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World News

Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin shedding high expertise throughout NASA lander struggle

Jeff Bezos, owner of Blue Origin, introduces a new lunar landing module called Blue Moon during an event at the Washington Convention Center, May 9, 2019 in Washington, DC.

Mark Wilson | Getty Images

Jeff Bezos flew to space late last month, but his company has lost top talent since the billionaire space founder came back to Earth.

At least 17 key leaders and senior engineers have left Blue Origin this summer, CNBC has learned, with many moving on in the weeks after Bezos’ spaceflight.

Two of the engineers, Nitin Arora and Lauren Lyons, this week announced jobs at other space companies: Elon Musk’s SpaceX and Firefly Aerospace, respectively.

Others quietly updated their LinkedIn pages over the past few weeks.

Each unannounced departure was confirmed to CNBC by people familiar with the matter. Those departures include: New Shepard senior vice president Steve Bennett, chief of mission assurance Jeff Ashby (who retired), national security sales director Scott Jacobs, New Glenn senior director Bob Ess, New Glenn first stage senior director Tod Byquist, New Glenn senior finance manager Bill Scammell, senior manager of production testing Christopher Payne, New Shepard technical project manager Nate Chapman, senior propulsion design engineer Dave Sanderson, senior HLS human factors engineer Rachel Forman, BE-4 controller lead integration and testing engineer Jack Nelson, New Shepard lead avionics software engineer Huong Vo, BE-7 avionics hardware engineer Aaron Wang, propulsion engineer Rex Gu, and rocket engine development engineer Gerry Hudak.

Those who announced they were leaving Blue Origin did not specify why, but frustration with executive management and a slow, bureaucratic structure is often cited in employee reviews on job site Glassdoor.

A company spokesperson emphasized Blue Origin’s growth in a statement to CNBC.

“Blue Origin grew by 850 people in 2020 and we have grown by another 650 so far in 2021. In fact, we’ve grown by nearly a factor of four over the past three years. We continue to fill out major leadership roles in manufacturing, quality, engine design, and vehicle design. It’s a team we’re building and we have great talent,” the spokesperson said.

Some of the engineers who left were part of Blue Origin’s astronaut lunar lander program. Bezos’ company lost its bid for a valuable NASA development contract in April when SpaceX was announced as the sole awardee under the space agency’s Human Landing System program, winning a $2.9 billion contract.

But, despite the Government Accountability Office last month denying Blue Origin’s protest of NASA’s decision, the company has continued to escalate its fight to be a part of the HLS program. Blue Origin first launched a public relations offensive against SpaceX’s Starship rocket and then, on Monday, sued NASA in federal court.

A $10,000 bonus

Jeff Bezos pops champagne after emerging from the New Shepard capsule after his spaceflight on July 20, 2021.

Blue Origin

The company has nearly 4,000 employees around the U.S., with its headquarters in Kent, Washington, near Seattle, as well as facilities in Cape Canaveral, Florida; Van Horn, Texas, and Huntsville, Alabama.

Ten days after Bezos’ July 20 spaceflight, Blue Origin gave all its full-time employees a $10,000, no-strings-attached cash bonus, multiple people familiar with the situation told CNBC. None of Blue Origin’s contractors received it. The company confirmed the bonus, with a spokesperson noting that it was intended as a “thank you” for achieving the milestone of launching people to space.

Two people told CNBC that internally the bonus was perceived as the company’s leadership attempting to entice talent to stay, in response to the number of employees filing notices to leave after the launch.

A look at Glassdoor reveals a sharp disparity in employee satisfaction with Blue Origin’s leadership when compared with that of other top space companies. According to Glassdoor, just 15% of Blue Origin employees approve of CEO Bob Smith — versus 91% for Elon Musk at SpaceX or 77% for Tory Bruno at United Launch Alliance.

The HLS fight

A mockup of the crew lander vehicle at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in August 2020.

Blue Origin

NASA’s Human Landing System program is one of the critical pieces of the agency’s plan, known as Artemis, to return U.S. astronauts to the surface of the moon.

Last year, NASA handed out nearly $1 billion in concept development contracts for HLS — with SpaceX receiving $135 million, Leidos’ subsidiary Dynetics receiving $253 million and Blue Origin receiving $579 million. The space agency then expected to award two of those three companies hardware development contracts this year. However, following a shortfall in requested funding for HLS from Congress, NASA decided to give only SpaceX a contract, worth about $2.9 billion.

Blue Origin and Dynetics each quickly filed protests with the U.S. Government Accountability Office, which halted NASA’s work on the program until the protests could be resolved. The GAO on July 30 upheld NASA’s decision. On Aug. 16, Blue Origin took its battle a step further, suing NASA in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims.

NASA has paid $300 million of its SpaceX contract so far, with the payment made on the day the GAO denied the protests. However, the space agency’s work on HLS has once again halted — this time due to the Blue Origin lawsuit, according to court filings Thursday — and will not resume until Nov. 1.

Major delays

Billionaire businessman Jeff Bezos is launched with three crew members aboard a New Shepard rocket on the world’s first unpiloted suborbital flight from Blue Origin’s Launch Site 1 near Van Horn, Texas, July 20, 2021.

Joe Skipper | Reuters

Blue Origin has struggled to deliver on multiple major programs since Bezos hired Smith as CEO in 2017. Bezos founded the company in 2000, with the goal of creating “a future where millions of people are living and working in space to benefit Earth.” Delays — although common in the industry, in which the adage “space is hard” is persistently heard — have pushed back Bezos’ vision, highlighted by the departure of Blue Origin’s chief operating officer late last year.

Bezos launched to the edge of space as one of the members of the first crew onboard Blue Origin’s reusable New Shepard rocket. While the company has not disclosed pricing, New Shepard competes with Virgin Galactic in the realm of suborbital space tourism, with Blue Origin having sold nearly $100 million worth of tickets for future passenger flights. Although the first crewed New Shepard launch was a smooth success, Blue Origin’s leadership had previously expected the rocket to begin launching people by the end of 2017.

An artist’s illustration of a New Glenn rocket standing on the launchpad in Florida.

Blue Origin

BE-4 engine test at Blue Origin’s West Texas launch facility.

Blue Origin

Blue Origin’s third major program is its stable of rocket engines, headlined by the BE-4, which will power its New Glenn rocket. The company previously said that its BE-4 engines would be “ready for flight in 2017.”

However, four years later, development issues and a lack of hardware for testing quickly mean Blue Origin has yet to deliver its first flight engines, ArsTechnica reported earlier this month. The company is pushing to have two BE-4 engines ready by the end of this year. Notably, BE-4s are important beyond Blue Origin, as ULA signed a deal to use the engines to power its Vulcan rockets, choosing Blue Origin over Aerojet Rocketdyne as its supplier. ULA is pushing to have its first Vulcan rocket ready to launch by the end of this year, and Blue Origin’s BE-4 engines are expected to be a — if not the — final piece added before launch.

Bezos has spent the majority of his time in the past two decades focused on Amazon, but along the way has steadily sold pieces of his stake in the tech giant to fund Blue Origin’s development — to the tune of $1 billion a year, or possibly more. Last month, Bezos stepped down as Amazon CEO, with many in the space industry expecting him to spend more time focusing on his space company.

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Categories
Health

New Alzheimer’s Drug Might Value the Authorities as A lot as It Spends on NASA

Es wird erwartet, dass Medicare ein neu zugelassenes Medikament zur Behandlung der Alzheimer-Krankheit in Höhe von mehreren Milliarden Dollar kosten wird. Einer Prognose zufolge könnten die Ausgaben für das Medikament für die Patienten von Medicare am Ende höher sein als die Budgets der Umweltschutzbehörde oder der NASA.

Es gibt wenig Beweise dafür, dass das Medikament Aduhelm das Fortschreiten der Demenz verlangsamt, aber die Food and Drug Administration hat es diesen Monat genehmigt. Analysten gehen davon aus, dass Medicare und seine Teilnehmer, die einen Teil ihrer Kosten für verschreibungspflichtige Medikamente zahlen, in einem einzigen Jahr 5,8 bis 29 Milliarden US-Dollar für das Medikament ausgeben werden.

„Es ist unergründlich“, sagte Tricia Neuman, geschäftsführende Direktorin des Programms zur Medicare-Politik der Kaiser Family Foundation. “Das sind verrückte Zahlen.”

Viele andere Medikamente kosten mehr als Aduhelm, das von Biogen hergestellt wird und jährlich 56.000 US-Dollar kosten wird. Der Unterschied besteht darin, dass es Millionen potenzieller Kunden gibt und das Medikament voraussichtlich über Jahre hinweg eingenommen wird.

Die Zulassung des Medikaments stößt bei Gesundheitspolitikern und Pharmaforschern auf Kritik wegen fehlender nachgewiesener Wirksamkeit. Wirksam oder nicht, wenn es allgemein verschrieben wird, könnte es einen überwältigenden Einfluss auf das Budget von Medicare haben, da das öffentliche Programm die überwiegende Mehrheit der fast sechs Millionen Amerikaner mit einer Alzheimer-Diagnose abdeckt.

Es gibt kaum einen Präzedenzfall für einen plötzlichen Ausgabenruck dieser Größenordnung. Selbst am unteren Ende der Prognosen würde Aduhelm zu einem der teuersten Medikamente von Medicare werden.

Am oberen Ende sagen Analysten, dass das neue Medikament die jährlichen Ausgaben von Medicare für Medikamente, die in Krankenhäusern und Arztpraxen geliefert werden, um 50 Prozent erhöhen könnte (wie es Aduhelm, das intravenös verabreicht wird, sein müsste).

Die Vergleiche hier sind ungefähre Angaben: Ein Drittel der Medicare-Mitglieder ist durch private Medicare Advantage-Pläne abgesichert, die keine detaillierten Informationen zu den in Arztpraxen angebotenen Medikamenten enthalten. Um diese Ausgaben zu schätzen, haben wir die Daten zu den Medikamentenausgaben der Medicare-Teilnehmer des traditionellen öffentlichen Programms verwendet und sie erhöht, um den fehlenden Anteil zu berücksichtigen.

Ausgaben in dieser Größenordnung könnten so plötzlich weitreichende Auswirkungen auf Medicare, seine Nutzer und Steuerzahler haben. Die Hinzufügung von 29 Milliarden US-Dollar ein Jahr des Medicare-Haushalts würde durch Erhöhungen sowohl der Ausgaben der Steuerzahler als auch der von allen Medicare-Nutzern gezahlten Prämien gedeckt. Die Prämien könnten auch für Zusatzpläne steigen, die viele Medicare-Leistungsempfänger kaufen, um Kosten auszugleichen, die das Programm nicht direkt bezahlt. Und die Kosten werden wahrscheinlich auf die Staatshaushalte übergreifen, wo Medicaid Prämien für einkommensschwache Medicare-Mitglieder zahlt.

Kongress, Haushaltsexperten und mehrere Weiße Häuser haben Jahre damit verbracht, Wege zur Reduzierung der Ausgaben für Medicare, einen großen und wachsenden Anteil des Bundeshaushalts, vorzuschlagen. Aber viele dieser Vorschläge sind politisch schwer zu erreichen – und die meisten würden weniger als die prognostizierten Kosten von Aduhelm einsparen.

“Es ist so viel Arbeit, Einsparungen zu erzielen, die wirklich viel kleiner sind, als dieses eine Medikament kosten würde”, sagte Joshua Gordon, der Direktor für Gesundheitspolitik beim Ausschuss für einen verantwortungsvollen Bundeshaushalt, der sagt, dass er sich ständig Gedanken über die Herausforderungen gemacht hat von Aduhelm seit seiner Zulassung erhoben.

Die Kostenprognosen variieren, da Analysten nicht sicher sind, wie viele Patienten das neue Medikament letztendlich verwenden werden. Die Zulassung der FDA könnte für jeden gelten, bei dem Alzheimer diagnostiziert wurde – etwa sechs Millionen Menschen. Das Medikament wurde jedoch für eine kleinere Gruppe von rund 1,5 Millionen Patienten entwickelt, die sich im Frühstadium der Krankheit befinden. Analysten sind sich noch nicht sicher, wem Ärzte die Behandlung empfehlen und welche Familien sie ausprobieren möchten. Die FDA hat Biogen gebeten, das Medikament bis 2030 weiter zu untersuchen, aber die Verschreibung könnte weit verbreitet werden, bevor weitere öffentliche Ergebnisse darüber vorliegen, wie gut es wirkt.

Allison Parks, eine Sprecherin von Biogen, sagte in einer E-Mail, dass sich das Unternehmen darauf konzentrieren werde, die Art von Patienten zu erreichen, die in den klinischen Studien des Unternehmens untersucht wurden, „im frühen symptomatischen Stadium der Krankheit“.

Aktualisiert

21. Juni 2021, 20:11 Uhr ET

Die Bandbreite spiegelt eine Vielzahl von angemessenen Expertenschätzungen wider. Die hohe Schätzung, die sich auf ein Kaiser-Papier stützt, geht davon aus, dass etwa ein Viertel der zwei Millionen Medicare-Eingeschriebenen, die derzeit eine Alzheimer-Behandlung erhalten, diese einnehmen werden. Der niedrige Wert basiert auf einer Schätzung der Analysten von Cowen and Company von einem Gesamtumsatz von 7 Milliarden US-Dollar bis 2023.

Es ist schwierig abzuschätzen, wie viele Patienten das Medikament einnehmen werden. Aduhelm ist nicht nur teuer, sondern auch etwas schwer einzunehmen und erfordert monatliche persönliche Besuche in einem Infusionszentrum zur Behandlung. Patienten, die es einnehmen, müssen während ihrer Behandlungen mehrere Gehirnscans durchführen, um nach Nebenwirkungen zu suchen.

Und die Nebenwirkungen selbst – etwa 40 Prozent der Patienten in einer klinischen Studie zeigten Anzeichen einer Hirnschwellung – können einige Patienten davon abhalten, das Medikament auszuprobieren, und andere dazu veranlassen, die Einnahme abzubrechen. (Die vielen Scans – und Behandlungen für schwerwiegendere Nebenwirkungen – würden auch von Medicare abgedeckt.)

Es gibt sechs Millionen Medicare-Angehörige, die keine Zusatzversicherung abschließen, die möglicherweise 20 Prozent der Arzneimittelkosten bezahlen müssen, in diesem Fall 11.200 USD pro Jahr.

Dennoch kann die Nachfrage von Familien groß sein, die angesichts einer verheerenden Diagnose eine Möglichkeit sehen, einzugreifen. Bisher gab es nur wenige Behandlungsmöglichkeiten für Patienten, die hoffen, den kognitiven Rückgang durch die Krankheit zu verhindern.

„Es ist schon an sich schwer, einen geliebten Menschen zu haben, die Uhr ticken zu sehen und zu sagen: Nun, lass uns einfach warten“, sagte Dr. Steven Pearson, Hausarzt und Präsident des Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER). ). „Es ist sehr schwer, den Drang zu ignorieren, etwas zu tun.“

Bidens Haushalt 202222

    • Ein neues Jahr, ein neues Budget: Das Geschäftsjahr 2022 für die Bundesregierung beginnt am 1. Oktober, und Präsident Biden hat bekannt gegeben, was er ab diesem Zeitpunkt ausgeben möchte. Aber jede Ausgabe erfordert die Zustimmung beider Kammern des Kongresses.
    • Ambitionierte Gesamtausgaben: Präsident Biden möchte, dass die Bundesregierung im Fiskaljahr 2022 6 Billionen US-Dollar ausgibt und die Gesamtausgaben bis 2031 auf 8,2 Billionen US-Dollar steigen. Dies würde die Vereinigten Staaten auf den höchsten anhaltenden Stand der Bundesausgaben seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg bringen, während sie laufen Defizite von über 1,3 Billionen US-Dollar in den nächsten zehn Jahren.
    • Infrastrukturplan: Das Budget skizziert das gewünschte erste Jahr der Investition des Präsidenten in seinen American Jobs Plan, der darauf abzielt, Verbesserungen von Straßen, Brücken, öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln und mehr mit insgesamt 2,3 Milliarden US-Dollar über acht Jahre zu finanzieren.
    • Familienplan: Das Budget befasst sich auch mit dem anderen wichtigen Ausgabenvorschlag, den Biden bereits eingeführt hat, seinem American Families Plan, der darauf abzielt, das soziale Sicherheitsnetz der Vereinigten Staaten zu stärken, indem der Zugang zu Bildung erweitert, die Kosten für Kinderbetreuung gesenkt und Frauen in der Arbeitswelt unterstützt werden.
    • Pflichtprogramme: Wie üblich machen obligatorische Ausgaben für Programme wie Social Security, Medicaid und Medicare einen erheblichen Teil des vorgeschlagenen Budgets aus. Sie wachsen, während die Bevölkerung Amerikas altert.
    • Ermessensausgaben: Die Mittel für die einzelnen Budgets der Agenturen und Programme der Exekutive würden im Jahr 2022 rund 1,5 Billionen US-Dollar erreichen, eine Steigerung um 16 Prozent gegenüber dem vorherigen Budget.
    • Wie Biden dafür bezahlen würde: Der Präsident würde seine Agenda weitgehend durch Steuererhöhungen für Unternehmen und Gutverdiener finanzieren, was in den 2030er Jahren beginnen würde, die Haushaltsdefizite zu verringern. Verwaltungsbeamte sagten, Steuererhöhungen würden die Beschäftigungs- und Familienpläne im Laufe von 15 Jahren vollständig ausgleichen, was der Haushaltsantrag unterstützt. In der Zwischenzeit würde das Haushaltsdefizit jedes Jahr über 1,3 Billionen US-Dollar bleiben.

Ärzte, die dieses Medikament verabreichen und für diese Arbeit einen Prozentsatz des hohen Preises des Medikaments von Medicare erhalten, könnten finanzielle Anreize haben, Ja zu sagen, wenn Patienten danach fragen.

“Die Auswirkungen dieses einen Medikaments und der damit verbundenen Verfahren sind enorm”, sagte Rachel Sachs, Rechtsprofessorin an der Washington University in St. Louis und Autorin eines kürzlich in The Atlantic erschienenen Essays, in dem behauptet wird, dass das Medikament “die amerikanische Gesundheit verletzen” könnte Pflege.”

Private Versicherer können Hindernisse für die Behandlung errichten, die von Patienten zusätzliche Tests verlangen oder nachweisen, dass andere Optionen nicht funktioniert haben. Unter normalen Umständen deckt Medicare jedoch Medikamente ab, die von der FDA zugelassen sind. Medicare entscheidet, welche Medikamente abgedeckt werden, basierend darauf, ob sie „angemessen und notwendig“ sind, nicht auf deren Kosten.

Medicare ist verpflichtet, diese Art von Arzneimitteln zunächst zum Listenpreis zuzüglich einer Gebühr von 3 Prozent an den behandelnden Arzt zu zahlen. Und dann, nach etwa einem Jahr auf dem Markt, zahlt es den durchschnittlichen Verkaufspreis plus 6 Prozent. Bei Arzneimitteln mit Konkurrenz kann dieser Durchschnittspreis erheblich unter dem Aufkleberpreis liegen. Aber für ein Medikament wie Aduhelm, das das erste seiner Art ist, darf der Arzneimittelhersteller Ärzten keine Rabatte anbieten.

Medicare, das 61 Millionen Amerikaner ab 65 Jahren abdeckt, hat einige Instrumente, um die Kosten einzudämmen. Es könnte beschließen, das Medikament in einer Weise abzudecken, die eingeschränkter als die FDA-Zulassung ist, eine Abweichung von seiner normalen Praxis.

Oder es könnte etwas noch Ungewöhnlicheres tun: Eine unerwartete Allianz von Befürwortern hat vorgeschlagen, dass Medicare das Medikament einem randomisierten Experiment unterzieht, um zu bewerten, wie gut es wirkt – in einigen Teilen des Landes bezahlen sie für die Abdeckung des Medikaments, in anderen jedoch nicht. Solche politischen Experimente wurden im Rahmen des Affordable Care Act genehmigt, aber noch nie wurde eines verwendet, um die Abdeckung eines Medikaments auf diese Weise einzuschränken.

Andere Länder werden höchstwahrscheinlich die Kosten von Aduhelm kontrollieren, indem sie mit Biogen über einen niedrigeren Preis verhandeln oder einfach den Kauf ablehnen. Die meisten werden die Wirksamkeit des Medikaments berücksichtigen, wenn sie entscheiden, was sie zu zahlen bereit sind. Bisher ist das Medikament nirgendwo sonst auf der Welt zugelassen.

Medicare kann das nicht. Aufgrund der Art und Weise, wie sie nach geltendem Recht für Medikamente bezahlt, hat sie keine Möglichkeit, den Preis herunterzuhandeln. Demokraten unterstützen zunehmend Gesetze, die dies ändern. Das Repräsentantenhaus verabschiedete 2019 ein Gesetz, das Medicare die Befugnis geben würde, einige Preise auszuhandeln, aber es starb im Senat. Im April brachten die Gesetzgeber den gleichen Gesetzentwurf wieder ins Repräsentantenhaus ein.

Präsident Biden unterstützt es, Medicare die Aushandlung von Medikamentenpreisen zu ermöglichen, hat die Richtlinie jedoch nicht in seinen vorgeschlagenen amerikanischen Familienplan aufgenommen.

Dr. Pearson von ICER schätzt, dass, wenn die Wirksamkeit des neuen Medikaments berücksichtigt würde, ein fairer Preis 2.500 bis 8.300 US-Dollar betragen würde.

“Es wird interessant sein zu sehen, ob dies eine Diskussion über faire Preise in den Vereinigten Staaten auslöst”, sagte er. “In den Augen der meisten Leute sieht dies wie ein hervorragendes Beispiel für einen Preis aus, der einfach nicht mit den Beweisen übereinstimmt.”

Methodik: Die geschätzten aktuellen Ausgaben für Medicare-Teil-B-Medikamente wurden vom Centers for Medicare- und Medicaid-Services-Teil-B-Drogenausgaben-Dashboard entnommen und um 54 Prozent angehoben, um Medicare-Leistungsempfänger zu berücksichtigen, die in Medicare Advantage-Plänen eingeschrieben sind. Aufgrund der Demografie, wer an welchem ​​Programm teilnimmt, kann diese Annahme die aktuellen Drogenausgaben überschätzen.)

Die Medikamentenausgaben von Medicare Teil D wurden direkt aus dem CMS Teil D-Drogenausgaben-Dashboard entnommen und stellen möglicherweise eine Überschätzung dar, da diese Zahlen nicht alle an Medikamentenpläne gezahlten Rabatte enthalten.

Die hohe Schätzung der Ausgaben von Aduhelm stammt aus einem Papier der Kaiser Family Foundation. Die niedrige Schätzung wird aus einer Gesamtumsatzschätzung von Cowen and Company abgeleitet und angepasst, um schätzungsweise 80 Prozent der Alzheimer-Patienten zu Beginn ihrer Krankheit zu berücksichtigen, die sich in Medicare eingeschrieben haben – und Medicares anfängliche Zahlung von 3 Prozent an Ärzte für Gemeinkosten und Verwaltung.

Categories
Business

Lockheed Martin and Common Motors accomplice for NASA lunar rover

Lockheed Martin and General Motors are working together to develop a new type of lunar vehicle for NASA to be used on their upcoming Artemis missions to the moon, the companies said on Wednesday.

“Surface mobility is critical to long-term exploration of the lunar surface. These next-generation rovers will dramatically extend the range of astronauts,” Lockheed Martin executive vice president Rick Ambrose said in a statement.

Earlier this year, NASA announced to companies that it needed “a human-class rover that would extend the exploration range of” astronauts during missions for the agency’s Artemis program. NASA’s program, announced by the administration of former President Donald Trump and continued under President Joe Biden, consists of several missions to the orbit and surface of the moon over the coming years.

NASA’s request for a next-generation lunar vehicle indicated that a variety of cutting-edge technologies should be deployed, including electric vehicle systems, autonomous driving, and dangerous terrain capabilities.

GM has previously built such a vehicle as the company was the largest subcontractor helping Boeing develop the lunar vehicle, which was used on the moon during three Apollo missions.

Apollo 16 astronaut John Young drives NASA’s Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) at Descartes’ landing site on the moon on April 21, 1972.

Charles Duke | NASA

While NASA’s previous rover was able to go nearly around the moon at nearly six miles an hour, it traveled less than five miles from the Apollo landing site.

Lockheed Martin said his next-generation lunar all-terrain vehicle was “designed to travel significantly greater distances to aid in the early excursions of the moon’s south pole, where it’s cold and dark with rougher terrain.”

– CNBC’s Mike Wayland contributed to this story.

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Categories
Business

Blue Origin Challenges NASA Over SpaceX Moon Lander Deal

Mr Smith said Blue Origin would make bids for a future competition. But he added, “The idea that we will be able to restore competition with something that is currently completely undefined and completely unfunded makes little sense to us.”

When Bill Nelson, a former Florida Senator whom President Biden has appointed as NASA’s next administrator, testified at a confirmation hearing last week, Senator Maria Cantwell, Democrat of Washington and chairman of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, was petitioned him to undertake to present a plan to Congress on how NASA would ensure commercial competition under the lunar lander program.

“I do,” said Mr. Nelson. “The competition is always good.”

Mr Smith said NASA has hired more than one company in the past with programs similar to space station missions, despite a lack of security for future budgets.

The Blue Origin-led offering was more than double that of SpaceX at $ 6.0 billion. But Mr Smith said NASA had returned to SpaceX and negotiated the price of their proposal, despite not having had similar conversations with the other two teams.

“We haven’t had a chance to revise and that’s basically unfair,” said Mr Smith.

Less than $ 9 billion would have paid for two landers, and that’s comparable to the $ 8.3 billion cost of the commercial occupation program that now enables transportation to the space station, the protest argued.

“NASA receives great value from these proposals,” said Smith.

The evaluations of the offers by NASA resulted in evaluations of the technical aspects of the proposals by Blue Origin and SpaceX as “acceptable”. The rating of Dynetics was lower and was “marginal”. SpaceX’s management was rated “excellent” while Blue Origin and its partners, as well as Dynetics, were rated “very good”.

Mr Smith said NASA misjudged aspects of its proposal such as the communications system and redundancy in guidance and navigation as vulnerabilities. He also said it downplayed the risks in SpaceX’s design, such as the need to refuel Starship in orbit, which has never been attempted before.

Categories
Business

SpaceX’s Crew-2 mission for NASA launches efficiently, reaches orbit

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the astronauts from the Crew 2 mission will launch on April 23, 2021 at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida from Launch Complex 39A.

GREGG NEWTON | AFP | Getty Images

SpaceX launched another group of astronauts for NASA early Friday morning. Elon Musk’s company has now sent 10 astronauts into space in less than a year.

The Crew 2 mission, the company’s second operational mission for NASA and the third to date, successfully reached orbit after being launched at 5:49 a.m. ET from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket brought the four astronauts into space in the company’s Crew Dragon spaceship called “Endeavor”.

The launch marked several new novelties for SpaceX, with the company reusing both a rocket and capsule for the mission, surpassing the total number of astronauts launched into space under the Mercury program, which began in 1958.

“It was just spectacular,” said acting NASA administrator Steve Jurczyk after the start of the Crew 2 mission. “Our partnership with SpaceX has been enormous.”

SpaceX’s Crew Dragon capsule with NASA astronauts Shane Kimbrough and Megan McArthur, Japanese astronaut Akihiko Hoshide and French astronaut Thomas Pesquet is now on its way to the International Space Station. The mission is scheduled to dock with the ISS approximately 24 hours after takeoff around 5:10 a.m. EDT on Saturday. The Crew 2 team will then conduct a full-term mission on the ISS and spend approximately six months on board.

After launch, SpaceX also landed the booster of its Falcon 9 rocket, the large lower part of the rocket. This Falcon 9 rocket booster previously launched the Crew 1 mission in November, and SpaceX plans to continue using it for future missions.

Categories
World News

Glynn S. Lunney Dies at 84; Oversaw NASA Flights From Mission Management

Glynn S. Lunney, NASA’s flight director, who played an important role in the American space program and was hailed for his leadership role in the rescue of three Apollo 13 astronauts when their spacecraft was rocked by an explosion on its way to the moon in 1970, died on March 19 at his home in Clear Lake, Texas. He was 84 years old.

The cause was stomach cancer, said his son Shawn.

Mr. Lunney (rhymes with “sunny”), who joined NASA in 1958 and became its chief flight director in 1968, worked outside of mission control in Houston developing the sophisticated procedures for the flight of Apollo 11 and sent Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on their groundbreaking flight Journey to the moon in July 1969.

He led the mission in July 1975, during which an Apollo spacecraft with three astronauts docked with a Russian Soyuz spacecraft with two men. Each vehicle carried equipment that would one day allow another connection if an international rescue mission were needed. The Americans and Russians conducted joint experiments and exchanged commemorative gifts, which became a step towards cooperation between nations in space aboard the International Space Station.

But Mr. Lunney was particularly remembered for his takeover efforts in the dramatic rescue of Apollo 13 astronauts James L. Lovell Jr., Fred W. Haise Jr., and John L. Swigert Jr.

Together with three other flight directors and numerous NASA scientists and astronauts in the command center, he worked out the complex plan that would enable them to return to Earth.

Mr. Lunney looked back on the effort as “the best job I ever did or could hope for”.

“We’ve built a quarter of a million-mile highway, paved by decision, choice, and innovation after another, and repeated for nearly four days to get the crew home safely,” he recalled in an Oral NASA history interview.

“This space highway led the crippled ship back to planet Earth, where people from every continent came together in support of these three endangered explorers. It was an inspiring and emotional feeling that reminded us again of our common humanity. “

Since the astronauts’ command module had been crippled by the explosion, mission control instructed them to use their undamaged lunar lander as a lifeboat to carry them home.

The lander was originally designed to descend from the orbiting Apollo 13 ship to the moon with Mr. Swigert on board, and then return to the mothership with Mr. Lovell and Mr. Haise to travel home. But the Houston ground team, working under heavy time pressure and with no blueprint for this kind of exertion, improvised a way for them to get a safe impact in the Pacific huddled in the lunar lander.

Mr. Lunney was among the NASA officials who received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from Richard M. Nixon to the rescue. In the 1995 film “Apollo 13”, Marc McClure played Mr. Lunney.

Glynn Stephen Lunney was born on November 27, 1936 in Old Forge, Pennsylvania to William Lunney, a miner and welder, and Helen Glynn Lunney.

As a teenager, Glynn was fascinated by flight and filled his room with model airplanes. He graduated from the University of Detroit (now the University of Detroit Mercy) with a degree in aerospace engineering after serving on a collaborative program in which he spent the time between his studies and working for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the Forerunner of NASA, split.

He became a protégé of Christopher C. Kraft Jr., NASA’s first chief flight director.

Mr. Lunney was the space agency’s fourth flight director. In this role, he was responsible for leading teams of air traffic controllers, research and engineering professionals, and support professionals around the world who make decisions during spaceflight.

Among the numerous successes of his NASA career, Mr. Lunney was senior flight director for Apollo 7, the first crewed Apollo flight, and Apollo 10, the dress rehearsal for the first moon landing.

He retired from NASA in 1985 as manager of the space shuttle program, but continued to lead human space operations through senior positions in private industry.

In addition to his son Shawn, Mr. Lunney survived his wife, Marilyn Jean (Kurtz) Lunney, who was a nurse at a forerunner NASA research center. two other sons, Glynn Jr. and Bryan; his daughter Jenifer Brayley; his brothers Bill and Gerry; his sister Carol; and 12 grandchildren.

Astronaut Ken Mattingly, who was supposed to fly on the Apollo 13 mission but was removed from it after being exposed to German measles, was one of the many space agency figures working on the plan to rescue the Apollo 13 astronauts.

He remembered how, immediately after the explosion, “nobody knew what the hell was going on”.

“And Glynn came in, took over this mess,” he recalled in “Voices From the Moon” (2009), an astronaut oral history followed by Andrew Chaikin and Victoria Kohl.

“And he just calmed the situation down,” Mattingly said. “I’ve never seen such an exceptional example of leadership in my entire career. Absolutely great.

“No wartime general or admiral could ever be more splendid than Glynn that night,” he added. “He and he alone brought all the scared people together.”

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NASA Industrial LEO Locations challenge for personal house stations

SpaceX’s crew Dragon Endeavor was docked with the International Space Station on July 1, 2020.

NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration brought astronauts aboard the International Space Station for two decades last year. However, as the floating research laboratory ages, the space agency is turning to private companies to build and deploy new free-flying habitats in near-earth orbit.

Last week NASA presented the Commercial LEO Destinations (CLD) project. In the fourth quarter of 2021, a total of up to four companies are expected to receive up to $ 400 million to begin developing private space stations.

The agency is keen to replicate the success of its Commercial Cargo and Commercial Crew programs. In these programs, three companies took over NASA to send cargo and astronauts to the International Space Station.

NASA’s LEO commercial director Phil McAlister said he views the domain of low-earth orbit as three main activities: “cargo transportation, crew transportation, and destinations.” NASA has transferred responsibility for the two earlier activities to private companies. The agency pays SpaceX and Northrop Grumman to ship cargo spacecraft to the ISS and SpaceX and Boeing to launch astronauts. McAlister stressed that NASA had previously taken full ownership of all three activities.

“If it stayed that way, our near-earth orbit efforts would always be limited by the size of NASA’s budget,” McAlister said in a briefing Tuesday. “By bringing the private sector into these areas and into these areas as a supplier and user, you expand the pot and you have more people in low orbit.”

NASA will open the International Space Station to tourists with the first mission in 2020.

Stocktrek Pictures | Getty Images

NASA’s potential cost savings as a space station user, rather than as an owner and operator, is a major motivator for the CLD program. The International Space Station costs NASA about $ 4 billion a year to operate. In addition, it cost a total of $ 150 billion to develop and build the ISS, with NASA taking most of that bill, while Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada each contributed.

NASA estimated last year that the commercial crew program alone saved the agency between $ 20 billion and $ 30 billion while funding the development of two, not just one, spacecraft. While Boeing has not yet completed development testing and has suffered a prolonged setback after the Starliner capsule’s initial launch failed due to multiple anomalies in December 2019, SpaceX’s Crew Dragon spacecraft is now operationally flying NASA astronauts.

Another motivator for starting the CLD program is the aging hardware of the ISS, as much of the space station’s core structures were made in the 1990s and the final print structure was added in 2011. Last year Russian cosmonauts were working to fix a small air leak in a room in a station module.

“The ISS is an amazing system, but unfortunately it won’t last forever,” said McAlister. “An unrecoverable anomaly can occur at any time.”

NASA sees the CLD program as a way to get multiple companies to develop and build new habitats over the next few years so that the agency has an overlap period before the ISS retires. McAlister noted that in addition to the CLD program, NASA awarded space specialist Axiom Space a $ 140 million contract to build modules to expand the ISS. When the ISS retires, Axiom plans to take its modules down and convert them into a free-flying space station.

“We’re making progress there and we’re really excited about it,” said McAlister. “We want to have competition in the utility sector, so that’s what we do [CLD]. It has always been part of our plan to have both modules installed and free leaflets. “

An Axiom spokesman said in a statement to CNBC that the company “broadly supports NASA’s vision of a multifaceted economy in LEO”.

“We are raising private funding to design and develop our world’s first commercial target to demonstrate that true commercial leadership can advance the LEO economy. Building the Axiom Station as an extension of the International Space Station will expand the work that at station in the near future and at best allow a timely and seamless transition when the ISS reaches the end of its life, “said Axiom.

A NASA list of organizations registered for the briefing revealed a wide variety of aerospace companies including: Airbus US, Blue Origin, Boeing, Collins Aerospace, Firefly Aerospace, General Dynamics, Ispace, Lockheed Martin, Moog, Nanoracks , Northrop Grumman, Raytheon, Redwire Space, RUAG Space, Sierra Nevada Corporation, SpaceX, Virgin Galactic, Virgin Orbit, Voyager Space Holdings, and York Space Systems.

One of these companies has already announced that it will soon announce its plan for a free-flying space station. Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) announced that it will host a virtual press conference on March 31st to unveil the design of the “SNC Space Station”.

NASA will release a final announcement for CLD proposals in May. The first phase of the promotional awards is expected between October and December. NASA’s Johnson Space Center will manage the CLD program through its commercial LEO development office.

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NASA rover Perseverance lands on Mars

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TO UPDATE: NASA successful landed his Perseverance rover on the surface of Mars. Read more about it here.

NASA is hours away from its most ambitious Mars mission to date. The US space agency will attempt to land the Perseverance rover after a journey of more than six months on the red planet.

Perseverance was built by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California and is the fifth and most technologically advanced rover the agency plans to deploy on the surface of Mars for nearly two years. The rover and its spaceship are equipped with two dozen cameras to capture its expedition. The robot is full of scientific instruments to measure the geology of the planet – and hopefully collect samples that NASA hopes to return to Earth one day.

“Mars stimulates our imaginations and has been part of our dreams for many decades. The persistence balances the long history of systematic science-driven exploration of Mars,” said Dr. Thomas Zurbuchen, Deputy Administrator of NASA’s Directorate for Scientific Missions, in a briefing before landing.

The rover is scheduled to touch the surface at around 3:55 p.m. ET.

Since launching on a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket on July 30, Perseverance has traveled 293 million miles to reach Mars. The rover is about the size of a small car, weighs about a ton in total, and is 10 feet long by 9 feet wide by seven feet tall. It has a robotic arm that is about 7 feet long, the end of which has a robotic hand that has a camera, chemical analyzer, and rock drill.

“We want to land on Mars … and with the cameras turned on so that the whole world is inspired by us,” said Zurbuchen.

The landing will include what NASA engineers call the “Seven Minutes of Terror”. This is the time it takes to enter the Martian atmosphere and descend to the surface. It is known as such because it takes 11 minutes for communication to occur from the rover back to Earth. This means that the spacecraft and the rover have to land autonomously for the time delay.

An animation of the Mars rover Perseverance entering the atmosphere of the red planet in a protective spaceship.

NASA / JPL-Caltech

Erisa Stilley, co-head of entry, descent and landing systems at NASA’s JPL, explained how the landing process is carefully coordinated after the rover has come through the atmosphere.

“Once the persistence on the parachute drops, we can now let go of the heat shield that protected us on entering and for the first time. [autonomously] Turn on the radar and look at the ground, “Stilley said in a pre-landing briefing.

Perseverance then uses a map on board and searches an area of ​​property worth about 120 soccer fields on the surface to find the safest place to land.

“That happens in the 2.4 seconds it takes endurance to send commands to separate from the rear hull and free fall,” said Stilley.

“When we have this knowledge and we are done with our free fall, we will fire the missiles,” added Stilley. “We’re going from 170 mph to about two at this point [miles per hour] while we slow down and prepare for the ‘sky crane’ maneuver. “

Persistence will take photos in entry time, which Stilley said NASA is hoping to “produce some images we’ve never seen before”.

This illustration shows the events in the final minutes of the nearly seven-month journey NASA’s Perseverance rover makes to Mars

NASA / JPL-Caltech

The rover wants to land in the Jezero crater, a 45 km wide basin in the northern hemisphere of Mars. It’s a place NASA believes a body of water the size of Lake Tahoe was flowing. NASA’s science team is hoping that the ancient river delta may have received organic molecules and other potential signs of microbial life that Perseverance will attempt to detect with its instruments.

NASA invested around $ 2.4 billion to build and launch the Perseverance mission. Another 300 million US dollars are to land and operate the rover on the surface of Mars.

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