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South Korea on Covid-19 herd immunity and journey bubble packages

Customers wearing protective masks pay for their purchase at a vegetable stall in Mangwon Market in Seoul, South Korea on Tuesday, February 9, 2021.

Bloomberg | Bloomberg | Getty Images

South Korea wants to open up its economy and work on travel bubble programs as it has been relatively successful in controlling the spread of Covid-19, its deputy prime minister told CNBC in an exclusive interview.

The government plans to boost consumption and further boost the economy in the second half of this year – and steps are being taken to achieve that goal, said Hong Nam-ki, who is also South Korea’s economy and finance minister.

“I would say the current government has been relatively successful at both infection control and vaccination,” he told CNBC’s Chery Kang on Friday, according to a CNBC translation of his Korean remarks. “Based on the achievements, the current government now wants to promote economic growth while maintaining such health measures.”

In fact, he said that South Korea is aiming for herd immunity by November, which means the virus will no longer be able to spread rapidly as most of the population is either fully vaccinated or has become immune from infection.

By last week, 30% of the South Korean population had received their vaccinations and Hong says the country can reach 70% by September.

Our plan now is to achieve herd immunity by November – but in my personal opinion we will be able to move the schedule forward.

Hong Nam-ki

South Korea’s Deputy Prime Minister

The country has reported more than 155,500 cases and at least 2,015 deaths as of Monday, according to Johns Hopkins University – numbers that are relatively controlled compared to most Asian countries.

In contrast, India – with the highest number of cases in Asia – officially reported more than 30.2 million cases on Monday, according to Hopkins. Indonesia has 2.11 million cases while the Philippines has nearly 1.4 million case numbers, the data showed.

“Our plan now is to achieve herd immunity by November – but in my personal opinion we will be able to move the schedule forward,” said Hong.

“If the vaccination goes as planned, we believe the Covid-19 situation is under control. Then the measures to support consumption and economic recovery can be carried out without interruption from July onwards.

However, should the pandemic worsen, it would be difficult to push these growth-promoting measures, he warned.

Travel bubble?

The South Korean government plans to support travel bladder programs for fully vaccinated people, Hong said. A travel bubble is a pre-agreed agreement with another country that provides that travelers from both countries are allowed quarantine trips if certain conditions are met – such as negative Covid tests or full vaccinations.

However, whether the travel bubble will pop depends on vaccination progress and conversations with other countries, he said, declining to name those countries.

In early June, the Singaporean newspaper Straits Times reported that South Korea is exploring travel bladders with some countries, including Singapore and Taiwan, to enable quarantine-free travel for vaccinated people.

“I believe that depending on their health status, vaccination rates and the convenience of immigration, more countries will be on the list of countries in demand,” Hong told CNBC.

“I think we need to continue working with private tour operators to investigate the virus situation to decide exactly which countries,” he added.

One initiative that citizens can at least indulge in for the time being could be “flights to nowhere”, a target-free concept that some countries introduced during the pandemic.

“Even if you cannot travel abroad, no landing flights have been offered,” said Hong. “Passengers could fly all the way to Japan, hover over the Japanese sky, and then come back without landing. Lots of people showed interest in it and it was used a lot, ”he said, referring to such flights that were introduced in South Korea last year.

“So if the health situation improves and the vaccination campaign accelerates more strongly, we believe that we are going in (that) direction.”

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Is herd immunity potential? New Covid vairants could possibly be an issue

Passengers wearing face masks as a preventive measure against the spread of Covid-19 are seen on an escalator at Orlando International Airport.

Paul Hennessy | LightRocket | Getty Images

When the coronavirus pandemic broke out around the world in 2020, a number of governments and health officials seemed to be pinning their hopes on “herd immunity”.

This approach would cause the virus to spread through society and cause infection, but it would also create an immune response in those who have recovered.

If enough people received these antibodies – around 60-70% of the population – transmission of the virus would gradually decrease, and those who were not yet infected would be protected by the increasingly limited ability of the virus to spread.

That was the theory.

In reality, Covid-19 swept through Asia, Europe and America, causing millions of infections – from which millions of people recovered – but also hundreds of thousands of hospitalizations and deaths. To date, the virus has caused over 164 million infections and 3.4 million deaths worldwide.

The herd immunity strategy was quickly abandoned by most countries – with a few notable exceptions such as Sweden – and lockdowns became the main way to prevent the spread of Covid as vaccines developed rapidly.

Now we have highly effective vaccines and vaccination programs are advancing around the world. This has raised hope that once enough people in populations are vaccinated, herd immunity could be achieved – that is, if enough people are vaccinated, the virus has nowhere to go and become extinct.

But again, Covid-19 is proving unpredictable and we still don’t know how long the protection from vaccines or the natural immunity acquired from previous infections will last.

The hesitation of the vaccine, the role of children in transmission (infants are not eligible for vaccines) and most importantly the emergence of new variants of Covid around the world are also unknowns that could also prevent herd immunity, experts warn.

Most of them believe that Covid-19 will become endemic like the flu (meaning it will continue to circulate in parts of the population, likely as a seasonal threat) while hoping it will become less dangerous over time.

“Nowhere near herd immunity”

Epidemiologist Lauren Ancel Meyers, director of the University of Texas’ Covid-19 modeling consortium, described herd immunity as “the idea that if we vaccinate enough people around the world, the virus has nowhere to spread, and the pandemic will go away completely.” ” “”

“Unfortunately, we are very far from this reality worldwide,” she told CNBC.

“The virus continues to spread rapidly across many continents, more contagious varieties are emerging all the time that can potentially breach immunity, and many countries are lagging far behind the US in adopting vaccines.”

She noted that even in US cities there are critical areas of low immunity: “Where I live in Austin, Texas, we estimate the vaccination rate is between under 40% and over 80%, depending on the neighborhood in which you are Everywhere children under the age of 12 cannot be vaccinated. As long as there are pockets with low immunity, this secret virus will continue to spread and produce new variants. “

Even so, Meyers noted that “vaccines can help us get to a place where Covid-19 is a significantly less lethal threat,” even if we fail to achieve full herd immunity.

According to Meyers, there has been a lot of misinformation and misunderstanding about the herd immunity threshold. “Put simply, the herd immunity threshold is the percentage of the population that needs to be immunized before the virus goes away. In the real world, however, this is complicated.”

“With variants and low-vaccination bags emerging, there is no guarantee we will get there,” she said, noting the importance of people realizing, “The more people vaccinate, the faster the threat will fade . “

“We may never reach herd immunity and completely eradicate the virus on a global scale. However, that doesn’t mean we won’t return to a sense of normality anytime soon. We are already seeing the number of new cases and hospitalizations falling,” added Meyers added.

Challenging strategy

After a year, the coronavirus has experienced some significant mutations and a number of variants have become dominant due to their increased transmissibility – like those first detected in the UK and South Africa last year.

Now a variant first discovered in India in October 2020 is raging across the country and beyond. As with previous mutations, experts are investigating whether it could make it more transmissible (early evidence suggests), more lethal (early evidence suggests), and Covid vaccines less effective (early evidence suggests).

Professor Lawrence Young, a virologist at the University of Warwick Medical School in the UK, told CNBC that the pursuit of herd immunity in relation to Covid-19 is unlikely to be achievable.

“The pursuit of herd immunity in terms of people getting infected and then recovering is not great, as Sars-Cov-2 obviously has people getting sick – but it’s also about what the herd immunity threshold is and what percentage of it Population would they need to be protected? And that depends so much on the transmittability of the virus, “noted Young.

“We are dealing with variants that have different spreading abilities and I think that makes it quite difficult to achieve herd immunity or to rely on herd immunity.”

He emphasized that there are still many “unknowns” about Covid-19.

“And I think it’s going to be impossible to get herd immunity through vaccination. Variants and the fact that you don’t necessarily get lifelong immune protection after vaccination make it more difficult,” Young said.

When asked if there is any chance the coronavirus could be eradicated, Young said, “It won’t happen.”

“We’re going to have to live with it, like the flu, and we just have to get so many people vaccinated to keep them from getting sick.”

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Reaching ‘Herd Immunity’ Is Unlikely within the U.S., Specialists Now Consider

The skepticism of many Americans about the vaccines and the lack of access in some groups – homeless, migrant workers, or some color communities – make it a challenge to achieve this goal. Vaccine mandates only make this attitude worse, some experts believe.

A better approach would be to have a trustworthy person address the root cause of hesitation – fear, suspicion, misunderstanding, easy access, or a desire for more information, said Mary Politi, an expert on health decisions and communication at Washington University in St. Louis.

People often need to see others in their social circle accept something before they’re ready to try, said Dr. Politi. Highlighting the life benefits of vaccination, like seeing a family member or sending their children to school, might be more motivating than the nebulous idea of ​​herd immunity.

“That would resonate more with people than that somewhat elusive concept that experts are still trying to figure out,” she added.

Although children spread the virus less efficiently than adults, all experts agreed that vaccinating children would also be important in keeping the number of Covid cases down. In the long term, the public health system must also take into account babies and children and adults who fall into a higher risk group.

Annoying scenarios remain on the way to this long-term vision.

If enough people are not protected over time, highly contagious variants can develop that can breach vaccine protection, bring people to the hospital, and put them at risk of death.

“This is the nightmare scenario,” said Jeffrey Shaman, an epidemiologist at Columbia University.

How common and how severe these breakthrough infections are may determine whether the United States can keep hospital stays and deaths down, or whether the country is in “maddening turmoil” every few years, he said.

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Reaching ‘Herd Immunity’ Is Unlikely within the U.S., Specialists Now Consider

A better approach would be to have a trustworthy person address the root cause of hesitation – fear, suspicion, misunderstanding, easy access, or a desire for more information, said Mary Politi, an expert on health decisions and communication at Washington University in St. Louis.

People often need to see others in their social circle accept something before they’re ready to try, said Dr. Politi. Highlighting the life benefits of vaccination, like seeing a family member or sending their children to school, might be more motivating than the nebulous idea of ​​herd immunity.

“That would resonate more with people than that somewhat elusive concept that experts are still trying to figure out,” she added.

Although children spread the virus less efficiently than adults, all experts agreed that vaccinating children would also be important in keeping the number of Covid cases down. In the long term, the public health system must also take into account babies and children and adults who fall into a higher risk group.

Annoying scenarios remain on the way to this long-term vision.

If enough people are not protected over time, highly contagious variants can develop that can breach vaccine protection, bring people to the hospital, and put them at risk of death.

“This is the nightmare scenario,” said Jeffrey Shaman, an epidemiologist at Columbia University.

How common and how severe these breakthrough infections are may determine whether the United States can keep hospital stays and deaths down, or whether the country is in “maddening turmoil” every few years, he said.

“I think we’re going to look over our shoulders – or at least, public health officials and infectious disease epidemiologists will look over their shoulders and say, ‘Okay, the varieties out there – what are they doing? What can you? ” he said. “Maybe the general public can’t care too much about it again, but we have to.”

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U.S. could by no means attain ‘true herd immunity,’ says Dr. Scott Gottlieb

Dr. Scott Gottlieb told CNBC on Friday he believes the United States may struggle to achieve “true herd immunity” to Covid, suggesting there will be coronavirus infections in the years to come.

However, the former commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration stressed that new cases alone should not be the metric that gets the greatest focus as more people are vaccinated against Covid.

“I don’t think we should think about achieving herd immunity. I don’t know that we will ever achieve real herd immunity where this virus simply no longer circulates,” said Gottlieb at “Closing Bell”. “I think it will always be circulating at low levels. That should be the goal of keeping virus levels down.”

Gottlieb, who serves on the board of directors at Covid vaccine maker Pfizer, expects the US to make significant strides toward that goal in the coming weeks.

“I think we’ll reach a point this summer where the spread of this virus will be extremely low. We’ll likely see the cases collapse pretty soon sometime in May. We’re already seeing it in parts of the country.” said Gottlieb.

Even so, according to Gottlieb, the US could flatten about 5,000 to 10,000 new coronavirus cases per day this summer, partly due to how commonplace Covid testing has become. “We’re going to see a lot of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic infections,” he said.

“I think the bottom line is that vaccination is dramatically reducing the susceptibility of the American population, and that’s what we really need to focus on,” said Gottlieb, who headed the FDA in the Trump administration from 2017 to 2019.

“We shouldn’t just focus on cases. There will be cases, but we should focus on how many people are hospitalized and get this virus. That will drop dramatically when we introduce the vaccines,” he said.

Public health experts have stressed throughout the pandemic that the more people in a population have immunity protection for a particular virus, the less easily it will spread. While vaccines have been shown to reduce transmission, Gottlieb isn’t the first to point out that achieving permanent herd immunity is likely to be a challenge for Covid.

The Chief Medical Officer of the White House, Dr. Anthony Fauci, has estimated that 75% to 85% of the population vaccinated against Covid would create an “umbrella” of immunity. “That could even protect the vulnerabilities that weren’t vaccinated or where the vaccine wasn’t effective,” he told CNBC in December, shortly after the FDA approved Pfizer’s emergency use of Pfizer.

About 41% of the US population have now received at least one dose of Covid vaccine, and 27.5% are fully vaccinated, according to the latest information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC data show that a total of more than 220 million doses were administered.

Gottlieb previously said that the US could theoretically get to a point where Covid, like other diseases like polio and smallpox, will be eradicated. “It is possible. We do not seem ready to do this and take the collective action that is required,” he told CNBC on April 16.

“It will take people who practice a civic virtue to get vaccinated, even if they individually feel low risk of infection,” he said. “Because even if they are at low risk, they can still get and transmit the infection, and you cannot eradicate a disease where you have a significant contingent of people who will continue to catch and transmit it.”

Disclosure: Scott Gottlieb is a CNBC employee and a member of the boards of directors of Pfizer, genetic testing startup Tempus, health technology company Aetion Inc., and biotech company Illumina. He is also co-chair of Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings and Royal Caribbean’s Healthy Sail Panel.

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Reaching herd immunity will probably be fairly a problem for Asia: UN official

SINGAPORE – Achieving herd immunity to Covid-19 could be difficult for developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region, a UN official told CNBC.

Herd immunity refers to the situation in which a disease cannot easily spread within a population because most people have become immune to it either from vaccination or from previous infection.

Around 60% to 70% of the population must be vaccinated to reach this state, said Armida Salsiah Alisjahbana, executive secretary of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.

“I think that’s quite a challenge,” she told CNBC’s Street Signs Asia on Wednesday.

“If we look at the data so far, the progress has been quite modest with the exception of some advanced countries,” she said during an interview at the Asian Development Bank’s Southeast Asia Virtual Development Symposium.

Although some countries have placed vaccine orders and others may even have supplies on hand, “implementation on the ground is quite slow,” she added.

Further challenges during the rollout

There are other challenges to successful vaccination programs as well.

Alisjahbana named the timely supply, limited financial resources and poor logistics infrastructure as obstacles that stand in the way of developing countries. Another approach is equitable access, which refers to equitable distribution to all who need it.

Richer nations have bought vaccines and placed bulk orders, leaving poorer developing countries at the bottom of the queue. Many of these countries may not have the money to buy enough cans.

A medical professional holds Covid-19 vaccine Covaxin vials during the nationwide vaccination campaign in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India on Saturday, February 6, 2021.

Vishal Bhatnagar | NurPhoto | Getty Images

Alisjahbana pointed out that there is help in the form of Covax, a global alliance trying to provide vaccines to poorer countries – but the supply is still limited for now.

“One of the main problems – especially now because it is still like that Early (in) the vaccination program and its implementation – is the adequate supply, “she said.

However, she noted that production is increasing and more vaccines are being approved by the World Health Organization and national authorities.

“I hope the vaccination schedule will be accelerated in the coming months, including in developing countries,” she said.

She expects vaccinations to increase in the second half of the year and further accelerate in 2022.

If countries can be consistent and speed up vaccinations for high-risk groups and key workers, economies and borders can open, she said.

“Economic activities, including tourism and so on, (the) flow of goods, the flow of people can resume,” Alisjahbana said.

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Melinda Gates says we might attain world herd immunity someday in 2022

Melinda Gates, co-chair of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, speaks during a television interview by Bloomberg Technology in San Francisco, California on Tuesday, May 7, 2019.

Michael Short | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Billionaire philanthropist and former tech manager Melinda Gates told CNBC that global herd immunity to Covid-19 could be achieved sometime in 2022.

Covid vaccines, especially stand-alone vaccines like Johnson & Johnson’s, are unlikely to hit developing countries “en masse” until later this year, said Gates, who donated millions to coronavirus vaccine and treatment research as co-chair of the program on Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

“So it will be sometime in 2022 before we have full herd immunity,” she told CNBC’s Sara Eisen in an interview that aired on Closing Bell on Monday. “And boy, I think we’re all looking forward to it. There are a lot of people who are suffering, not just in the US but everywhere.”

Gates’ comments come as global leaders and public health officials around the world try to hand out doses of Covid-19 vaccines in hopes of ending the pandemic that has infected more than 117 million people worldwide, according to reports Johns Hopkins University has killed nearly 2.6 million people.

Medical experts said it could be months or even years before nations can vaccinate enough people to achieve herd immunity. The longer it takes to get there, the more time the virus will have to mutate into potentially dangerous new variants as it spreads to new hosts.

Infectious disease experts warn that there is a high likelihood of Covid-19 becoming an endemic disease, which means it will spread to society like the flu every year, albeit likely at a lower level than it is today. Officials must constantly look for new variants of the virus so scientists can make vaccines against them, experts say.

Last month, Bill Gates told CNBC that shooting in developing countries will “be the only way to end the pandemic”. World Health officials have been concerned that poorer nations will miss out on the vaccines as richer nations like the US, China and much of Europe buy out all of the supply.

Meanwhile, counties and states in the US are rapidly giving vaccinations, but the nation is still “far from” achieving herd immunity to Covid, Adam MacNeil, an epidemiologist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, told an FDA advisory panel late last month.

Around 60 million of around 331 million Americans received at least one dose of a Covid-19 vaccine at 6 a.m. CET on Monday, according to the CDC. And around 31.2 million of those people are fully vaccinated.

According to Dr. Anthony Fauci, President Joe Biden’s chief medical officer, the goal is to vaccinate between 70% and 85% of the US population – or about 232 to 281 million people – to achieve herd immunity and quell the pandemic.

Earlier on Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published new guidelines that allow people who are fully vaccinated to see vaccinated and some unvaccinated indoors safely without wearing masks or staying 6 feet away.

During the CNBC interview, Gates praised Biden’s response to the pandemic, saying it was “night and day” compared to the Trump administration’s efforts.

“Is it perfect already? Absolutely not,” said Gates. “But is it a fundamental change? I mean, we deliver vaccines as a nation, you know. … 15% of the population is insured. So there is more to be done, but you are seeing more tests. You I see more hope because people see their loved ones who are vaccinated older. “

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In Quest for Herd Immunity, Big Vaccination Websites Proliferate

EAST HARTFORD, Conn. – Da die Versorgung mit Coronavirus-Impfstoffen in den nächsten Monaten voraussichtlich ansteigen wird, beeilen sich Staaten und Städte, Massenimpfstellen zu eröffnen, an denen täglich Tausende von Schüssen in die Arme der Amerikaner injiziert werden können, ein Ansatz der Biden-Regierung hat sich als entscheidend für die Erreichung der Herdenimmunität in einer Nation von 330 Millionen Menschen erwiesen.

Die Federal Emergency Management Agency hat sich ebenfalls angeschlossen: Sie hat kürzlich dazu beigetragen, sieben Mega-Standorte in Kalifornien, New York und Texas zu eröffnen, sich auf aktive Truppen zu verlassen, um sie zu besetzen, und viele weitere zu planen. Einige Massenstandorte, darunter das Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles und das State Farm Stadium in einem Vorort von Phoenix, zielen darauf ab, mindestens 12.000 Menschen pro Tag zu injizieren, sobald die Versorgung hochgefahren ist. Die in Phoenix ist bereits rund um die Uhr in Betrieb.

Die Websites sind ein Zeichen für die zunehmende Dynamik bei der Impfung jedes willigen amerikanischen Erwachsenen. Der Einzeldosis-Impfstoff von Johnson & Johnson hat am Samstag die Notfallgenehmigung der Food and Drug Administration erhalten, und sowohl Moderna als auch Pfizer haben bis zum Frühjahr viel größere wöchentliche Impfstofflieferungen versprochen. Präsident Biden möchte nicht nur Massenstandorte nutzen, sondern auch, dass Apotheken, Gemeinschaftskliniken, die den armen und mobilen Impfstellen dienen, eine wichtige Rolle bei der Erhöhung der Impfrate spielen.

Da bisher nur etwa 9 Prozent der Erwachsenen vollständig geimpft sind, kann die Art der Massenstandorte von entscheidender Bedeutung sein, da immer mehr Menschen für die Impfstoffe in Frage kommen und sich in den USA mehr infektiöse Varianten des Virus vermehren.

Aber während die Standorte die Impfung beschleunigen, um die derzeit überwältigende Nachfrage zu befriedigen, gibt es klare Anzeichen dafür, dass sie eine andere Herausforderung nicht bewältigen können: die vielen Amerikaner, die schwieriger zu erreichen sind und die möglicherweise nur ungern die Impfung erhalten Schüsse.

Die Durchfahr-Massenimpfstelle auf einer nicht mehr existierenden Landebahn hier in East Hartford, außerhalb der Hauptstadt von Connecticut, zeigt das Versprechen und die Nachteile des Ansatzes.

Der Standort, der von einer gemeinnützigen Gesundheitsklinik betrieben wird, hat sich seit seiner Eröffnung vor sechs Wochen zu einem der größten Vertreiber von Schüssen im Bundesstaat entwickelt. Seine Effizienz hat dazu beigetragen, dass Connecticut zu einer Erfolgsgeschichte wurde. Nur Alaska, New Mexico, West Virginia und die Dakotas haben mehr Dosen pro 100.000 Einwohner verabreicht.

Die meisten Leute, die Massenseiten betreiben, lernen im laufenden Betrieb. Die Suche nach genügend Impfstoffen, die für einige Standorte bereits eine Herausforderung darstellen, könnte zu einem größeren Problem werden, wenn sie sich vermehren. Lokale Gesundheitsdienstleister oder Glaubensgemeinschaften, die in Gemeinden verwurzelt sind, werden wahrscheinlich weitaus effektiver Menschen erreichen, die sich vor den Schüssen in Acht nehmen. Und viele der riesigen Websites funktionieren nicht für Menschen, denen Autos oder der einfache Zugang zu öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln fehlen.

“Hochmotivierte Menschen, die ein Fahrzeug haben – es funktioniert hervorragend für sie”, sagte Dr. Rodney Hornbake, der sowohl als Impfstoff als auch als Sanitäter am Standort East Hartford fungiert, auf der Suche nach Nebenwirkungen. “Sie können nicht mit einem Stadtbus hierher kommen.”

Susan Bissonnette, die verantwortliche Krankenschwester, bereitete vor Tagesanbruch an einem rauen Morgen genügend Fläschchen mit dem Pfizer-Impfstoff und dem Verdünnungsmittel für die ersten paar hundert Schüsse des Tages vor. Um 7:45 Uhr umgab ihr Team sie im Halbkreis, stampfte den Schnee von ihren Stiefeln und wärmte ihre Finger für die Stunden der Injektionen, die vor ihnen lagen.

“Wir werden mit 40 Fläschchen beginnen, acht pro Anhänger”, rief Frau Bissonnette der Gruppe von 19 Krankenschwestern, einem Arzt und einem unterbeschäftigten Zahnarzt zu, die sich freiwillig gemeldet hatten, um zu helfen. „Okay, denk dran, es ist Pfizer, oder? Punkt drei Milliliter, richtig? “

Die Website impft an einem guten Tag etwa 1.700 Menschen, auch weil Connecticut klein ist und weniger Dosen erhält als viele andere Bundesstaaten. Es ist eine gut geölte Maschine, bei der ein paar Dutzend Nationalgarde-Truppen Autos auf zehn Fahrspuren lenken, Leute einchecken, die im Voraus Termine vereinbaren müssen, und sicherstellen, dass sie einen medizinischen Fragebogen ausgefüllt haben, bevor sie die Landebahn hinunter zu ihren fahren Schüsse.

Truppen überwachen auch den Bereich am Ende der Landebahn, in dem die Menschen nach ihren Schüssen 15 Minuten warten – oder 30 Minuten, wenn sie in der Vergangenheit Allergien hatten -, wenn schwerwiegende Reaktionen auftreten.

Dazwischen befinden sich die Impfstoffe, zwei pro Fahrspur, die zwischen stoßenden Armen ein- und ausgeschaltet werden. Wenn sie sich aufwärmen müssen, ziehen sie sich in beheizte Anhänger zurück, um Dosen zu erstellen und Impfkarten auszufüllen.

“Wenn Sie einfach mit 10 Fahrspuren öffnen, wird es ein Chaos sein, wenn Sie nicht überall an Kontrollpunkten Teams haben, die den von Ihnen festgelegten Plan ausführen”, sagte Mark Masselli, Präsident und Geschäftsführer des Community Health Center. Das Unternehmen eröffnete am 18. Januar den Standort East Hartford und hat seitdem zwei kleinere Versionen in Stamford und Middletown eröffnet. “Sie müssen einige Gruppen zusammen heiraten – Leute mit Sinn für Gesundheitsversorgung und Leute mit Sinn für Logistik.”

Die Baustelle kam in sechs Tagen zusammen, als die Mitarbeiter von Herrn Masselli frenetisch mit dem Staat zusammenarbeiteten, um Anhänger, Generatoren, Lichter, ein drahtloses Netzwerk, tragbare Badezimmer, Verkehrszeichen und Tausende von orangefarbenen Kegeln zu installieren, um die Fahrspuren zu markieren. Jeder Mitarbeiter verfügt über zwei wichtige Geräte: ein Walkie-Talkie zur Kommunikation mit allen Stationen und Aufsichtspersonen und ein iPad zur Überprüfung von Terminen oder zur Eingabe von Informationen zu jedem Patienten in eine Datenbank.

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Apr. 28, 2021, 12:03 Uhr ET

Der Impfstoff, den sie verwenden, ist der von Pfizer, was die Komplexität erhöht, da er bei minus 70 Grad Fahrenheit gelagert werden muss. Die Versorgung wird in einem ultrakalten Gefrierschrank aufbewahrt, den das Community Health Center im angrenzenden Fußballstadion der Universität von Connecticut installiert hat. Frau Bissonnette und andere Vorgesetzte rasen dort mehrmals täglich in holprigen Golfwagen, um weitere Fläschchen zu holen, die bei Raumtemperatur nur zwei Stunden halten.

Die ersten Autos rollen um 8:30 Uhr ein, oft gefahren von den erwachsenen Kindern oder Enkelkindern derjenigen, die Schüsse bekommen.

Durchfahrtskliniken können für die Infektionskontrolle besser sein, sagen einige Experten – Menschen rollen ihre Autofenster nur für die Injektion herunter – und komfortabler als in der Schlange zu stehen. Aber einen Monat nach dem Bestehen der Connecticut-Site sind auch ihre Schwächen klar.

Auf der stark befahrenen Straße, die zum Standort führt, kann der Verkehr knurren, und bei schlechtem Wetter kann der Verkehr unterbrochen werden, sodass Hunderte von Terminen kurzfristig verschoben werden müssen. Die fleckige Impfstoffversorgung, die die Standorte in Kalifornien vor kurzem für einige Tage geschlossen hat, kann ebenfalls Chaos anrichten.

Noch wichtiger ist, dass Sie ein Auto, Benzingeld und für einige ältere Menschen einen Fahrer benötigen, um von und zur Baustelle zu gelangen. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt machen Weiße 82 Prozent derjenigen aus, die am Standort East Hartford nach Schüssen suchen, gegenüber 90 Prozent Anfang Februar. Ihre Überrepräsentation ist teilweise darauf zurückzuführen, dass die jetzt förderfähige ältere Bevölkerung weniger vielfältig ist als der Staat insgesamt.

Um die Probleme des Zugangs und der Gerechtigkeit anzugehen, eröffnet die FEMA viele ihrer neuen Massenstandorte in einkommensschwachen, stark schwarzen und lateinamerikanischen Gegenden, in denen die Angst vor dem Impfstoff höher ist, die Impfraten niedriger sind und vielen Menschen Autos fehlen. Zusätzlich zu seinen Massenstandorten plant das Community Health Center, das eine große Anzahl armer und nicht versicherter Menschen in Kliniken im ganzen Bundesstaat versorgt, kleine mobile Teams in die Nachbarschaft zu schicken, um die Reichweite seiner Impfungen zu erhöhen.

Der Standort in East Hartford hat mehrere Dutzend temporäre Krankenschwestern eingestellt und seine Zahnärzte und Zahnhygieniker geschult, um bei den Aufnahmen zu helfen. Dennoch bleibt die tägliche Besetzung des Standorts mit 22 Impfstoffen eine Herausforderung, die auf nationaler Ebene zunehmen wird, wenn mehr Menschen für die Aufnahmen in Frage kommen.

Dr. Marcus Plescia, der Chefarzt der Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, sagte, die Notwendigkeit von Massenimpfstellen könnte abnehmen, da immer mehr niedrig hängende Früchte – Amerikaner, die hoch motiviert sind, sich so schnell wie möglich impfen zu lassen möglich – wird ausgewählt.

“Ich denke, sie haben in der gegenwärtigen Situation der Nachfrage, die das Angebot deutlich übersteigt, gut funktioniert und sich auf viele Menschen gestützt, die sich impfen lassen wollen”, sagte Dr. Plescia. “Wenn das Angebot steigt und wir die Eifrigen geimpft haben, stellen wir möglicherweise fest, dass Einstellungen mit geringerem Volumen vorzuziehen sind.”

Mobile Impfkliniken werden einen Teil des Impfstoffs zögernd erreichen. Dr. Plescia sagte jedoch, dass Menschen, die unsicher und ängstlich sind, am besten von Arztpraxen oder kommunalen Gesundheitszentren bedient werden, wo sie mit bekannten Gesundheitsdienstleistern darüber sprechen können.

“Sie sind nicht da, um Sie zu beraten”, sagte er über Massenstandorte. “Du gehst, um den Schuss zu bekommen, Ende der Geschichte.”

Dr. Nicole Lurie, die unter Präsident Barack Obama die stellvertretende Gesundheitsministerin für Bereitschaft und Reaktion war, sagte, anstatt nur die FEMA um Hilfe zu bitten, sollten die Regierungen von Bundesstaaten und Kommunen Beiträge von privaten Unternehmen einholen, die es gewohnt sind, große Menschenmengen in Bewegung zu halten – und sie gleichzeitig zu halten sicher und glücklich.

In einem solchen Beispiel hat das Unternehmen, das die Massenimpfstellen in Boston betreibt, einen Vertrag mit der Event-Management-Firma abgeschlossen, die den Boston-Marathon für die tägliche Logistik durchführt. Mehrere Unternehmen, die große Coronavirus-Tests durchgeführt haben, sind ebenfalls an Massenimpfungen beteiligt.

“Diese Standorte müssen motiviert werden, um dies für den Kunden zu einer guten Erfahrung zu machen, insbesondere da sie mit einem Impfstoff mit zwei Dosen arbeiten”, sagte Dr. Lurie. “Wenn es wirklich ein Schmerz im Nacken ist, warum sollten Sie ein paar Wochen später wieder in der Schlange stehen?”

Die meisten Standorte geben an, dass ihre größte Herausforderung darin besteht, nicht genügend Angebot zu haben, um die Nachfrage zu befriedigen. Angesichts der bis Ende Mai versprochenen 315 Millionen weiteren Pfizer- und Moderna-Dosen und der Zusage von Johnson & Johnson, den Vereinigten Staaten bis Ende Juni 100 Millionen Dosen ihres neu zugelassenen Impfstoffs zur Verfügung zu stellen, könnte diese Beschwerde in Kürze verblassen.

Das größte Problem für die Website in East Hartford war das System zur Buchung von Terminen, eine klobige Online-Registrierung namens VAMS, die in etwa 10 Bundesstaaten verwendet wird. Vielen Menschen ab 65 Jahren fiel es so schwer, sich darin zurechtzufinden, dass die meisten am Ende 211, die Telefonnummer für die Unterstützung von Gesundheits- und Sozialdiensten, anrufen, um stattdessen Termine zu vereinbaren.

Im Laufe der Stunden werden die ewig lächelnden Impfstoffe in East Hartford müde – und manchmal eiskalt. Aber manchmal gibt es unerwartete Impulse, zum Beispiel als der 65-jährige John Rudy mit seiner Mutter Antoinette auf dem Rücksitz vorfuhr.

“Wir haben einen 100-Jährigen!” Jean Palin, eine Krankenschwester, gab bekannt, als sie Frau Rudys Schuss vorbereitete.

Die Site schließt normalerweise um 16 Uhr, aber es gab ein Problem: An diesem Tag, mitten in einer verschneiten Woche, gab es mehr Nichterscheinen als gewöhnlich, und es gab 30 nicht verwendete Dosen. Die Krankenschwestern vor Ort sprachen davon, auch von Leuten, die in einem nahe gelegenen Big-Box-Laden arbeiteten und nicht alle in Frage kamen, sich aber für einen Impfstoff qualifizieren konnten, wenn die Alternative darin bestand, ihn wegzuwerfen.

“Es ist nur ein Präzisionsspiel gegen Ende des Tages”, sagte Frau Bissonnette.

Um 5:15 Uhr fuhr der 63-jährige Greg Gaudet vor Aufregung tränenreich vor. Er hatte von einer der Krankenschwestern, einer ehemaligen Klassenkameradin der Highschool, erfahren, dass ein Schuss verfügbar war.

“Ich habe einen glücklicherweise ruhenden Krebs, aber meine Immunität ist niedrig”, sagte Herr Gaudet, ein Architekt, dessen Form von Leukämie vor sechs Jahren diagnostiziert wurde. “Ich bin so dankbar.”

Wie viel die Website im Laufe der Zeit kosten wird, bleibt “eine Frage, die wir gerne bearbeiten”, sagte Masselli. Das Community Health Center gab ungefähr 500.000 US-Dollar für die Einrichtung aus und gibt ungefähr 50.000 US-Dollar pro Woche für Arbeit und andere Kosten aus. Es erhält eine Gebühr für jeden Schuss, für den es eine Versicherung in Rechnung stellen kann – der Medicare-Preis beträgt 16,94 USD für die erste Dosis und 28,39 USD für die zweite Dosis -, rechnet jedoch auch mit der Erstattung der Startkosten und anderer Kosten durch den Staat und die FEMA.

Dennoch haben die Kosten Herrn Masselli nicht davon abgehalten, sich eine Erweiterung vorzustellen.

»Da drüben ist noch eine Landebahn«, sagte er und deutete hinter sich. „Zwischen den beiden konnten wir mit zwei Schichten 10.000 pro Tag machen. Der 14. März ist Sommerzeit. Wir werden wärmeres Wetter aufnehmen, mehr Licht. Das Timing ist richtig. “

Categories
Health

CDC scientist says the U.S. is ‘nowhere shut’ to herd immunity

People await vaccinations against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) at Martin Luther King Jr. Community Hospital in Willowbrook, Los Angeles, California on February 25, 2021.

Lucy Nicholson

The US is “far from” achieving herd immunity to Covid, and more communicable variants mean even more people will need to be vaccinated to reach them, a CDC scientist said Friday.

Herd immunity occurs when enough people in a particular community have antibodies to a particular disease, either through vaccination or through previous exposure to the virus. That makes it difficult to spread from person to person and protects even people who don’t have immunity.

“Currently we know that the majority of the US population is not immune to SARS-CoV-2 and variants can cause that portion of the population that is not immune to gain weight,” said Adam MacNeil, epidemiologist at Centers for Disease Control and Contraception.

Reaching the herd immunity threshold in combating new, contagious strains of the virus requires vaccinating a higher proportion of the population, MacNeil said at a meeting of the Food and Drug Administration at which Johnson & Johnson’s application for approval of the Covid-19- Emergency vaccine checked for use.

Scientists don’t believe that immunity lasts forever. It weakens over time, and that could make the outbreak worse as previously protected people become vulnerable to infection, MacNeil said.

His comments come a week after a Wall Street Journal statement claimed the U.S. would achieve herd immunity by April.

While virus variants have been shown to reduce the effectiveness of a Covid vaccine at protecting against infection, vaccines have been shown to be effective at preventing serious illness and hospitalization against the more infectious strains.

Increased vaccination would significantly slow current development of a highly contagious variant of Covid, first identified in the UK, as it became the dominant strain of virus in the US by March, MacNeil said.

He said increased vaccination was critical for the country to hit the benchmark.

“Vaccination has started and hopefully this brings us closer to closing the herd immunity gap.”

Categories
Business

Indonesia will take at the very least a yr to achieve Covid ‘herd immunity’: Minister

Pedestrians walk past a mural depicting Indonesia’s fight against the coronavirus pandemic in Jakarta on August 16, 2020.

Feature China | Barcroft Media via Getty Images

SINGAPORE – Indonesia will take at least a year for a sufficient portion of its population to be immune to Covid-19, the country’s finance minister Sri Mulyani Indrawati told CNBC, stressing that the government must continue spending to support the economy.

“We see that the pandemic is not easing and we have to remain vigilant,” Sri Mulyani told CNBC on Monday as part of the coverage of the World Economic Forum’s Davos agenda.

Indonesia launched its Covid-19 vaccination program earlier this month after approving the emergency vaccine developed by China’s Sinovac Biotech.

Sri Mulyani said conservative estimates by experts showed that it takes Indonesia about 15 months to vaccinate around 180 million people to achieve “herd immunity.” This occurs when enough people in a population develop protection against a disease so that it can no longer easily spread.

We see the pandemic is not easing and we need to remain vigilant.

Sri Mulyani Indrawati

Finance Minister, Indonesia

But President Joko Widodo wants to “speed up” this process to achieve herd immunity within 12 months – which is a “daunting task,” said Sri Mulyani, given the geographic spread of the country. Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago nation with around 250 million inhabitants on thousands of islands.

Meanwhile, Philippine Finance Minister Carlos Dominguez told CNBC – in a separate interview that is also part of the coverage of the Davos Agenda – that his country could vaccinate “the majority of the population” by the end of 2021.

The Philippines are slated to receive their first batch of Covid vaccines next month, Dominguez said. He did not disclose the source of these vaccines, but an Associated Press report said the country was expecting 50,000 doses of China’s Sinovac to be shipped.

Government spending

Indonesia and the Philippines have the highest number of cumulative Covid cases in Southeast Asia, according to Johns Hopkins University.

Indonesia has reported more than 989,200 cumulative infections and over 27,800 deaths. While the Philippines recorded more than 513,600 cases and over 10,200 deaths, Hopkins data showed.

Dominguez said the Philippine government has provided funding for the country’s vaccination program, which is estimated to cost an estimated 82.5 billion Philippine pesos ($ 1.7 billion).

Similarly, Sri Mulyani said Indonesia would prioritize spending on vaccines as well as continued support for low-income households and small businesses. She added that the government had targeted a budget deficit of 5.7% of gross domestic product this year, which is below the previous year’s deficit of 6.1% of GDP.

The Indonesian finance minister said her country weathered the economic blow of the pandemic “relatively well” compared to many countries in the region and the G-20 ethnic group.

The economy is expected to shrink “the deepest” in 2020, around 2.2% before recovering to around 5% growth this year, she added.