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Health

Singapore to start out easing Covid restrictions as day by day infections fall

A woman wearing a face mask as a prevention against Covid-19 walks along the promenade at Marina Bay in Singapore on May 9th, 2020.

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SINGAPORE – The Singapore government announced on Thursday that it would ease restrictions on Covid as the number of daily infections has decreased.

The Southeast Asian country tightened social distancing measures last month to curb a surge in local Covid-19 infections. These measures, which included eating out and small social gatherings, had been in place since mid-May.

Starting Monday, Singapore allows social gatherings of five people – an increase from the current two-person limit.

Restrictions on event attendees and operating capacity in places like public libraries and museums will also be relaxed, the government said.

We need to learn to live with the virus and then do our best to minimize transmission and minimize the risk of large clusters breaking out.

Lawrence Wong

Singapore Finance Minister

From June 21st, the restrictions will be further relaxed. Activities such as dining out and some mask-off activities in gyms and gyms are allowed to resume with some social distancing measures.

However, working from home remains the standard for those who can, the government said.

Local infections in Singapore have dropped to single digits in the past few days. Overall, the country has reported more than 62,000 cases since the beginning of last year, with 34 deaths on Wednesday, data from the health ministry showed.

However, Treasury Secretary Lawrence Wong, co-chair of Singapore’s Covid Task Force, said the country must be ready to see more cases as it opens. He added that the country needs to continue its vaccination and testing efforts to curb high rates of infection within the community.

“We will have to learn to live with the virus and then do our best to minimize transmission and minimize the risk of large clusters breaking out,” Wong said at a media briefing on Thursday.

Vaccination progress

Around 2.5 million people have received at least one dose of the Covid-19 vaccine, according to Singapore. That’s about 40% of the population.

Starting Friday, the country will allow people ages 12 to 39 to register for a vaccination.

Wong said Singapore aims to have 50% of its population fully vaccinated by August. By October, that number would hit 75% or more, he added.

Health Minister Ong Ye Kung said people who were vaccinated and who got Covid-19 had fewer severe symptoms than people without the vaccination.

Ong said that of all cases since April 11, about 9% of unvaccinated, infected people needed supplemental oxygen or intensive care. Less than 1% of fully vaccinated people who were infected needed supplemental oxygen or critical care, he added.

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World News

Infections Rise in Mongolia, The place Sinopharm Is the Essential Vaccine

Coronavirus cases are surging in Mongolia, where more than half the population is fully vaccinated, prompting a new focus on the effectiveness of its main vaccine, developed by China’s Sinopharm.

Mongolia reported 1,312 new cases of the coronavirus on Wednesday as the country’s total infections neared 70,000, almost all recorded since January. New daily infections have risen more than 70 percent in the past two weeks, according to a New York Times database.

The landlocked nation has emerged as an outlier in the global scramble for vaccines among developing nations, securing enough doses for its eligible population thanks to its strategic location between Russia and China — two vaccine manufacturing giants with global ambitions. Mongolia has signed deals for 4.3 million doses of the Sinopharm vaccine and one million doses of Russia’s Sputnik V vaccine, although only 60,000 Sputnik doses have arrived so far.

Chinese vaccines, such as the ones made by Sinopharm and another company, Sinovac, use inactivated coronaviruses to trigger an immune response in the body. They have been shown in studies to be less effective than the vaccines developed by the pharmaceutical companies Pfizer and Moderna, which use newer mRNA technology.

Sinopharm’s vaccine initially came under scrutiny because of a lack of transparency in its late-stage trial data. The vaccine faced more questions after the island nation of the Seychelles, which relied heavily on Sinopharm to inoculate its population, also saw a spike in cases, although most people did not become seriously ill.

“Inactivated vaccines like Sinovac and Sinopharm are not as effective against infection but very effective against severe disease,” said Ben Cowling, an epidemiologist and biostatistician at the University of Hong Kong School of Public Health.

“Although Mongolia seems to be having a spike in infections and cases, my expectation is that there won’t be large number of hospitalizations,” he added.

And some virus variants may spread fast enough to cause concern even in countries where much of the population has vaccinations effective against them: Britain is dealing with a rise in cases linked to the Delta variant, despite having more than half of its adult population fully vaccinated, largely with shots from AstraZeneca and Pfizer.

Still, the wave of infections has raised questions in Mongolia over why the government relied on the Sinopharm shots instead of a vaccine proven to be more effective. It came as Mongolians headed to the polls on Wednesday to vote for president, the first election since the constitution was amended to limit the president to one six-year term. The prime minister is the head of government and holds executive power.

A year ago, Mongolia was among the few countries in the world that boasted no local coronavirus cases, but an outbreak in November changed that. A political crisis ensued and protests over perceived mishandling of the outbreak led the prime minister to resign in January.

The new prime minister, Oyun-Erdene Luvsannamsrai, has promised to revive a flagging economy and end social distancing restrictions that have hurt businesses. A fresh wave of cases could threaten this pledge.

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Business

F.D.A. Approves New Drug to Deal with Vaginal Yeast Infections

The Food and Drug Administration on Tuesday approved a new drug to treat a vaginal yeast infection, which is particularly common in pregnant women who take birth control pills or take antibiotics.

The drug Brexafemme (Ibrexafungerp) manufactured by SCYNEXIS is a one-day oral treatment and the first in a new class of triterpenoid antifungal drugs. The company said the new drug will kill candida – the yeast that can cause infection.

The standard oral drug diflucan (fluconazole) inhibits the growth of yeast, but does not kill it.

But the treatment would most likely not initially be prescribed for common vaginal yeast infections. Dr. David Angulo, the company’s chief medical officer, estimated the drug’s list price at $ 350-450 for the four-tablet treatment. In comparison, GoodRx lists the average retail price of fluconazole at $ 29.81.

He said Brexafemme is approved as a first-line treatment but could also be prescribed to patients whose infections don’t go away easily.

“There is nothing new that can be offered to patients who cannot tolerate it, do not respond well or develop resistance,” said Dr. Angulo.

Dr. Sumathi Nambiar, director of the FDA’s anti-infectives division, said, “This approval of a new antifungal drug provides an additional treatment option for patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis or vaginal or vulvar yeast infections, and represents another step forward in the FDA’s overall effort to be safe and effective To ensure antifungal drugs are available to patients. “

Dr. Denise Jamieson, Chair of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Emory University School of Medicine, said she wasn’t sure the new drug was needed.

“I don’t see any tremendous resistance,” she said. “I can’t really tell if this will be a great addition or not. It is always helpful to have another option and then you have to consider things like costs and tolerances. “

According to Dr. Angulo, in a clinical study used in support of the application, showed 50 percent effectiveness – that is, a complete elimination of all signs and symptoms – 10 days after treatment and 60 percent 25 days after treatment. The other study showed 64 percent effectiveness on day 10 and 73 percent on day 25.

Dr. Michael Carome, director of the Public Citizen’s Health Research Group, was not impressed with the FDA’s approval of Brexafemme.

“This drug is not necessary and few women should need it,” said Dr. Carome. “Fluconazole is very cheap and generally very effective. The cost of this is simply outrageous.

The FDA requires SCYNEXIS to conduct several post-marketing studies, including one to assess the risks to pregnant women, the developing fetus, and newborns; and another to study how much of the product passes into the breast milk of breastfeeding women.

The drug will hit the market later this year.

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Health

CDC Will Not Examine Delicate Infections in Vaccinated People

She still hasn’t returned to her daily three-mile runs with her dog because of shortness of breath. “I’m young, 43, healthy, with no pre-existing conditions, but you can often find me now resting on the couch,” said Ms. Cohn.

“Don’t people want to know about it?” She asked. “Where do people like me go? What happens next? Practitioners in my life have been shocked and are trying to figure out how to move forward, but there are so many questions. And if nobody studies that, there are no answers. “

Another reason not all breakthrough infections are tracked is that they are unlikely to result in further spread of the virus. However, the scientific evidence for this is inconclusive, say some experts.

At Rockefeller University, which regularly tests students and staff for the coronavirus on its New York City campus, breakthrough infections were found in two women who were fully vaccinated and developed robust immune responses after inoculation, according to a study published in The New England Journal of Medicine.

Both vaccinated women, a 51-year-old and a 65-year-old, developed mild symptoms of Covid-19; Viral sequencing revealed that they were infected with variants. “One of the people had an extraordinarily high viral load,” said Dr. Robert B. Darnell, an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and senior author of the newspaper.

The patient is not known to have passed the disease on to others, he said. Even so, he said, “She had twice the transmittable viral load in a pindrop of saliva.”

Diana Berrent, founder of the Survivor Corps, a group of people with Covid-19, has called for a national registry of all people with Covid-19 to be set up, including those with mild and asymptomatic cases, in order to collect as much data as possible for future research .

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Health

Fauci says Covid infections are lowering in all 50 states

Dr. Anthony Fauci, Director at the National Institute for Allergies and Infectious Diseases, speaks during a press conference with Press Secretary Jen Psaki at the White House in Washington, USA, on April 13, 2021.

Tom Brenner | Reuters

Dr. White House chief medical officer Anthony Fauci said Wednesday that Covid-19 infections are decreasing in every state in the United States

“All 50 states have now seen declines in infection rates,” Fauci said in an interview with Axios, suggesting the widespread declines would make it safer for Americans to resume activities such as indoor dining.

The US reports an average of 31,200 new cases per day over the past week, data from Johns Hopkins University shows. This corresponds to a decrease of 18% compared to the previous week. Case numbers have been falling since the country’s last peak about a month ago in mid-April, when the country recorded more than 71,000 cases per day.

Fauci did not provide the length of time over what period these declines in state-level infections have occurred. A CNBC analysis of the Johns Hopkins data shows the average daily caseload in 40 states has decreased by 5% or more over the past week.

The data is murky in some places, such as Alabama, where Johns Hopkins says the number of cases has been released in recent days, making the latest trend difficult to interpret.

Fauci’s statement suggests that the outbreak is weakening across the country, rather than being more confined to a particular state or region responsible for the decline in numbers.

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Health

Pictures present the lethal toll as infections high 17 million

A health worker wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) carries a patient suffering from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in front of the emergency room of Guru Teg Bahadur hospital in New Delhi, India, on April 24, 2021.

Adnan Abidi | Reuters

India has reported a record number of coronavirus cases for the fifth consecutive year, with a second wave marginalizing its healthcare system.

Around 352,991 new cases of Covid-19 have been reported in the past 24 hours, with India’s total number of infections exceeding 17 million, with 5 million cases counted in April alone. At least 2,182 people have died from the virus in the past 24 hours, bringing the South Asian nation’s death toll to over 195,000, although media reports suggest the official number is underestimated.

Before the second wave, India reported an average of around 10,000 new cases per day. The government has been criticized for allowing religious festivals and election campaigns to take place this year.

India’s hospitals are running out of beds and suffering from an extreme lack of oxygen when treating patients.

A patient sits in an ambulance waiting to be admitted to a Covid hospital for treatment

A patient with breathing problems is seen in an ambulance waiting to be admitted to a COVID-19 hospital for treatment while coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spreads in Ahmedabad, India on April 20, 2021.

Amit Dave | Reuters

A man runs past the burning pyre of those who died from Covid

A man runs past the burning pyre of those who have died of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during a mass cremation at a crematorium in New Delhi, India on April 26, 2021.

Adnan Abidi | Reuters

A man prepares a pyre to burn a body

A man prepares a pyre to cremate the body of a person who has died of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a crematorium in New Delhi, India on April 22, 2021.

Danish Siddiqui | Reuters

The medical staff takes care of one person in a nursing home

Medical staff in PSA caring for a person at the Covid-19 Temporary Care Center attached to LNJP Hospital at Shehnai Banquet Hall on April 23, 2021 in New Delhi, India.

Raj K Raj | Hindustan Times | Getty Images

A man in an outfit resembling the Covid virus moves around a marketplace asking people to follow safety protocols

A man from a non-governmental organization (NGO), wearing an outfit similar to the Covid-19 coronavirus, moves in a marketplace and asks people to follow the safety protocols during an awareness campaign on April 25, 2021 in Siliguri.

Diptendu Dutta | AFP | Getty Images

A worker disinfects nozzles on oxygen cylinders when they are refilled in a factory

A worker disinfects nozzles from oxygen cylinders as they are refilled in a factory while coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spreads in Ahmedabad, India on April 25, 2021.

Amit Dave | Reuters

Umar Farooq mourns the body of his mother, who died of Covid before she was buried in a cemetery in Srinagar

Umar Farooq mourns the body of his mother, who died of Covid-19 coronavirus, before she was buried in a cemetery in Srinagar on April 26, 2021.

Frozen meat Mustafa | AFP | Getty Images

People are waiting to cremate those who have died in New Delhi due to the coronavirus

People are waiting to cremate victims who have died of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a crematorium in New Delhi, India on April 23, 2021.

Danish Siddiqui | Reuters

A doctor tends to a patient’s breathing problem in an ambulance while she waits to enter a hospital in Covid

A doctor tends to a patient with breathing problems in an ambulance waiting to be admitted to a COVID-19 hospital for treatment while the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is on April 25, 2021 in Ahmedabad, India , spreads.

Amit Dave | Reuters

People wearing protective face masks wait for a vaccine in Mumbai

People wearing face masks wait to receive a vaccine against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) at a vaccination center in Mumbai, India, on April 26, 2021.

Niharika Kulkarni | Reuters

People cremate the bodies of coronavirus victims in a crematorium in New Delhi

People cremate the bodies of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) victims in a crematorium in New Delhi, India on April 24, 2021.

Danish Siddiqui | Reuters

Rickshaw drivers hold oxygen bottles in front of a private gas station

Rickshaw drivers hold oxygen bottles in front of a private gas station during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak on April 19, 2021 in New Delhi, India.

Adnan Abidi | Reuters

A patient breathes with the help of oxygen provided by a gurdwara, a place of worship for Sikhs, in an auto rickshaw

A patient breathes with the help of oxygen provided by a gurdwara, a place of worship for Sikhs, in an auto rickshaw that was held under a roadside tent on April 26, 2021 in Ghaziabad amid a Covid-19 coronavirus Pandemic is parked.

Sajjad Hussain | AFP | Getty Images

A woman is comforted after her husband dies

A woman is comforted after her husband died of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outside a morgue of a COVID-19 hospital in Ahmedabad, India on April 20, 2021.

Amit Dave | Reuters

A man with wood walks past the pyre of those who died of coronavirus disease

A man carrying wood walks past the pyre of those who have died of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during a mass cremation at a crematorium in New Delhi, India, April 26, 2021.

Adnan Abidi | Reuters

A man with personal protective equipment stands next to the pyre

A man wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) stands next to the pyre of those who died of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during a mass burn in a crematorium in New Delhi, India, on April 26, 2021.

Adnan Abidi | Reuters

A view of several pyres in the Nigambodh Ghat crematorium in New Delhi

A view of several pyrenees from Covid-19 victims in the Nigambodh Ghat crematorium on April 23, 2021 in New Delhi, India.

Sanjeev Verma | Hindustan Times | Getty Images

Health workers carry bodies of victims

Health workers wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) carry bodies of people suffering from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in front of Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital in New Delhi, India on April 24, 2021.

Adnan Abidi | Reuters

Relatives carry a man’s body during his funeral in New Delhi

Relatives carry the body of a man who died of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during his funeral in a cemetery in New Delhi, India, on April 23, 2021.

Adnan Abidi | Reuters

Family members sit next to the burning pyre of coronavirus victims in New Delhi

Family members sit next to the burning pyre of those who died of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during a mass cremation in a crematorium in New Delhi, India, on April 26, 2021.

Adnan Abidi | Reuters

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Health

Fauci says variant from U.Okay. doubtless accounts for as much as 30% of U.S. infections

The highly contagious variant, first identified in the UK, is likely to account for up to 30% of Covid-19 infections in the US, said White House chief medical officer Dr. Anthony Fauci, on Friday.

The variant, named B.1.1.7, has been reported in at least 94 countries and discovered in 50 US jurisdictions, Fauci said during a White House press conference about the pandemic, adding that the numbers are likely to rise.

The UK first identified strain B.1.1.7 last fall, which appears to be spreading more easily and faster than other variants. It has since spread around the world, including the United States, Fauci said. US researchers had identified 5,567 cases through genetic sequencing by Thursday, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. US health officials say the variant could become the dominant strain in the US by the end of this month or early April.

New variants are particularly a problem for public health officials as they could become more resistant to antibody treatments and vaccines. High-level health officials, including Fauci, have urged Americans to get vaccinated as soon as possible. They say that if the virus cannot infect hosts and cannot replicate, the virus cannot mutate.

Public health officials and Americans can counter the variant by doing two things, Fauci said. “Get as many people to be vaccinated as quickly and as quickly as possible with a vaccine that we know will work against this variant and, ultimately, to implement the public health measures we have been talking about all this time have … masking, physical distancing and avoidance of congregational attitudes, especially indoors. “

A study recently published in the British Medical Journal found the variant was associated with a 64% higher risk of dying from Covid-19 than previous strains. Researchers from the University of Exeter and the University of Bristol analyzed data from more than 100,000 patients in the UK between October 1 and January 28.

“We’re in a position right now where we have a plateau of around 53,000 cases a day,” said Fauci. “The concern is that there are a number of states, cities, and regions across the country that are withdrawing some of the mitigation methods we talked about: withdrawing mask mandates, withdrawing from essentially non-public health interventions.”

Fauci’s comments on B.1.1.7 come a day after he argued over masks at a hearing with Republican Senator Rand Paul.

Paul claimed people shouldn’t wear masks after vaccination as the chance of getting Covid-19 is “practically 0%”. “Isn’t it just theater?” The Kentucky junior senator, an ophthalmologist, asked during a hearing on the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.

In response, Fauci said the emergence of new, highly contagious variants poses a threat to people with antibodies. “I can only say that masks are no theater,” said Fauci. “I totally disagree with you.”

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Health

Fauci cautions towards complacency as Covid infections lower

Dr. Anthony Fauci warned Americans on Sunday to fight back a sense of Covid-19 complacency even as coronavirus infections decline and some scientists predict that herd immunity is just around the corner.

“The slope that comes down is really great – it’s very steep and it goes down very, very quickly. But we’re still at a very high level,” Fauci, a top pandemic adviser to President Joe Biden, told NBC . Meet the press. “

Fauci said he didn’t want people to think “we’re out of the woods now” just because the surge in infections dropped sharply.

“We’re not. Because the baseline of daily infections is still very, very high,” said Fauci. “It’s not the 300,000 to 400,000 we had a while ago, but we really, really, really want to keep that baseline low before we start thinking we’re not in the woods.”

The pandemic, which first struck the nation early last year, has entered a new phase as the pace of vaccinations increases and the number of new infections decreases, even as the US is close to hitting the grim milestone of 500,000 Covid- 19- stand. related deaths.

The 7-day moving average of new infections was 71,717 on Saturday. As a CNBC analysis of Johns Hopkins University data, less than half of the 146,034 new daily infections reported earlier in the month, also a 7-day average.

More than 497,000 people have died of the disease in the United States since Sunday.

Fauci’s comments to host Chuck Todd came in response to an opinion piece published Thursday in the Wall Street Journal by Dr. Martin Makary, a surgeon at Johns Hopkins University, who predicted the country will reach herd immunity in April.

Makary wrote that his prediction was based on data and science, as well as anecdotal evidence. He said that some medical experts privately agreed with his out-of-consensus view but warned him not to discuss it lest he inadvertently encourage the public to become complacent, fail to take precautions, or not receive the vaccine.

“On the current path, I expect Covid will be largely gone by April, which will allow Americans to resume normal lives,” wrote Makary, saying that current estimates of natural immunity have likely been low.

Fauci said he was “not so sure” that the recent decline in infections was due to herd immunity or the phenomenon in which a critical number of people become resistant to the virus as a result of previous exposure or vaccination.

“Certainly the number of infected people contributes to this. Also a certain contribution with vaccines, not much,” said Fauci. “I think we haven’t vaccinated enough people yet to achieve herd immunity. I think you see nature peak and sink.”

Dr. Scott Gottlieb, the former head of the Food and Drug Administration, also spoke on Sunday, saying in an interview on CBS News’ Face the Nation that he expected the current decline in cases to continue.

Gottlieb said that if only 40% of the population have some form of immunity, the rate of infection can be slowed down significantly, a number lower than the 75% Fauci estimated to be the level for herd immunity.

In some parts of the country, Gottlieb added: “We just got that.”

“I think we should be optimistic. I think we will continue to see a fall in infection rates in the spring and summer,” he said.

The debate on the state and dynamics of the virus comes a year after the extended lockdowns and other preventive measures that stalled much of the economy, inflicted mental health trauma on a previously unknown number, and forced families apart.

Biden said achieving herd immunity could be a difficult task by the end of next summer that would force parents to grapple with the idea of ​​starting another school year in pandemic conditions.

Even if the country contains the virus significantly, it is possible that some measures to protect against its spread may continue. Fauci said on CNN Sunday that even if the country gets a certain level of normalcy, Americans may wear masks to prevent the spread of Covid-19 over the next year.

“It is possible that it will,” Fauci said of wearing masks in 2022. “It depends on the dynamics of the virus in the community. When you see the level is really, really, really low, I want it to be preserved. ” It comes to a baseline that is so low that … there is a minimal, minimal threat to someone who is infected. “

Biden’s cautious approach is a reverse of the abundant and sometimes ruthless optimism of his predecessor, former President Donald Trump. The measured remarks by the Biden government have sparked criticism from the opposite direction. Some say the government is setting targets that are too low given encouraging data.

The increase in the number of people receiving vaccinations has generated limited optimism. About 1.7 million vaccines are administered daily, up from the White House target of 1.5 million per day. Public health experts have said the rate could double by the end of the month if supply continues.

Despite these optimistic projections, major concerns remain about a number of new coronavirus mutations, some of which have been shown to be more transmissible than the dominant strain in the U.S. It is possible that mutant strains could prove resistant to the approved vaccines by experts, although experts have largely said that they expect the current vaccines to work.

A strain of particular concern, first identified in the UK, doubles its presence in the US every 10 days, according to a study published earlier this month.

While the study found the strain was circulating at low absolute levels, it helped model the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which predicted the strain known as B.1.1.7., The dominant strain in the U.S. for the next month could be .

Dr. Michael Osterholm, former advisor to the Biden transition team, said Jan. 31 that B.1.1.7 is likely to see an increase in “the next six to 14 weeks”.

“And when we see what my 45 years in the trenches tell me, we will see something we have never seen in this country,” warned Osterholm.

The CDC has identified three mutant strains in the United States that “have particularly affected the world’s public health and health care leaders,” including B.1.1.7 and variations first identified in South Africa and Japan. The variant identified in Japan was found on travelers from Brazil.

Gottlieb said the variants presented “some risk” but that there was already “enough protective immunity that we will likely see them.” [positive] Trends continue. “

The variations, he said, “will not be enough to reverse these trends at this point.”

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Health

With All Eyes on Covid-19, Drug-Resistant Infections Crept In

“We saw a bloom in Candida auris,” said Dr. Rubin, who attributed the change to a handful of factors, particularly the challenges in testing for germs when so much testing resources went towards Covid-19.

Harmful drug-resistant bacteria are also emerging, including carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, which is classified as an “Urgent Health Threat” by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In December, the CDC reported a group of Acinetobacter baumannii during a surge in Covid-19 patients in a New Jersey urban hospital with about 500 beds. The hospital was not identified. The bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae spread to hospitals in Italy and Peru.

Recognizing the problem, three major medical societies sent a letter to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services on Dec. 28, demanding a temporary suspension of the regulations that tie reimbursement rates to hospital-acquired infections. The three groups – the Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America, the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists, and the Association for Infection Control and Epidemiology – feared that infection rates might have increased due to Covid-19.

“The staff, care, care locations and standard patient care practices have all changed during this extraordinary period,” the letter said.

Not all types of drug-resistant infections have increased. For example, some research shows that the rate of hospital patients acquiring the bacterium Clostridioides difficile did not change much during the pandemic – a finding that suggests that the long-term effects of the pandemic on these infections overall are not yet clear.

Dr. Huang and other experts said they are not claiming the priority in fighting Covid-19 was wrong. Rather, they say that drug-resistant germs need renewed attention. Previous research has shown that up to 65 percent of nursing home residents carry some form of drug-resistant infection.

Over the years, critics have alleged that hospitals, and especially nursing homes, have been negligent in their efforts to combat these infections because of the cost of disinfecting equipment, training staff, isolating infected patients, and checking for germs.

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Health

In Israel, Infections Drop Sharply After One Shot of Vaccine

JERUSALEM – Israel, das weltweit führend bei der Impfung seiner Bevölkerung gegen das Coronavirus ist, hat einige ermutigende Neuigkeiten hervorgebracht: Frühe Ergebnisse zeigen einen signifikanten Rückgang der Infektion nach nur einem Schuss eines Impfstoffs mit zwei Dosen und bessere Ergebnisse als erwartet nach beiden Dosen.

Experten des öffentlichen Gesundheitswesens warnen davor, dass die auf dem Pfizer-BioNTech-Impfstoff basierenden Daten vorläufig sind und keinen klinischen Studien unterzogen wurden. Trotzdem bezeichnete Dr. Anat Ekka Zohar, Vizepräsident von Maccabi Health Services, einer der israelischen Organisationen zur Erhaltung der Gesundheit, die die Daten veröffentlicht haben, sie als „sehr ermutigend“.

Im ersten frühen Bericht verglich Clalit, Israels größter Gesundheitsfonds, 200.000 Menschen ab 60 Jahren, die eine erste Dosis des Impfstoffs erhalten hatten, mit einer entsprechenden Gruppe von 200.000, die noch nicht geimpft worden waren. Es hieß, dass die teilweise geimpften Patienten 14 bis 18 Tage nach ihren Schüssen mit einer um 33 Prozent geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit infiziert waren.

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit gab Maccabis Forschungsabteilung an, nach nur einer Dosis einen noch größeren Rückgang der Infektionen festgestellt zu haben: eine Abnahme von etwa 60 Prozent, 13 bis 21 Tage nach dem ersten Schuss, bei den ersten 430.000 Personen, die ihn erhielten.

Maccabi gab keine Altersgruppe an oder gab an, ob die Daten mit einer übereinstimmenden, nicht geimpften Kohorte verglichen wurden.

Am Montag veröffentlichten das israelische Gesundheitsministerium und Maccabi neue Daten zu Personen, die beide Dosen des Impfstoffs erhalten hatten, und zeigten extrem hohe Wirksamkeitsraten.

Das Ministerium stellte fest, dass von 428.000 Israelis, die ihre zweite Dosis erhalten hatten, eine Woche später nur 63 oder 0,014 Prozent an dem Virus erkrankt waren. In ähnlicher Weise zeigten die Maccabi-Daten, dass mehr als eine Woche nach Erhalt der zweiten Dosis nur 20 von ungefähr 128.600 Menschen, etwa 0,01 Prozent, an dem Virus erkrankt waren.

In klinischen Studien erwies sich der Pfizer-Impfstoff nach zwei Dosen als zu 95 Prozent wirksam bei der Verhinderung einer Coronavirus-Infektion bei Menschen ohne Anzeichen einer vorherigen Infektion. Die israelischen Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Wirksamkeit sogar noch höher sein könnte, obwohl strenge Vergleiche mit nicht geimpften Menschen noch nicht veröffentlicht wurden.

“Dies sind sehr ermutigende Daten”, sagte Dr. Zohar. “Wir werden diese Patienten genau überwachen, um zu untersuchen, ob sie weiterhin nur an leichten Symptomen leiden und keine Komplikationen infolge des Virus entwickeln.”

Sowohl Clalit als auch Maccabi warnten davor, dass ihre Ergebnisse vorläufig seien, und sagten, dass ihnen bald eine eingehendere statistische Analyse in von Experten begutachteten wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen folgen werde.

Israel, wo mehr als 40 Prozent der Bevölkerung bereits eine erste Dosis des Impfstoffs erhalten haben, ist zu einem internationalen Testfall für die Wirksamkeit der Impfung geworden.

Mit seiner geringen Bevölkerungszahl, dem hochdigitalisierten universellen Gesundheitssystem und der schnellen Einführung militärisch unterstützter Impfstoffe bieten Israels reale Daten eine nützliche Ergänzung zu klinischen Studien für Forscher, Pharmaunternehmen und politische Entscheidungsträger.

Israel hat mit Pfizer einen Vertrag abgeschlossen, bei dem das Pharmaunternehmen dem Land eine frühzeitige und stetige Versorgung mit Impfstoffen im Austausch gegen Daten sicherstellte. Das Gesundheitsministerium hat eine redigierte Fassung der Vereinbarung veröffentlicht.

Trotz seines Wettlaufs um die Impfung leidet Israel unter einer verheerenden dritten Welle des Coronavirus. Die Regierung hat diesen Monat nach wochenlangen Infektionen und Todesfällen eine strikte nationale Sperre verhängt.

Israel sollte die meisten Flugreisen innerhalb und außerhalb des Landes ab Mitternacht am Montag einstellen, um die Ankunft neu auftretender Virusvarianten zu blockieren, die die Impfkampagne des Landes gefährden könnten. Zwei Impfstoffhersteller sagten am Montag, dass ihre Impfstoffe gegen eine der neuen Varianten etwas weniger wirksam seien.

Solche realen Daten aus Israel sind zwar nützlich, unterliegen jedoch Variablen, die die Ergebnisse verzerren können und die durch klinische Studien berücksichtigt werden sollen.

Covid19 Impfungen >

Antworten auf Ihre Impfstofffragen

Wenn ich in den USA lebe, wann kann ich den Impfstoff bekommen?

Während die genaue Reihenfolge der Impfstoffempfänger von Staat zu Staat unterschiedlich sein kann, werden die meisten Ärzte und Bewohner von Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen an erster Stelle stehen. Wenn Sie verstehen möchten, wie diese Entscheidung getroffen wird, hilft dieser Artikel.

Wann kann ich nach der Impfung wieder zum normalen Leben zurückkehren?

Das Leben wird erst wieder normal, wenn die Gesellschaft als Ganzes ausreichend Schutz gegen das Coronavirus erhält. Sobald die Länder einen Impfstoff zugelassen haben, können sie in den ersten Monaten höchstens einige Prozent ihrer Bürger impfen. Die nicht geimpfte Mehrheit bleibt weiterhin anfällig für Infektionen. Eine wachsende Anzahl von Coronavirus-Impfstoffen zeigt einen robusten Schutz vor Krankheit. Es ist aber auch möglich, dass Menschen das Virus verbreiten, ohne zu wissen, dass sie infiziert sind, weil sie nur leichte oder gar keine Symptome haben. Wissenschaftler wissen noch nicht, ob die Impfstoffe auch die Übertragung des Coronavirus blockieren. Selbst geimpfte Menschen müssen vorerst Masken tragen, Menschenmassen in Innenräumen meiden und so weiter. Sobald genügend Menschen geimpft sind, wird es für das Coronavirus sehr schwierig, gefährdete Personen zu finden, die infiziert werden können. Je nachdem, wie schnell wir als Gesellschaft dieses Ziel erreichen, könnte sich das Leben im Herbst 2021 einem normalen Zustand nähern.

Muss ich nach der Impfung noch eine Maske tragen?

Ja, aber nicht für immer. Die beiden Impfstoffe, die möglicherweise in diesem Monat zugelassen werden, schützen die Menschen eindeutig vor einer Krankheit mit Covid-19. Die klinischen Studien, die diese Ergebnisse lieferten, waren jedoch nicht darauf ausgelegt, festzustellen, ob geimpfte Personen das Coronavirus noch verbreiten können, ohne Symptome zu entwickeln. Das bleibt eine Möglichkeit. Wir wissen, dass Menschen, die von Natur aus mit dem Coronavirus infiziert sind, es verbreiten können, ohne Husten oder andere Symptome zu haben. Die Forscher werden diese Frage bei der Einführung der Impfstoffe intensiv untersuchen. In der Zwischenzeit müssen sich selbst geimpfte Menschen als mögliche Spreizer vorstellen.

Wird es wehtun? Was sind die Nebenwirkungen?

Der Impfstoff gegen Pfizer und BioNTech wird wie andere typische Impfstoffe als Schuss in den Arm abgegeben. Die Injektion unterscheidet sich nicht von denen, die Sie zuvor erhalten haben. Zehntausende Menschen haben die Impfstoffe bereits erhalten, und keiner von ihnen hat ernsthafte gesundheitliche Probleme gemeldet. Einige von ihnen haben jedoch kurzlebige Beschwerden verspürt, darunter Schmerzen und grippeähnliche Symptome, die normalerweise einen Tag anhalten. Es ist möglich, dass die Leute planen müssen, nach dem zweiten Schuss einen Tag frei zu nehmen oder zur Schule zu gehen. Obwohl diese Erfahrungen nicht angenehm sind, sind sie ein gutes Zeichen: Sie sind das Ergebnis der Begegnung Ihres eigenen Immunsystems mit dem Impfstoff und einer starken Reaktion, die eine dauerhafte Immunität gewährleistet.

Werden mRNA-Impfstoffe meine Gene verändern?

Nein. Die Impfstoffe von Moderna und Pfizer verwenden ein genetisches Molekül, um das Immunsystem zu stärken. Dieses als mRNA bekannte Molekül wird schließlich vom Körper zerstört. Die mRNA ist in einer öligen Blase verpackt, die mit einer Zelle verschmelzen kann, so dass das Molekül hineinrutschen kann. Die Zelle verwendet die mRNA, um Proteine ​​aus dem Coronavirus herzustellen, die das Immunsystem stimulieren können. Zu jedem Zeitpunkt kann jede unserer Zellen Hunderttausende von mRNA-Molekülen enthalten, die sie produzieren, um eigene Proteine ​​herzustellen. Sobald diese Proteine ​​hergestellt sind, zerkleinern unsere Zellen die mRNA mit speziellen Enzymen. Die mRNA-Moleküle, die unsere Zellen herstellen, können nur wenige Minuten überleben. Die mRNA in Impfstoffen ist so konstruiert, dass sie den Enzymen der Zelle etwas länger standhält, sodass die Zellen zusätzliche Virusproteine ​​bilden und eine stärkere Immunantwort auslösen können. Die mRNA kann jedoch höchstens einige Tage halten, bevor sie zerstört wird.

Die frühen israelischen Zahlen basieren auf den ersten Personen, die den Impfstoff erhalten haben. Solche Leute, sagen Experten, sind wahrscheinlich besorgter oder über das Virus informiert und daher vorsichtiger in Bezug auf soziale Distanzierung und das Tragen von Masken. Sie könnten sich auch von denen unterscheiden, die sich nicht beeilten, den Standort und den sozioökonomischen Status zu bestimmen.

Experten sagen auch, dass sich die Krankheit im Laufe der Zeit ändert. Prof. Ran Balicer, Chief Innovation Officer bei Clalit und führender israelischer Epidemiologe, sagte, dass zwei Wochen alte Daten wie Beweise aus einer anderen Zeit oder “in israelischer Hinsicht vor etwa einer Million Impfstoffen” sein können.

Maccabi sagte, dass es wöchentlich mehr Daten veröffentlichen würde. “Die Hauptbotschaft”, sagte Maccabi in einer Erklärung, ist, dass bereits die erste Dosis des Impfstoffs “wirksam ist und die Morbidität verringert und Krankenhausaufenthalte um viele zehn Prozent senkt.”

Experten weisen darauf hin, dass die Veröffentlichung von Rohdaten die Gefahr birgt, dass sie falsch interpretiert werden.

Nachdem Clalit vor zwei Wochen erstmals seine frühen Zahlen veröffentlicht hatte, hörten viele Menschen von einem Rückgang der Fälle um 33 Prozent, nicht von den erwarteten 95 Prozent, und kamen zu dem falschen Schluss, dass der Pfizer-Schuss nicht funktionierte.

In Großbritannien gab es einen Aufruhr, bei dem die Behörden die Abgabe der zweiten Dosis um bis zu 12 Wochen verzögert haben, im Gegensatz zu der 21-tägigen Lücke, auf die Pfizer seine Versuche stützte.

Professor Balicer betrachtete die Ergebnisse als gute Nachricht und war bestürzt darüber, wie sie interpretiert wurden.

“Wir waren beruhigt genug, um allen zu sagen, dass wir sehen, was wir gleich nach Tag 14 sehen sollten”, sagte er. “Ich weiß nicht, wie es zu einer Botschaft von ‘Oh mein Gott, es funktioniert nicht’ wurde.”

Professor Balicer, der auch Vorsitzender des Expertenteams ist, das die israelische Regierung bei ihrer Reaktion auf Covid-19 berät, hoffte, dass die positiven Ergebnisse einen Einfluss auf eine bevorstehende Regierungsentscheidung bezüglich einer dritten Sperrung haben könnten.

“Covid hat uns alle zu Amateurwissenschaftlern gemacht”, sagte Talya Miron-Shatz, außerordentliche Professorin und Expertin für medizinische Entscheidungsfindung am Ono Academic College in Zentralisrael. “Wir alle betrachten Daten, aber die meisten Menschen sind keine Wissenschaftler.”

Israel, das am 20. Dezember mit der Impfung von Menschen begann, hat mehr als 2,6 Millionen Israelis einen ersten Schuss gegeben und beide Schüsse mehr als einer Million Menschen.

Nachdem Israel mit Menschen ab 60 Jahren, Beschäftigten im Gesundheitswesen und anderen gefährdeten Personen begonnen hat, bietet es jetzt Impfungen für Menschen über 40 und Schüler im Alter von 16 bis 18 Jahren an, damit sie wieder zur Schule gehen können. Das Militär unterstützt die Bemühungen und 700 Reservemediziner der Armee helfen in Impfzentren.

Prof. Jonathan Halevy, der Präsident des Shaare Zedek Medical Center in Jerusalem, hatte die Ergebnisse der HMOs nicht untersucht, sagte jedoch, dass er zwei Wochen nach Einführung der ersten Dosis in schweren Fällen einen Rückgang bemerkte.

“Ich kenne mehrere Leute, die sich kurz vor dem Impfstoff infiziert haben, aber sie haben ihn leicht bekommen”, sagte er.

Dennoch bleibt Israel unter einer nationalen Sperre und die Beamten sind besorgt über die Entstehung neuer, hoch ansteckender Varianten. Es bleibt abzuwarten, wie wirksam die Impfstoffe gegen die neuen Varianten sind.

Trotz des scheinbar frühen Erfolgs des Impfstoffs richtet das Virus in Israel weiterhin Chaos an. Professor Halevy sagte, die Covid-Stationen seines Krankenhauses seien immer noch voll und er rechne damit, dass es weitere zwei oder drei Wochen dauern würde, bis ein Rückgang zu verzeichnen sei.

Das Virus hat allein in diesem Monat mehr als 1.000 Israelis getötet, fast ein Viertel derjenigen, die insgesamt an dem Pandemievirus gestorben sind.

Gesundheitsbeamte und Experten haben einen Großteil des jüngsten Anstiegs der Infektion auf die sich schnell ausbreitende Variante zurückgeführt, die erstmals in Großbritannien entdeckt wurde.