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Entertainment

I’m Obsessed With ‘Previous.’ The Twist: I Gained’t See It.

Let me say up front that I do not expect to see M. Night Shyamalan’s latest movie, “Old,” which arrived in theaters last week, for no other reason than that I am traveling and haven’t set foot in a theater in almost two years. But in the past few weeks, I have watched its trailer over and over, enthralled by its combination of existential horror and unintended humor. The trailer introduces us to some people who become trapped on a remote beach, where they begin to age at an insanely accelerated pace. Naturally, they try to figure out what’s happening, floating theories and freaking out. This being a Shyamalan film, the trailer promises they will spend a lot of time looking confused and concerned — the same facial feat Mark Wahlberg sustained across the running time of “The Happening” — and yelling at one another, demanding explanations.

This is a familiar, Manichaean, Shyamalan-ish universe: A diverse group of bewildered souls, alone in a menacing void, earnestly playing out whatever endgame logic the scenario dictates. (It’s as though the director were compelled to continually make big-budget versions of “Waiting for Godot” — you think he can’t go on, but he’ll go on.) So we see a family on vacation, headed to the beach. The cast is soon filled out by others: a couple, a 6-year-old girl, a woman in a bikini making smoochie faces at her phone, two more men. Soon enough, the kids find things in the sand: rusted items from their hotel, cracked sunglasses, late-model iPhones. A young bleach-blonde corpse bobs toward a boy in the water. (She did not die of old age, but will decompose in hyperlapse.) Then the real aging begins. Parents confront their kids’ sudden adolescence. The 6-year-old girl grows up, becomes pregnant and gives birth on the beach. Some greater force is afoot, be it fate, God, time, Facebook or nature. Whatever it is, it clearly doesn’t care how many travel rewards points or memory-making family vacations you had in real life.

Near the start of the trailer, Vicky Krieps’s character dreamily tells her impatient children: “Let’s all start slowing down.” Then everything starts speeding up. At some point she turns to her husband and exclaims, “You have wrinkles!” (The horror!) But of course “Old” will not be an allegory about the importance of sunscreen. What we’re being shown here looks far more like a meditation on mortality wrapped in a cautionary tale about our accelerated lives — about the scariness of time flying and kids growing up too fast, of bodies going to hell and the inescapability of death, and about the ravages we’ve visited upon the Earth, which will remain blanketed in all our fancy garbage long after it has turned us to dust.

Part of what’s so captivatingly strange about the trailer is the way it takes a movie that compresses life into a couple of hours and then compresses that into a galloping two-and-a-half-minute highlight reel. Its breakneck, parodic pace calls to mind Tom Stoppard’s “15-Minute Hamlet,” in which all the most famous scenes from Shakespeare’s play are crammed (twice!) into a quarter of an hour. (In a film adaptation I once saw, Ophelia drowned herself by plunging her head into a bucket.) The title alone reduces the existential horror of the premise to a midlife freakout.

The graphic novel from which this movie is adapted — “Sandcastle,” written by Pierre Oscar Lévy and illustrated by Frederik Peeters — was inspired by Levy’s memories of childhood holidays. “He used to travel a lot to a beach exactly like this one, in the north of Spain,” Peeters told the comics site CBR. “Later, he went back with his own children, and one day he had this idea.” The beach could serve as a microcosm of Western society, “with some of its strong basic figures.” This was not a thriller, Peeters said — “it’s a fable.”

It takes a movie that compresses life into a couple of hours and then compresses that into two and a half minutes.

Shyamalan may be best known for his last-minute twists, but this was an option the “Sandcastle” authors ultimately decided against. According to Peeters, Levy had written a resolution to the story, a final twist — “but we finally decided it was useless, and would have destroyed the frightening dimension of the book.” The frightening dimension, of course, is that there is no escaping time, or death — and neither is there any simple revelatory twist in life that will explain what you’re meant to be doing with your time here.

Anyone converting this source material into a movie has a choice to make: Either you embrace the terrifying meaninglessness of our short lives, or you try to offer consolation with a resolution to the story. The trailer tips its hand that Shyamalan has chosen the latter: The last words we hear are Gabriel Garcia Bernal’s character saying, “We’re here for a reason!” Maybe we are and maybe we are not, but my time on Earth is limited, and any story that attempts to wrap up the problem of life will feel like a waste of it.

As I watched this trailer over and over, I was also, coincidentally, in Spain, where I lived for many years while growing up. I am writing from my brother’s new apartment in Madrid, which happens to be next door to the childhood home of a childhood friend. Walking my dog past her building, then meeting with her later, I find myself dwelling on the trailer, on the nature of time passing, on how compressed and accelerated it can feel. It’s strange to sit across from people you met in elementary school but haven’t seen in years. It makes you feel like the couples in the trailer, watching their spouses transform into their future selves. Time seems to pass at an accelerated rate when you return to a place periodically, over a long period, with large gaps in between.

During the past year and a half of paralysis — this remote, isolated, slowed-down time, during which some of the most privileged among us were able to isolate in safety and comfort — it could seem as if the future were on hold. (It was not.) Time felt endless and slow until, for me, it accelerated significantly. I lost my mother suddenly. After 18 months of not traveling anywhere, I came back to the city where I lost my father, where my nephews were born, where my parents’ still-living friends have become elderly. It is funny to see how much has changed, and which things never change. I met a friend at a gallery opening and mentioned on arrival that I’d forgotten to iron my dress. He seemed happy to hear this: “You’re still you!” he said.

Perhaps, for some of us, last year felt like a pause. But there was no pause. There never is. You look away for a moment, and your kid is tall. Your dog is old. Friends move away. You begin to wonder where this is all going. What’s the twist? When will it arrive? And then maybe you realize where you are, which may be a very old city — old to you and old in history, though not as old as some — and here you are, repeatedly watching a trailer for a movie, feeling a strange feeling.

Carina Chocano is the author of the essay collection “You Play the Girl: On Playboy Bunnies, Stepford Wives, Train Wrecks and Other Mixed Messages” and a contributing writer for the magazine.

Categories
Health

Jeff Bezos is obsessive about a standard Amazon warehouse harm

An employee searches for items in one of the corridors of an Amazon warehouse.

Carlos Jasso | Reuters

In his last letter to shareholders, Jeff Bezos, CEO of Amazon, called for a deep dive into musculoskeletal disorders, which account for approximately 40% of work-related injuries across the company and affect millions of workers worldwide in various sectors. It is often synonymous with jobs in manufacturing and places like warehouses.

Of course, from the recent union battle at an Alabama warehouse to the conditions for key employees during the pandemic, Amazon’s treatment of its employees has become a major issue. And it has been cited for a high incidence of work-related accidents in recent years, although the company has stated in the past that it also reports more work-related accidents than its peers due to a more proactive safety culture.

“If you read some of the news, you might think we don’t care about employees,” wrote Bezos in his letter released earlier this month. “In these reports, our employees are sometimes accused of being distressed souls and being treated as robots. This is incorrect. They are sophisticated and thoughtful people who have options for the workplace.”

But they also suffer from MSDs that occur on jobs that can be described as robot-like repetition. Bezos’ in-depth remarks on this workplace injury were one of the first announcements by a large company to bring wider attention to the problem, according to several experts consulted by CNBC. It is estimated that MSDs cost US companies over $ 50 billion each year, resulting in an average of 21 to 32 days of work interruption between 1997 and 2010. In addition to warehouse work at Amazon, MSD issues in meat processing and poultry factories have recently drawn attention.

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MSDs, often referred to as “ergonomic injuries,” are typically strains and sprains caused by repetitive movement, overexertion, or performing tasks in awkward positions, and include problems such as carpal tunnel syndrome and tendinitis. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, retail, manufacturing, and welfare jobs accounted for 50% of all MSD cases in the private sector. While they are common in factory workplaces and with first-time workers, they can also occur through exercise, desk work, and everyday use.

“MSDs are common in the type of work we do and are more likely to occur in the first six months of an employee,” wrote Bezos, adding that the company had started a program to target small groups of employees on body mechanics and safety coaching, which helped a 32% decrease in injuries between 2019 and 2020, while time as a result of injuries “decreased by more than half,” Bezos said in the latest letter. “We need to invent solutions to reduce MSDs for new hires, many of whom may be working in a physical role for the first time.”

Amazon declined to provide additional information to CNBC about its ongoing MSD efforts.

While MSD cases in the US workplace have declined over the past decade, approximately 1.71 billion people worldwide have musculoskeletal disorders, with lower back pain being the most common, the World Health Organization reported. This number is expected to increase as the population ages and grows.

“Many of these injuries are actually preventable, they’re not accidents, we can work to prevent them and make a big difference for patients,” said Anna Miller, vice chairwoman of the orthopedic surgery department and director of the orthopedic trauma department Washington University School of Medicine.

The dangers of repetitive work

While it is common for manufacturing workers to work on the repetitive assembly line, they can also occur while sitting in a home office doing remote work.

One of the biggest problems with MSDs is that there is no specific reason why they are occurring, and they can arise on the fly from a seemingly minor task like climbing stairs, says John Dony, senior director of the National Safety Council. There is little research into how they occur, why they occur, and who is most susceptible. While older workers often suffer from wear and tear, younger workers often try to overcome the risks or fail to understand the risks, Dony said.

Some studies suggest obesity, genetics, or smoking may increase the risk of MSD, but the causal link data isn’t very clear, says Andrew N. Pollak, senior vice president of clinical transformation and chief of orthopedics at the university’s medical system of Maryland.

Very limited federal funding is allocated to this research, but large companies like Amazon, which now employs over a million people, are better able to gather information to share with other companies.

“This type of research has been difficult to do in smaller companies because you just don’t have the same number of people doing the same jobs as you would with a giant like Amazon,” says Pollak.

MSDs can also lead to mental health problems for many frontline workers, and many people keep working after exposure because they need the money, Miller says.

In many service-oriented professions, workers are under pressure to keep working to make the customer happy and deal with injuries to meet the goals, says Jaimo Ahn, professor and chair of education in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at the Health System University of Michigan.

“If you are not getting there, or if you feel that you are not where you need to be, then move on,” said Ahn.

Solving the MSD Problem

In addition to the WorkingWell coaching program, which was introduced as part of Amazon’s workplace safety efforts last year for 859,000 employees in 250 locations, Amazon is also developing automated workforce plans that use “sophisticated algorithms for rotating employees” across jobs to prevent overuse of certain muscle groups and injuries, and that started rolling out this year.

Rotation schedules are one of the easiest precautionary solutions to preventing continued use of a particular muscle, as well as teaching workers how to lift from their legs instead of their arms or back. It also helps construct a job that involves excessive bending, requires non-slip shoes, or requires workers to lift heavy objects with a partner. Some companies have already put these guidelines in place, but they are sometimes ignored or not well communicated, Dony said.

Other alternatives include automating and implementing robots or machines that can minimize hand use and help with lifting, or handheld devices that show the environment and detail the span and range of motion. Robots have historically been a point of contention for workplace injuries, in some cases because of increasing risks to human workers, including requiring workers to move too fast to keep up ergonomically. However, the company’s executives have rejected this argument.

Solving MSDs outside of Amazon, across the world of work, and for many smaller, less deep-pocketed employers, begins with assessing the risk and walking through the workspaces.

“If you don’t even assess the risk or hazard you’re exposing someone to, you’re already behind the game,” says Dony.