even larger, according to a New York Times analysis of state-reported race and ethnicity information.

The money will be given in grants to public health departments to improve their ability to test for and track the virus.

“Testing is critical to saving lives and restoring economic activity,” Norris Cochran, the acting health secretary, said in a statement, adding that the department is determined to “expand our capacity to get testing to the individuals and the places that need it most.”

Credit…Marie Eriel Hobro for The New York Times

People who get Covid-19 shots at thousands of Walmart and Sam’s Club stores may soon be able to verify their vaccination status at airports, schools and other locations using a health passport app on their smartphones.

The retail giant said on Wednesday that it had signed on to an international effort to provide standardized digital vaccination credentials to consumers. The company joins a push already backed by major health centers and tech companies including Microsoft, Oracle, Salesforce, Cerner, Epic Systems, the Mitre Corporation and the Mayo Clinic.

The participation of Walmart, which is offering vaccines at thousands of stores, is likely to accelerate the adoption of digital vaccination credentials.

Credit…Commons Project

The company said people who get Covid shots at Walmart and Sam’s Club stores will be able to use free health passport apps to verify their vaccination records and then generate smartphone codes that could allow them to board a plane or enter a sports area.

The apps include Health Pass developed by Clear, a security company that uses biometric technology to confirm people’s identities at airports, and CommonPass, developed by the Commons Project Foundation, a nonprofit in Geneva.

JetBlue and Lufthansa are already using the CommonPass app to verify passengers’ negative virus test results before they can board certain flights.

“Walmart is the first huge-scale administrator of vaccines that is committing to giving people a secure, verifiable record of their vaccinations,” said Paul Meyer, the chief executive of the Commons Project. “We think many others will follow.”

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Health

As U.S. Covid circumstances stall, high well being officers warn variants might ‘hijack’ nation’s progress

People wait in line around the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center on the west side of Midtown Manhattan to receive a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine that was converted into a mass vaccination center in New York on March 2 . 2021.

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The U.S. is at “critical juncture” in its response to the coronavirus pandemic as highly communicable variants threaten to overturn the nation’s progress within weeks, even if more vaccines find their way into Americans, senior health officials warned Wednesday .

The emergence of the new variants largely coincided with the sharp decline in daily new cases in the US since January, but those numbers have stalled since then.

The highly contagious variant, first identified in the UK and known as B.1.1.7, “is poised to hijack the nation’s success,” said Dr. Rochelle Walensky, the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, on Wednesday.

“So much can change in the next few weeks,” said Walensky at a Covid-19 briefing in the White House. “How that works is up to us. The next three months are crucial.”

The USA reported a daily average of around 65,422 new cases in the past week. This is a decrease from the high of nearly 250,000 cases per day the US reported in January. This comes from a CNBC analysis of the data compiled by Johns Hopkins University.

However, the number of new infections every day is still higher than the rate the US reported in the summer when the virus was spread through the American sun belt. Covid-19 cases are increasing more than 5% in 14 states, down from just two states a week ago.

CDC researchers published a study on Jan. 15 that predicted that strain B.1.1.7 would be the predominant strain in the U.S. by mid to late March. Health officials have since warned that the variants could reverse the current downward trend in infections in the US and delay the nation’s recovery from the pandemic.

“Now, more than ever, we have to do everything we can to stop the virus from spreading,” said Walensky.

Other variants threaten

Variant B.1.1.7, presented for the first time in Great Britain, is not the only burden for medical experts.

The Chief Medical Officer of the White House, Dr. Anthony Fauci noted on Wednesday that variant B.1.351, first identified in South Africa, could reduce the effectiveness of the vaccine “moderately to severely” and variant P.1 found in Brazil could evade antibodies generated by previous infections or vaccinations .

There are also new varieties that have been discovered in the United States. Preliminary reports show that variant B.1.427 found in California may be more transmissible than previous strains, Fauci said.

The infectious disease expert said earlier this week that US officials are also taking variant B.1.526 found in New York “very seriously,” increasing the possibility that it could escape protection from antibody treatments and vaccines.

Fauci reiterated that vaccines should continue to protect against the disease, and drug makers are working on booster doses to combat the mutations that are occurring. Clinical trials for a booster shot of Moderna against the B.1.351 variant are slated to begin in mid-March, he said.

While the US may see a further increase in variant B.1.1.7 in the future, Dr. Celine Gounder, a former member of President Joe Biden’s Covid Advisory Board, told CNBC that she was more concerned about variants B.1.351 or P.1 further mutating and reducing the effectiveness of the vaccines currently in use in preventing hospitalizations and death.

“If you let the B.1.351 or the P.1 mutate further where it is no longer covered by the vaccine, and you have a window in which we do not yet have the updated vaccine available, we could find ourselves in a difficult place are in the fall, “said Gounder in a telephone interview.

Covid fatigue sets in

The variations aren’t the only problem. Covid fatigue is gaining ground and fewer people are sticking to recommended public health measures needed to contain the spread of the virus, Walensky said.

Despite recent warnings from the Biden administration, some states have pushed ahead with reopening as cases fall and more vaccines are given. Texas and Mississippi announced Tuesday that they would fully reopen their states and not meet their mask requirements.

“I would still encourage individuals to wear a mask, distance themselves socially, and do the right thing to protect their own health,” Walensky said on Wednesday.

In New York, major sports arenas have been allowed to return with the required tests, and restaurants in New York City have resumed indoor dining with limited capacity.

New York reports an average of around 7,399 new Covid-19 cases per day. This is the lowest daily number of cases the state has seen since early December, but it’s almost on par when Governor Andrew Cuomo shut down the city’s indoor dining in December.

On Wednesday, Cuomo noted during a press conference that Covid-19 state hospital stays “fell to below pre-peak levels” in December amid the holidays.

Gounder, a professor of medicine at New York University, said it was “premature” for New York to reopen indoor dining.

“I think it was very unwise to reopen restaurants that are basically the most risky public places right now,” said Gounder.

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Health

Why Do Virus Variants Have Such Bizarre Names?

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VOC 202012/02.

B.1.351.

Those were the charming names that scientists had suggested for a new variant of the coronavirus identified in South Africa. The intertwined sequences of letters, numbers, and dots are of great importance to the scientists who developed them, but how is anyone else going to keep them straight? Even the easiest to remember B.1.351 refers to a completely different lineage of the virus if a single point is overlooked or misplaced.

Virus naming conventions were fine as long as variants remained esoteric research topics. But they are now the source of fear for billions of people. They need names that roll off the tongue without stigmatizing the people or places associated with them.

“What is challenging is to develop names that are unique, informative, without geographical references, and pronounced and memorable,” said Emma Hodcroft, molecular epidemiologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland. “It sounds a bit simple, but it really is a big question to convey all of this information.”

She and other experts said the solution was to develop a single system that anyone could use, but link it to the more technical ones that scientists rely on. The World Health Organization has set up a working group of a few dozen experts to find an easy and scalable way to achieve this.

“This new system will give worrying variants a name that is easy to pronounce and retrieve, and will minimize unnecessary negative effects on nations, economies and people,” the WHO said in a statement. “The proposal for this mechanism is currently undergoing internal and external partner review prior to its completion.”

The WHO’s leading candidate to date is disarmingly simple, according to two members of the working group: numbering the variants in the order in which they were identified – V1, V2, V3, etc.

“There are thousands and thousands of variants and we need a way to label them,” said Trevor Bedford, evolutionary biologist at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle and a member of the research group.

Naming diseases has not always been that complicated. Syphilis, for example, comes from a poem from 1530 in which a shepherd, Syphilus, is cursed by the god Apollo. However, the compound microscope, invented around 1600, opened up a hidden world of microbes that allowed scientists to name them by their shapes, said Richard Barnett, a science historian in the UK.

Nevertheless, racism and imperialism infiltrated disease names. In the 1800s, as cholera spread from the Indian subcontinent to Europe, British newspapers called it “Indian Cholera” and depicted the disease as a figure in a turban and robes.

“Naming can very often reflect and expand a stigma,” said Dr. Barnett.

In 2015, WHO published best practices for disease naming: avoidance of geographic locations or names of people, animal or food species, and terms that create inappropriate fear, such as “fatal” and “epidemic”.

Scientists rely on at least three competing systems of nomenclature – Gisaid, Pango, and Nextstrain – each of which makes sense in its own world.

“You can’t track anything you can’t name,” said Oliver Pybus, an Oxford evolutionary biologist who helped design the Pango system.

Scientists name variants when changes in the genome coincide with new outbreaks, but they only draw attention to them when their behavior changes – for example if they are more easily transmitted (B.1.1.7, the variant first observed in the UK)) or if they at least partially bypass the immune response (B.1.351, the variant proven in South Africa).

Indications of the origin of the variant are coded in the mixed up letters and numbers: For example, the “B.1” indicates that these variants are related to the outbreak in Italy last spring. (As soon as the hierarchy of variants becomes too deep to accommodate another number and point, newer variants are given the next letter available alphabetically.)

Updated

March 2, 2021, 3:28 p.m. ET

However, when scientists announced that a variant called B.1.315 – two digits away from the variant first seen in South Africa – was spreading in the US, the South African Minister of Health was “quite confused between this and B.1.351 “Said Tulio de Oliveira, geneticist at the Nelson Mandela School of Medicine in Durban and a member of the WHO working group.

“We have to develop a system that not only evolutionary biologists can understand,” he said.

Since there are no easy alternatives, people have referred to B.1.351 as “the South African variant”. But Dr. de Oliveira asked his colleagues to avoid the term. (Look no further than the origins of this virus: call it the “China Virus” or the “Wuhan Virus”, which is causing xenophobia and aggression against people of East Asian origin worldwide.)

So serious is the potential harm that some countries have been discouraged from reporting if a new pathogen is discovered within their borders. Geographical names are also quickly becoming obsolete: B.1.351 is now represented in 48 countries, so calling it a South African variant is absurd, added Dr. de Oliveira added.

And practice could distort science. It’s not entirely clear that the variant originated in South Africa: it was identified there in large part thanks to the diligence of South African scientists, but if it is classified as a variant of that country, it could mislead other researchers, their possible route to South Africa from one another from overlooked country that sequenced fewer coronavirus genomes.

In the past few weeks, proposing a new system has become a kind of spectator sport. Some suggestions for name inspiration: hurricanes, Greek letters, birds, other animal names like squirrels or aardvarks, and local monsters.

Áine O’Toole, a graduate student at the University of Edinburgh who is part of the Pango team, suggested colors to indicate how different constellations of mutations are related.

“You could end up in dusty pink or magenta or fuchsia,” she said.

Sometimes it can be enough to identify a new variant by its characteristic mutation, especially if the mutations are given bizarre names. Last spring, Ms. O’Toole and her coworkers named D614G, one of the earliest known mutations, “Doug”.

“We kind of didn’t have a lot of human interaction,” she said. “That was our idea of ​​humor in Lockdown # 1.”

Other nicknames followed: “Nelly” for N501Y, a common thread in many new variants, and “Eeek” for E484K, a mutation that is said to make the virus less susceptible to vaccines.

But Eeek has appeared in multiple flavors around the world, underscoring the need for flavors to have different names.

The numbering system considered by the WHO is straightforward. However, new names must overcome the ease and simplicity of geographical designations for the general public. And scientists need to strike a balance between labeling a variant fast enough to forestall geographic names and being careful not to name insignificant variants.

“What I don’t want is a system where we have this long list of variants that all have WHO names, but really only three of them are important and the other 17 are not important,” said Dr. Bedford.

Whatever the final system, it must also be accepted by various groups of scientists as well as the public.

“If you don’t really become a lingua franca, things get more confusing,” said Dr. Hodcroft. “If you can’t come up with something that people can easily say, type, and remember, they’ll just go back to using the geographic name.”

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CDC director warns decline in Covid circumstances could have stalled as variants unfold

Dr. Rochelle Walensky, selected as director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, speaks during an event at the Queen Theater in Wilmington, Del., Tuesday, December 8, 2020.

Susan Walsh | AP

The decline in Covid-19 cases reported in the US since early January could level off, a worrying shift as highly communicable variants pose a risk of exacerbation of infections, the head of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said on Friday.

“In the past few weeks, cases and hospital admissions in the US have decreased since early January, and deaths have decreased over the past week,” said CDC director Dr. Rochelle Walensky during a press conference. “However, the latest data suggests that these declines may stall and possibly weaken if a number is still very high.”

According to a CNBC analysis of data compiled by Johns Hopkins University, the nation reports a daily average of around 73,376 new cases for the past week, a slight increase compared to a week ago. The US hit a high of nearly 250,000 cases per day in early January after the winter break.

The recent postponement could be a sign that new, highly transmittable variants of the coronavirus are starting to take hold, Walensky said. A variant, known as B.1.1.7 and first found in the UK, is expected to be the predominant variety in mid to late March, experts have predicted.

The B.1.1.7 variant appears to be causing about 10% of new Covid-19 cases in the US, up from just 1% a few weeks ago, Walensky said. However, some states have more cases of the highly communicable variant than others.

Senior U.S. health officials have warned in recent weeks that the variants could reverse the current downward trend in infections in the U.S. and delay the nation’s recovery from the pandemic.

The head of the federal health department said states shouldn’t start lifting restrictions on businesses and gatherings given the direction of the fall and the high prevalence of virus.

“I want to be clear: cases, hospital admissions and deaths are still very high, and the recent postponement of the pandemic must be taken extremely seriously,” said Walensky.

The Chief Medical Officer of the White House, Dr. Anthony Fauci said the nation will be in “a precarious position” if the number of new cases every day starts to surge to around 70,000.

“We need to carefully consider what happens to these numbers over the next few weeks before you see the understandable need to relax with certain restrictions,” said Fauci.

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Health

Covid variants might ‘undermine all of our efforts’

Dr. Rochelle Walensky, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Chip Somodevilla | Getty Images

New, highly transmissible variants of Covid-19 “may” “reverse” the nation’s control of the pandemic and could undermine “all of our efforts” against the disease if the virus proliferates in different parts of the world, Chief of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said on Wednesday.

Senior U.S. health officials have warned in recent weeks that the emergence of highly contagious variants, particularly of strain B.1.1.7 from the UK, could reverse the current downward trend in infections in the U.S. and delay the nation’s recovery from the pandemic.

The problem is not limited to the United States. As the coronavirus spreads, it makes large numbers of copies of itself, and each version is a little different from the previous one, experts say. The more people become infected, the more likely it is that problematic mutations will occur.

“Even if you weren’t necessarily inclined to be part of the global health effort, we have to, as any effort we are making here in this nation could potentially be undermined immediately from these variants,” said CDC Director Dr . Rochelle Walensky on Wednesday told the National Academy of Medicine and the American Public Health Association.

Scientists are not surprised by the emergence of the variants, and have repeated that the vaccines currently available should continue to work against them, although they may not be as effective as against the original “wild” strain.

Moderna announced Wednesday that it was shipping cans of a booster shot specifically targeting the variant common in South Africa known as the B.1.351 strain to the National Institutes of Health.

“We know this virus knows no geographic boundaries and that with the rapid spread of Covid-19 variants that can reverse advances in fighting this pandemic, it is more urgent than ever to address this reality,” said Walensky .

The US reports a weekly average of around 71,562 new Covid-19 cases per day, a 12% decrease from the previous week, and a significant decrease from the average of new cases in the US in early January of nearly 250,000 cases per day, according to a CNBC Analysis of data compiled by Johns Hopkins University.

Although not every country reports similar declines, global Covid-19 cases in the United States have declined for six consecutive weeks, according to the latest World Health Organization situation report released on Tuesday.

The decline is welcome news as countries battle to get their starting doses of Covid-19 vaccines. While some nations have been administering vaccines since December, some are just getting their first shots.

The first shipment of vaccines delivered under the World Health Organization’s COVAX program arrived in Ghana on Wednesday. Some experts have previously said that an equitable distribution of vaccines may be too late as wealthier nations have made their own deals with vaccine manufacturers and claimed their initial dose supply.

“The Covid-19 pandemic is a clear reminder of how closely we are connected as a global community,” said Walensky.

– CNBC’s Berkeley Lovelace Jr. and Natasha Turak contributed to this report.