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Dr. Scott Gottlieb says U.S. is ‘vastly underestimating’ stage of Covid delta unfold

Dr. Scott Gottlieb told CNBC on Friday that he believes the US is significantly under counting Covid Delta infections, making it difficult to know if the highly communicable strain is causing unexpectedly high hospital admissions and death rates.

“We just don’t know what the denominator is,” said Gottlieb in an interview with “Squawk Box”. “I think we are underestimating the extent of the Delta Spread right now because I think that people who are vaccinated may develop mild symptoms or develop a breakthrough case, by and large, not going out and getting tested. has been vaccinated and you are just catching a mild cold, don’t think you have Covid. “

Coronavirus cases in the United States have increased due to the Delta variant, with the seven-day average of new infections every day a CNBC analysis of data from Johns Hopkins University at 26,448. That’s 67% more than a week ago. The weekly average of new daily deaths has increased to 273 from a week ago, according to CNBC analysis.

“There is no clear evidence that this is more pathogenic, that it causes more serious infections. It is clearly more virulent, it is clearly more contagious” than previous strains of the virus, said Gottlieb, who sits on the board of directors at Covid vaccine manufacturer Pfizer.

If younger Americans get the Delta variant at a higher level compared to earlier points in the pandemic, it is because “younger people remain unvaccinated,” claimed Gottlieb. “When vaccinated people get infected and there are breakthrough infections, they don’t get as sick. They are protected from serious illnesses.”

Delta is now the most common strain of coronavirus in the United States, accounting for more than 57% of cases in the two weeks June 20 through July 3. This is the latest available window on the CDC website.

U.S. health officials have been sounding the alarm for weeks about the potential of the variant to reduce hard-earned advances in reducing infection rates that plummeted in the spring as the American vaccination campaign took off. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, by Friday 48.3% of the country’s population had been fully vaccinated and nearly 56% had received at least one dose.

The Covid vaccination rate is higher in the most vulnerable group of Americans: the elderly. According to the CDC, more than 79% of people aged 65 and over are fully vaccinated and nearly 89% have received at least one dose.

The vast majority of US states with currently high infection rates – defined as at least 100 new cases in the last seven days per 100,000 residents – have vaccinated fewer than 40% of their residents, according to a CNBC analysis completed earlier this week.

Los Angeles County officials responded Thursday to a surge in cases by reintroducing an indoor mask mandate for those who were fully vaccinated. LA County, the most populous county in the country, had lifted its previous mask requirement about a month ago, in conjunction with the lifting of most of its remaining pandemic restrictions by the state of California.

Gottlieb said he doesn’t expect many other state or local governments to follow LA County and put in place abated mitigation measures “because there won’t be much support for mandates at this point.”

“People who are worried about Covid have been vaccinated for the most part. I understand that not everyone could be vaccinated, but most of the people who are worried about this infection have been vaccinated,” said Gottlieb, who was the FDA in 2017 in the Trump administration until 2019.

“People who remain unvaccinated are not worried about the infection or want to wear masks. The bottom line is that this will only spread to the population,” he added.

Disclosure: Scott Gottlieb is a CNBC employee and a member of the board of directors of Pfizer, genetic testing startup Tempus, health technology company Aetion, and biotechnology company Illumina. He is also co-chair of the Healthy Sail Panel of Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings and Royal Caribbean.

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Covid-19 Delta Variant Widens Gulf Between Vaccinated and Unvaccinated

Während viele Amerikaner das scheinbare Abklingen der Pandemie feiern, wird die Sorge um die sogenannte Delta-Variante immer lauter.

Die Variante, die bisher ansteckendste Version des Coronavirus, macht mehr als die Hälfte der Neuinfektionen in den USA aus, berichteten Bundesgesundheitsbeamte diesen Monat. Die Verbreitung der Variante hat die Biden-Administration zu einem energischen neuen Impfschub veranlasst, und Bundesbeamte planen, medizinische Teams in Gemeinden zu entsenden, die mit Ausbrüchen konfrontiert sind, die jetzt unvermeidlich erscheinen.

Infektionen, Krankenhauseinweisungen und Todesfälle nehmen in einigen Bundesstaaten mit niedrigen Impfraten wie Arkansas, Missouri, Texas und Nevada schnell zu und beginnen in allen anderen kleine Anstiege zu zeigen. Auch in New York City haben sich die Kurven nach oben verschoben, und der Anteil positiver Tests in der Stadt hat sich in den letzten Wochen auf knapp über 1 Prozent verdoppelt.

Landesweit bleiben die Zahlen auf einem der niedrigsten Niveaus seit Beginn der Pandemie, tendieren jedoch wieder langsam nach oben, was eine Debatte darüber auslöst, wann Auffrischungsspritzen zum Schutz der Amerikaner erforderlich sein könnten.

Das Virus hat auch weltweit große Ausbrüche ausgelöst, von Japan und Australien bis Indonesien und Südafrika, was viele Länder dazu zwingt, strenge Beschränkungen für soziale Aktivitäten einzuführen. Selbst an Orten wie Großbritannien, wo weite Teile der Bevölkerung geimpft sind, hat die Delta-Variante die Impfbemühungen überholt, das Ziel der Herdenimmunität weiter außer Reichweite gebracht und ein Ende der Pandemie verschoben.

Wissenschaftler sagen jedoch, dass die Amerikaner, selbst wenn die Zahlen bis zum Herbst weiter steigen, die Schrecken des letzten Winters wahrscheinlich nicht erneut erleben oder in absehbarer Zeit Auffrischungsspritzen benötigen werden.

Wenn Großbritanniens Erfahrung ein Vorbote für das ist, was noch kommen wird, könnte die Gesamtzahl der Infektionen steigen, wenn sich die Delta-Variante in den USA ausbreitet. Krankenhausaufenthalte und Todesfälle werden jedoch wahrscheinlich viel niedriger sein als nach dem Aufkommen früherer Varianten, da sich das Durchschnittsalter der Infizierten nach unten verschoben hat und junge Menschen zu leichten Symptomen neigen.

Ebenso wichtig ist, dass Impfstoffe gegen die Delta-Variante wirksam sind und bereits ein Bollwerk gegen ihre Verbreitung darstellen.

„Ich denke, die Vereinigten Staaten haben sich aus einem national koordinierten Anstieg geimpft, obwohl wir so ziemlich überall Fälle erwarten“, sagte Bill Hanage, Epidemiologe an der Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health.

„Delta erzeugt eine Menge Lärm, aber ich glaube nicht, dass es richtig ist, eine riesige Alarmglocke zu läuten.“

Dennoch wird es wahrscheinlich vereinzelte Ausbrüche in Taschen mit geringer Impfung geben, sagten er und andere Wissenschaftler voraus. Der Grund ist einfach: Das Muster des Schutzes gegen das Coronavirus in den USA ist sehr uneinheitlich.

Im Großen und Ganzen weisen der Westen und Nordosten relativ hohe Impfraten auf, während der Süden die geringsten hat. Die geimpften und ungeimpften „zwei Amerikas“ – wie Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, der führende Berater der Regierung in Bezug auf die Pandemie, sie genannt hat – sind ebenfalls nach politischen Gesichtspunkten gespalten.

Landkreise, die für Herrn Biden gestimmt haben, durchschnittlich höhere Impfraten als diejenigen, die für Donald Trump gestimmt haben. Konservative lehnen Impfungen viel häufiger ab als Demokraten.

„Ich erwarte nicht, dass wir uns der Art von Chaos nähern, die wir zuvor gesehen haben“, sagte Kristian Andersen, Virologe am Scripps Research Institute in San Diego. “Es wird Cluster geben, und zwar in Staaten, in denen Sie niedrige Impfraten haben.”

In einem Land, das seine Pandemie mit einer großflächigen Impfung kurzfristig beenden sollte, ist die Delta-Variante gut darauf ausgelegt, die kulturelle Kluft zu nutzen. Das Virus scheint die schlimmsten Eigenschaften früherer Varianten zu kombinieren, bemerkte Dr. Andersen.

Die Variante wurde erstmals in Indien identifiziert, wo ihr ein überwältigender Anstieg zugeschrieben wird, der die Zahl des Landes auf fast 30 Millionen Infektionen und mindestens 400.000 Todesfälle brachte. Das Virus breitete sich schnell nach Großbritannien aus, wo es jetzt die Quelle von 99 Prozent der Fälle ist. Seitdem ist es in 104 Ländern und allen 50 amerikanischen Bundesstaaten aufgetaucht.

Von Public Health England gesammelte Daten zeigen, dass die Delta-Variante bis zu 60 Prozent ansteckender ist als die Alpha-Variante, die selbst mindestens 50 Prozent ansteckender war als die ursprüngliche Form des Virus. Delta scheint auch in der Lage zu sein, dem Immunsystem teilweise auszuweichen, wie die Beta-Variante, die erstmals in Südafrika identifiziert wurde, wenn auch in geringerem Maße. Und einige Berichte deuten darauf hin, dass Delta schwerere Infektionen verursachen kann.

Aber die Ansteckung macht die Delta-Variante zu einer gewaltigen Bedrohung, sagte Dr. Hanage. „Die Tatsache, dass Delta in diesen ungeimpften Teilen in der Mitte des Landes so schnell angekommen ist und sich so gut entwickelt hat, deutet für mich darauf hin, dass der Löwenanteil seines Vorteils aus dieser verbesserten Übertragbarkeit besteht“, sagte er.

Das bedeutet, dass die Strategien, die gegen frühere Versionen des Virus funktionierten, möglicherweise weniger effektiv sind, um die Ausbreitung von Delta einzudämmen und auf absehbare Zeit die Tür für sporadische Ausbrüche in den Vereinigten Staaten öffnen.

Wer gegen das Coronavirus geimpft wurde, muss sich keine Sorgen machen. Berichte über Infektionen mit der Delta-Variante bei vollständig geimpften Menschen in Israel mögen die Menschen alarmiert haben, aber praktisch alle verfügbaren Daten deuten darauf hin, dass die Impfstoffe einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren Erkrankungen, Krankenhausaufenthalten und Tod durch alle bestehenden Varianten des Coronavirus bieten.

Selbst eine einzige Dosis von Impfstoffen, die zwei Impfungen erfordert, scheint die schwersten Symptome zu verhindern, obwohl dies eine geringere Barriere gegen symptomatische Erkrankungen darstellt – was es zu einer dringenden Priorität macht, Menschen an Orten wie Großbritannien, die sich dafür entschieden haben, die erste Dosis zu priorisieren, dringende Priorität.

Wie in Israel hat Großbritannien Delta-Infektionen bei geimpften Menschen gesehen, aber sie waren hauptsächlich bei Menschen, die großen Mengen des Virus ausgesetzt waren – zum Beispiel Gesundheitspersonal, Taxi- und Busfahrer – und bei denen, die möglicherweise eine schwache Immunantwort aufgebaut haben, weil ihres Alters oder Gesundheitszustands, sagte Dr. Muge Cevik, Experte für Infektionskrankheiten an der University of St. Andrews in Schottland und wissenschaftlicher Berater der britischen Regierung.

In Ländern mit niedrigen Impfraten hat die Delta-Variante jedoch fruchtbaren Boden gefunden. In Afrika, wo nur etwa 1 Prozent der Bevölkerung vollständig geimpft ist, verdoppelt sich die Prävalenz der Variante etwa alle drei Wochen. Die Zahl der Fälle auf dem gesamten Kontinent stieg in der Woche zum 27. Juni im Vergleich zur Vorwoche um 25 Prozent und die Zahl der Todesfälle um 15 Prozent.

In den Vereinigten Staaten ist die Situation viel weniger schlimm, wo fast 60 Prozent der Erwachsenen vollständig geimpft sind. Sogar Mississippi, der Staat mit der niedrigsten Impfrate, hat 43 Prozent der Erwachsenen geschützt. Bundesweit ist Covid-19 von der führenden Todesursache im Januar auf die siebte mit durchschnittlich 330 Todesfällen pro Tag zurückgegangen.

In Landkreisen, in denen weniger als 30 Prozent der Einwohner vollständig geimpft sind, nehmen die Fälle jedoch schnell zu. Und der Trend wird sich wahrscheinlich beschleunigen, wenn das Wetter abkühlt und die Menschen nach drinnen gehen, wo das Virus gedeiht.

Wenn die Prävalenz in diesen Gemeinden hoch genug ansteigt, besteht auch für geimpfte Menschen das Risiko einer Ansteckung, wenn auch nicht einer schweren Erkrankung. Darüber hinaus kann die Variante Möglichkeiten finden, weiter im Umlauf zu bleiben.

Eine kürzlich durchgeführte Studie verband 47 Infektionsfälle mit der Delta-Variante mit einer Indoor-Sporthalle, darunter drei Personen, die eine Dosis des Pfizer-BioNTech- oder Moderna-Impfstoffs erhalten hatten, und vier Personen, die vollständig immunisiert waren.

Verstehen Sie die Covid-Krise in Indien

„Wenn es eine Population von ungeimpften Personen gibt, können die Impfstoffe ihre Aufgabe wirklich nicht erfüllen“, sagte Stacia Wyman, Expertin für Computergenomik an der University of California, Berkeley. “Und das ist, wo Delta wirklich ein Problem ist.”

Großbritanniens Erfahrungen mit der Delta-Variante haben gezeigt, wie wichtig nicht nur die Impfung ist, sondern auch die ihr zugrunde liegende Strategie. Das Land ordnete die Impfungen streng nach Alter an, angefangen bei den ältesten bis hin zu wenigen Ausnahmen für jüngere wichtige Arbeiter außerhalb des medizinischen Berufes.

Das bedeutete, dass die Schwächsten zuerst geschützt wurden, während der sozial aktivste Teil der Bevölkerung – jüngere Menschen – bis vor kurzem weitgehend ungeschützt war. Jüngere Menschen waren maßgeblich an der Verbreitung des Virus beteiligt.

In England bekam jeder in seinen späten Teenager- und Zwanzigerjahren erst Mitte Juni, zwei Monate später als in den Vereinigten Staaten, Anspruch auf eine Spritze, und viele warten immer noch auf eine zweite Dosis. Diese zweiten Dosen sind mit der Verbreitung von Delta umso wichtiger geworden, da die Variante in einigen Fällen die ersten Dosen übertrifft.

In einer Studie, die letzte Woche in der Zeitschrift Nature veröffentlicht wurde, konnten nur etwa 10 Prozent der Blutproben von Personen, die eine Dosis des AstraZeneca- oder Pfizer-BioNtech-Impfstoffs erhielten, die Delta-Variante neutralisieren, verglichen mit 95 Prozent derjenigen, die eine Dosis erhielten beide Dosen. (Andere Studien legen jedoch nahe, dass eine Einzeldosis mindestens ausreicht, um schwere Erkrankungen und den Tod zu verhindern.)

Mehr als 90 Prozent der Menschen über 55 sind in Großbritannien vollständig geimpft. Das hat den Tribut an Krankenhäusern nach der Verbreitung der Delta-Variante nicht ganz abgemildert: Die Patienteneinweisungen steigen in den letzten Tagen ebenso schnell wie die Fälle, ein Hinweis darauf, dass einige Infektionen immer noch unweigerlich zu schweren Erkrankungen führen. Der Anteil der Fälle, die zu Krankenhauseinweisungen führten, ist jedoch geringer als in den vorherigen Wellen.

„Das tatsächliche Übertragungsmuster konzentriert sich wirklich stark auf die ungeimpfte Bevölkerung, die in Großbritannien fast ausschließlich junge Menschen sind“, sagte Jeffrey Barrett, der die Coronavirus-Sequenzierungsinitiative am Wellcome Sanger Institute leitet. “Man bekommt Fälle, aber sie werden normalerweise nicht sehr krank.”

In den USA verzeichnen einige Bundesstaaten bereits einen Anstieg der Krankenhauseinweisungen. Auch wenn diese Zahlen im Vergleich zum letzten Winter gering bleiben, werden sie Krankenhäuser in Bundesstaaten wie Oregon, die aufgrund anderer Faktoren, wie der Hitzewelle, bereits voll ausgelastet sind, belasten.

“Wir haben nicht wirklich einen großen Spielraum für Fehler”, sagte Brian O’Roak, ein Genetiker an der Oregon Health and Science University in Portland. “Wenn wir einen starken Anstieg der Krankenhauseinweisungen sehen, werden wir wieder da sein, wo wir beim letzten Anstieg waren.”

In den vorangegangenen Wellen gab es in den USA einen sauberen, linearen Zusammenhang zwischen der Zahl der Infektionen, Krankenhausaufenthalte und Todesfälle. Glücklicherweise gelten diese Muster nicht für die Delta-Variante, da ein großer Teil der Menschen mit dem höchsten Risiko inzwischen geimpft wurde.

Das Land öffnete auch Impfungen für alle Erwachsenen und sogar für 12- bis 17-Jährige, die Übertragungsketten effektiver unterbrechen können als in Großbritannien.

Der in Großbritannien vertriebene AstraZeneca-Impfstoff scheint bei der Vorbeugung von Infektionen mit Delta weniger wirksam zu sein als die in den Vereinigten Staaten verbreiteteren mRNA-Impfstoffe. Auch das könnte den USA einen Vorteil gegenüber der Variante verschaffen.

Aufgrund der teilweisen Fähigkeit von Delta, das Immunsystem zu untergraben, scheint die Rate der Durchbruchinfektionen – Fälle, die trotz Impfung auftreten – bei der Variante mit Ausnahme von Beta höher zu sein als bei früheren Formen des Virus.

Viele Experten befürchten, dass selbst leichte Infektionen das Risiko für sogenanntes Long-Covid erhöhen, die Konstellation von Symptomen, die Monate nach Abklingen einer aktiven Infektion bestehen bleiben kann. Das warf eine erschreckende Aussicht auf: eine Zunahme von Langzeiterkrankungen in ungeimpften Regionen.

Aber viele Wissenschaftler glauben jetzt, dass es unwahrscheinlich ist, dass Durchbruchinfektionen das Syndrom verursachen. Wenn eine geimpfte Person infiziert ist, kann das Virus einige Replikationsrunden durchlaufen, aber “die Immunantwort ist so schnell und so robust, dass sie die Infektion im Grunde stoppt”, sagte Angela Rasmussen, Virologin bei Vaccine und Organisation für Infektionskrankheiten an der University of Saskatchewan in Kanada.

Die Coronavirus-Pandemie begann als Flickenteppich in den USA, und die Delta-Variante scheint das Muster wahrscheinlich wiederherzustellen, glauben viele Experten. Und das Virus wird wahrscheinlich nicht die letzte ernsthafte Bedrohung sein. Bereits die in Brasilien identifizierte Gamma-Variante hat im Bundesstaat Washington Fuß gefasst, und eine neuere Variante, Lambda, ist in Südamerika auf dem Vormarsch.

„Die Leute sind positiv gesinnt, aber das ist erst der Anfang“, sagt Ravindra Gupta, Virologe an der University of Cambridge. “Das wird ein langsames Brennen.”

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Delta CEO says delta Covid variant has had no impression on bookings

A Delta Airlines Boeing 757-251 approaches Washington Ronald Reagan National Airport (DCA) in Arlington, Virginia on February 24, 2021.

Daniel Slim | AFP | Getty Images

The spread of the highly transmissible delta variant of Covid-19 hasn’t hurt Delta Air Lines’ bookings, CEO Ed Bastian said Wednesday.

“We haven’t seen any impact at all from the variant,” Bastian said in an interview with CNBC’s “Squawk Box,” shortly after reporting better-than-expected quarterly revenue.

Other airline CEOs including those of American Airlines and United Airlines have also said that domestic leisure bookings have largely rebounded to 2019 levels recently and that business travel is also recovering, though at a much slower pace.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention last week said the delta Covid variant became the dominant strain in the U.S. earlier this month, sparking concerns about its rapid spread, particularly among the unvaccinated.

But summer travel and future travel bookings remain strong. Domestic leisure travel is at — “if not beyond” — levels last seen in 2019, before the pandemic, Bastian said.

“As the news of the variant’s spreading, we haven’t seen any slowdown at all,” Bastian said, citing bookings 60 to 90 days in advance. “We’re learning to live with this.”

Bastian added that 72% of Delta’s employees are vaccinated and a “vast majority” of surveyed customers say they have also been vaccinated.

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Hospitalizations rising once more as delta variant spreads among the many unvaccinated, medical doctors say

A mobile Covid-19 vaccination center outside Bolton City Hall in Bolton, where the number of cases of the Delta variant identified for the first time in India was relatively high.

Peter Byrne | PA pictures | Getty Images

Top infectious disease specialists say the spread of the Delta variant over unvaccinated parts of the country is causing flares and spikes in hospital admissions as cases rise.

The number of cases is on the rise again nationwide, as the highly transferable variant prevails as the dominant burden in the USA.The seven-day average of the newly confirmed Covid cases has risen to around 23,300 per day, almost twice as high as the average a week ago . according to data compiled by Johns Hopkins University.

Health officials and doctors have hoped that high vaccination rates among the most vulnerable and oldest Americans would also prevent hospitalizations, which are generally delayed by a few weeks. But that hasn’t happened before, doctors said in a call hosted Tuesday by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

“Hospital admissions and ICU deaths are all lagging behind (new cases), so we expect these to get worse, much worse, over the next two to three weeks,” Dr. Andrew T. Pavia, director of pediatric infectious diseases at the University of Utah School of Medicine, said on the call.

Hospital stays are on the rise again as the Delta variant spreads among the unvaccinated, doctors say doctors

After several weeks of declining infections, cases are rising again in many parts of the country, said Dr. Jay Butler, associate director of infectious diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, on the conference call. “Unfortunately, this has also been accompanied by an increase in hospital admissions and emergency room reviews for people who have ultimately been confirmed to have Covid-19,” he said.

Since the Delta variant is spreading in the US, it hits states with low vaccination rates particularly hard. First discovered in India in October, the variant quickly spreads to more than 100 countries around the world and has established itself as the dominant variety in America in just a few weeks.

“When the Delta strain emerged, it quickly became the dominant strain … For the last full week of data, more than 80% of the viruses sequenced were Delta viruses, and this week 92% of all variants” (in Utah) said Pavia. “When you think about what it means for a virus to spread so quickly, it means that it is the most suitable virus that spreads more efficiently, that it spreads in unvaccinated pockets, causing a lot of disease and a lot of stress . “

In Missouri, Arkansas, Nevada, Utah, and Florida, cases have risen faster than any other state in the past few weeks. New infections and hospital admissions are highest in rural areas, where vaccination rates are low, Pavia said. “That’s what drives outbreak vulnerability.”

In Utah, infection rates are highest among young people ages 15 to 45, and hospital admissions are similarly higher in these younger age groups than they were earlier in the pandemic, he said.

About 80% of Americans over 65, the most vulnerable population group, are fully vaccinated, which helps reduce hospital costs. Scientists have yet to figure out whether or not the Delta variant makes people sicker than the original ancestral tribe.

US health officials and doctors still disagree on whether or not a booster vaccination will be required in the fall or winter.

“We don’t see any evidence at this point that people who were vaccinated last December or January have declining immunity and are at greater risk of breakthrough infections,” said Butler, of the CDC.

Based on statements made by World Health Organization officials Monday, Butler also said that breakthrough cases are often milder and that vaccines are extremely effective at reducing hospital stays and deaths.

“There’s even evidence that people with breakthrough infections who are fully immunized shed fewer viruses … this may reduce the risk of spreading it to others,” Butler said.

The WHO recently recommended that both vaccinated and unvaccinated people continue to wear masks and practice social distancing, citing the reduced effectiveness of the vaccine against the Delta variant and increased social mixing in countries with different vaccination rates.

“Everyone wants this to be over, and a lot of the behavior that I think is driving the spread of infection is people wanting it to be over, and pretending it’s over, and even really give up the more humble precautions like wearing masks. ” said Pavia.

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Europe struggles to interrupt freed from Covid restrictions as delta variant surges

People celebrated the end of the coronavirus curfew in Barcelona, Spain, on May 9, 2021. Now, Catalonia is reimposing restrictions amid a surge in Covid cases.

NurPhoto | NurPhoto | Getty Images

LONDON — Europe is struggling to contain a surge in Covid-19 cases caused by the delta variant, but while several countries reimpose measures to control the spread, the U.K. is taking the plunge and lifting restrictions.

From residual vaccine skepticism in some countries, to surges in infections linked to nightlife resuming, Europe is having to contend with competing needs: the reopening of crucial economic sectors this summer, while at the same time, curbing surging cases.

It’s not an easy balance to strike and, erring on the side of caution, a number of countries – including France, the Netherlands, Greece and Spain – announced new restrictions on Monday in a bid to curb the rise in infections, particularly among younger people who are the last in the queue to be vaccinated against Covid.

Mandatory vaccines?

In France, President Emmanuel Macron announced that for health and care workers, vaccines would be mandatory, and that a “health pass” (an app showing one’s vaccination status or recent negative test) would soon be required to access culture or leisure venues of a larger capacity. From August, the pass will be mandatory to access cafes, restaurants, malls, planes and trains in France. Lastly, in a bid to encourage vaccination take-up, PCR tests will stop being free from the fall unless they’re part of a prescription.

“If we do not act today, the number of cases will continue to rise sharply, and will inevitably lead to increased hospitalizations from the month of August,” Macron told the public in a televised address.

Similarly, Greece’s Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis also gave a televised address Monday in which he announced that Covid shots would be mandatory for nursing home and healthcare workers and that only vaccinated people will be allowed indoors in bars, cinemas, theaters and enclosed spaces.

Greece, like France, has struggled to encourage vaccine take up among more skeptical members of the public.

Imploring people to take up Covid shots, Mitsotakis said: “The country will not be shut down again by the attitude of some. It will give freedom to many. And protection for all. Because it is not Greece that is in danger, but the unvaccinated Greeks.”

Danny Altmann, professor of immunology at Imperial College London, told CNBC Tuesday that the divergent approaches showed just how nuanced the issue was.

“[It illustrates] how difficult it is and hard for any policy makers and scientists to make assertions against such a formidable and unpredictable foe,” he said. “We make predictions at our peril.”

Nightlife

The highly-transmissible delta variant of the coronavirus is reeking particular havoc among Europe’s younger populations as economies had started to allow their nightlife leisure venues to reopen, some after many months of closure. Vaccination rates among younger people lag in the region, however, with many only just being invited to receive their first dose.

While countries like France and Greece are still struggling to convince everyone to get the vaccine, other countries are rushing to administer shots to younger people, seen as both vectors of the virus through socializing, and more vulnerable given their partial or unvaccinated status.

A study in the U.K. in May found that two doses of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or AstraZeneca-University of Oxford vaccine give effective protection against the delta Covid variant, first discovered in India. Having just one dose, or being unvaccinated, makes individuals far more vulnerable to infection, however.

Rising Covid infections saw Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte admit on Monday that Covid restrictions had been lifted too soon at the end of June. On Monday, 8,522 new Covid cases were confirmed and on Saturday, the country reported its highest number of cases since Christmas.

Rutte’s comments came after the government conceded it was caught off-guard by the rising infection rate. It announced Friday that it would have to reimpose rules on bars and restaurants and close nightclubs, just days after they were reopened, in a bid to curb the spread among younger people.

Spain has also had to backtrack on the lifting of measures. On Monday, officials said the country’s two-week Covid-19 contagion rate was still rising, more than tripling in two weeks, Reuters reported. However, health emergency chief Fernando Simon said the pace of increase had reduced in recent days and the latest wave could be nearing its peak.

Nonetheless, new restrictions were announced in Catalonia and Valencia last week, including the closure of most night-time venues, as well as limits on social gatherings. In Valencia, the regional government asked its court to authorize a curfew on towns with more than 5,000 inhabitants that are considered high-risk, including on its capital Valencia and tourist favorite Benicassim.

For its part, Germany is seeing a slow rise (albeit from a low level) in Covid infections as many parts of the country relax restrictions.

There is a reluctance among officials (including Chancellor Angela Merkel and Foreign Minister Heiko Maas) to continue restrictions any longer than necessary. Nonetheless, the country is watching what’s happening in neighboring nations carefully. 

Since Sunday, Germany has imposed stricter restrictions on visitors from Spain who must now present proof of vaccination against Covid, proof of recent recovery from the virus or negative test results otherwise they must quarantine on arrival.

In sharp contrast, the UK

In sharp contrast to its continental cousins, the U.K. government confirmed on Monday that it will lift its remaining restrictions on July 19, despite its own infection rate remaining high, Over 34,000 new cases were reported in the U.K. Monday, marking the sixth consecutive day that Covid infections have been above 30,000.

Speaking in Parliament, Health Secretary Sajid Javid said that after monitoring the latest data, the government does not expect Covid infection rates to put unsustainable pressure on the National Health Service.

“We firmly believe that this is the right time to get our nation closer to normal life,” Javid said.

“Now, to those who say: Why take this step now? I say, if not now, when? There will never be a perfect time to take this step because we simply cannot eradicate this virus.”

Professor Altmann said the U.K.’s strategy was “a gamble,” but noted that, with its advanced vaccination program, the country was not in the same place as in the start of the year when the alpha variant emerged.

“Because of the vaccine we’re in a different place but let’s not construe that as meaning that the NHS isn’t under pressure or NHS doctors aren’t terrified of another wave. There are still dangers out there,” he said.

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Most absolutely vaccinated individuals who get Covid delta infections are asymptomatic, WHO says

World Health Organization Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus R speaks at a daily briefing in Geneva, Switzerland.

Chen Junxia | Xinhua News Agency | Getty Images

People fully vaccinated against Covid-19 still get the Delta variant, but global health officials said the vaccinations saved most people from getting seriously ill or dying.

“There are reports that vaccinated populations have cases of infection, particularly with the Delta variant,” said Dr. Soumya Swaminathan, the chief scientist of the World Health Organization, at a press conference on Monday. “Most of these are mild or asymptomatic infections.”

However, hospital admissions are on the rise in some parts of the world, especially where vaccination rates are low and the highly contagious Delta variant is spreading, she said.

In the US, officials said virtually all recent hospital admissions and deaths from Covid have occurred in people who have not been vaccinated. Breakthrough infections are rare, and about 75% of people who die or are hospitalized after being vaccinated with Covid are over 65, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

“The Delta variant is spreading around the world at a breakneck pace, driving the number of cases and deaths again. However, the same hit does not suffer everywhere,” said WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. “We are in the midst of a growing two-pronged pandemic, with the haves and the have-nots growing divergent within and between countries in high-vaccination locations.”

The variant spreads quickly and infects unprotected and vulnerable people, he said.

Swaminathan warned that vaccinated people can still get Covid and pass it on to others, which is why WHO officials have urged people to continue wearing masks and practice social distancing. “But it certainly greatly reduces your chances of severe hospitalization and death,” she added.

Some studies have shown that those who are infected with Covid after vaccination produce much fewer virus than those who are not vaccinated, which reduces the risk of spreading the virus to others. WHO officials said more studies are needed to understand the impact of the vaccines on transmissibility.

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England anticipated to substantiate lockdown lifting regardless of fears over delta surge

Football fans wrapped in English flags stand in front of Wembley Stadium ahead of the Euro 2020 England v Italy final.

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LONDON – UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson is expected to confirm on Monday that the final easing of lockdown rules in England will take place on July 19th.

The move comes despite a sustained surge in coronavirus cases caused by the more contagious Delta variant. Over 31,000 new cases were reported in the UK on Sunday.

However, Johnson is expected to caution as the country reopens, stressing that some public actions, such as the wearing of masks, are a matter of personal responsibility and sensible choice. Johnson had previously said Covid should “become a virus we learn to live with,” like the flu.

In comments the government released Monday morning, Johnson said, “We’re temptingly close to the final milestone on our lockdown roadmap, but the plan to restore our freedoms must come with a warning.”

“While the phenomenal introduction of vaccines has offered every adult some protection from the virus and the critical link between cases, hospital admissions and deaths has been weakened, the global pandemic is not over.”

Johnson said Covid cases will increase if the country is unlocked. “As we confirm our plans today, our message will be clear. Caution is absolutely essential. “

Freedom Day – or step 4 in the government’s long-term plan to ease restrictions – has been postponed to July 19, after it was previously scheduled for June 21.

The government has said that “four tests” to relax Covid restrictions must be passed before relaxation can continue, including examining data to confirm vaccine adoption continues successfully and infection rates do not spike in hospital stays take risk.

The latest data will be presented on Monday, “with current modeling suggesting that Covid cases will continue to increase if restrictions are relaxed,” the government said in a statement on Monday.

“Hospitalizations, serious illnesses and deaths will also continue, albeit at a much lower level than before the vaccination program,” it said.

The delay in easing restrictions came when the variant of Delta Covid, originally discovered in India, spread across the country. While infection rates have increased, hospital admissions and deaths have not increased (although there was a slight increase in these latter two records), suggesting that coronavirus vaccines are preventing serious infections.

The analysis suggests that the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine is 96% effective against hospitalization after two doses and the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine is 92% effective.

The UK’s Covid vaccination program has been one of the fastest in the world, with 87.1% of the adult population now receiving a first dose of a vaccine and 66% two doses, government data shows.

The government said Monday that vaccination rollout will be further accelerated by moving second doses for under 40 to eight weeks.

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Citing the Delta Variant, Pfizer Will Pursue Booster Pictures and a New Vaccine

Pfizer and BioNTech announced Thursday that they are developing a version of the coronavirus vaccine that will target Delta, a highly contagious variant that has spread to nearly 100 countries. The companies expect to begin clinical trials of the vaccine in August.

Pfizer and BioNTech also reported promising results from studies of people who received a third dose of the original vaccine. A booster shot six months after the second dose of the vaccine increases the effectiveness of the antibodies against the original virus and beta variant by five to ten-fold, the companies say.

The vaccine’s effectiveness could decline six months after immunization, the companies said in a press release, and booster doses may be needed to fight off virus variants.

The data were neither published nor peer-reviewed. The vaccine manufacturers said they expected to submit their results to the Food and Drug Administration in the coming weeks, a step toward approval for booster shots.

But the companies’ claims contradict other research, and several experts dismissed the claim that boosters are needed.

“Given the variants currently circulating, there is really no evidence of a third booster or a third dose of an mRNA vaccine,” said Dr. Celine Gounder, an infectious disease specialist at Bellevue Hospital Center in New York. “In fact, many of us wonder if you’ll ever need boosters.”

Federal authorities also sounded dubious on Thursday night. In general, Americans who have been fully vaccinated currently do not need a booster vaccination, the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a joint statement.

“We are prepared for booster doses when science shows they are needed,” the authorities said.

The Delta variant, first identified in India, is believed to be about 60 percent more contagious than Alpha, the version of the virus that ripped through the UK and much of Europe earlier this year, and perhaps twice as contagious as the original coronavirus.

The delta variant is now causing outbreaks among unvaccinated populations in countries like Malaysia, Portugal, Indonesia and Australia. In the USA, too, Delta is now the dominant variant, the CDC reported this week.

Until recently, infections in the US were at their lowest level since the pandemic began. Hospital stays and deaths related to the virus have continued to decline, but new infections could increase.

It is not yet clear to what extent the variant is responsible for this; A slower vaccination campaign and quick reopenings also play a role.

Citing data from Israel, Pfizer and BioNTech suggest that the effectiveness of their vaccine “in preventing infections and symptomatic illnesses decreased six months after vaccination.” Given the surge in Delta and other variants, the companies said “a third dose may be required within 6 to 12 months of full vaccination”.

Updated

July 11, 2021 at 1:57 p.m. ET

Health officials in Israel have estimated that full vaccination with the Pfizer BioNTech is only 64 percent effective against the Delta variant. (It is more than 90 percent effective against the original virus.)

But Israel’s estimates have been disproved by a number of other studies which found the vaccine to be very effective at preventing infection – against all variants. For example, a recent study showed that mRNA vaccines like those from Pfizer trigger a sustained immune response in the body that can protect against the coronavirus for years.

“Pfizer is looking opportunistic by putting an announcement on the back of very early and undigested data from Israel,” said John Moore, a virologist at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York. “When the time comes to use boosters here, the decision is not up to you.”

The companies described their plan to develop a new vaccine against Delta as a kind of backup measure in case the original vaccine replenishment fails. The new vaccine targets all of the spike protein, not a portion, and the first batch has already been made.

The delta variant poses challenges for the immune system. In the journal Nature on Thursday, French researchers reported new evidence that the delta variant can partially bypass the body’s immune response, as changes to the spike protein on its surface make it difficult for antibodies to attack.

The team analyzed blood samples from 59 people after they received the first and second doses of the vaccine. Blood samples from just 10 percent of those immunized with a dose of the AstraZeneca or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines were able to neutralize the Delta and Beta variants in laboratory tests.

“A single dose of Pfizer or AstraZeneca was either poorly effective or not effective at all against beta and delta variants,” the researchers concluded. Data from Israel and the UK largely support this finding, although those studies also suggested that one dose of vaccine was still enough to prevent hospitalization or death from the virus.

But a second dose increased the effectiveness to 95 percent. There was not much difference in the levels of antibodies produced by the two vaccines.

“When you receive two doses of an mRNA vaccine, you are very well protected against serious illness, hospitalization and death for each of the variants,” said Dr. Gounder.

The researchers also looked at blood samples from 103 people infected with the coronavirus. Delta was much less sensitive than Alpha to samples from unvaccinated individuals in this group, the study found.

One dose of vaccine increased sensitivity significantly, suggesting that people who have recovered from Covid-19 may still need to be vaccinated to fight off some variants.

Taken together, the results suggest that two doses of the vaccine provide strong protection against all variants, as does one dose for people who have recovered from Covid-19 and have some natural immunity.

Some experts also questioned discussions about boosters for Americans while much of the world has not yet received a single dose.

“It’s impossible to ignore the global situation,” said Natalie Dean, biostatistician at Emory University in Atlanta. “I find it hard to imagine getting a third dose when there are front line workers treating Covid patients who have not yet been vaccinated.”

Every unvaccinated person offers the virus additional opportunities to mutate into dangerous variants, said Dr. Gounder feast.

“If we are concerned about variants,” she said, “our best protection is to get the rest of the world vaccinated, and not to hoard more doses to give people here in the US third doses of mRNA vaccines. “

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Mississippi well being officers plead with aged to keep away from mass indoor gatherings as delta Covid variant rips by state

Medical workers with Delta Health Center wait to vaccinate people at a pop-up Covid-19 vaccination clinic in this rural Delta community on April 27, 2021 in Hollandale, Mississippi.

Spencer Platt | Getty Images

Mississippi state health officials issued new guidance on Friday that calls for state residents over the age of 65 and immunocompromised residents, vaccinated or unvaccinated, to avoid any indoor mass gatherings for the next two weeks amid “significant transmission” of the delta variant over the coming weeks.

The new guidance is in place until July 26 and is not mandatory. The guidance should instead be considered a recommendation.

“We’re not recommending any mandates. What we’re doing is we’re providing personal recommendations for individuals who are at high risk for severe outcomes,” Mississippi State Health Officer Dr. Thomas Dobbs said during a press briefing Friday. “We don’t want anybody to die needlessly.”

Dobbs said he currently “does not anticipate” the guidance being expanded to other age groups in the future.

Officials said they are starting to see significant transmission of the delta variant that is very reminiscent of what was seen in the early days of the pandemic. Mississippi state health epidemiologist Dr. Paul Byers specifically highlighted church groups, school and summer programs, funeral gatherings and workplaces as well as long-term care facilities as areas where officials are already seeing spikes in infections.

“We have directly identified that they are the result of the delta variant, and the transmission … has been pretty significant,” Byers said at the press briefing Friday.

The state is second to last to Alabama out of all states when it comes to the percentage of the population that is fully vaccinated with two doses. About 25% of Mississippians over age 65 are still unvaccinated, and make up the majority of Covid deaths in the state. State health officials also said they are seeing deaths in vaccinated residents as well, “because we are exposing them over and over again,” Dobbs said, though it is a miniscule percentage.

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Graph shows cases, hospitalizations and deaths among vaccinated vs unvaccinated in Mississippi from June 3 to July 1, 2021.

Mississippi State Health Department

Mississippi is ranked last in the country in its share of adults with at least one Covid shot and the state is also ranked last in the country in the percentage of residents age 12 and older with at least one shot.

“I don’t think that we’re going to have some miraculous increase in our vaccination rate over the next few weeks, so people are going to die needlessly,” Dobbs warned.

State health officials asked vaccinated residents to speak with others about their experience with the vaccine in an effort to raise awareness about the safety and efficacy of the shots.

“Let people, let your family know, let your neighbors know, let your friends know,” Dobbs said. “There’s no more powerful message than trust and faith for people to know how widely utilized the vaccine has been, and understand that people are safe and excited to be protected.”

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Research Particulars How Delta Variant Dodges Immune System

The delta variant of the coronavirus can evade antibodies that target specific parts of the virus, according to a new study published in Nature on Thursday. The results provide an explanation for the reduced effectiveness of the vaccines against Delta compared to other variants.

The variant first identified in India is believed to be about 60 percent more contagious than Alpha, the version of the virus that hit Britain and much of Europe earlier this year, and perhaps twice as contagious as the original coronavirus. The delta variant is now causing outbreaks among unvaccinated populations in countries like Malaysia, Portugal, Indonesia and Australia.

Delta is now also the dominant variant in the USA. Infections in the country have been at their lowest level since the pandemic began, although the numbers may rise. Still, hospital admissions and deaths related to the virus remain steep. That’s partly because of the relatively high vaccination rates: 48 percent of Americans are fully vaccinated and 55 percent have received at least one dose.

But the new study found that Delta was barely sensitive to a dose of the vaccine, confirming previous research suggesting the variant can partially bypass the immune system – albeit to a lesser extent than Beta, the variant first identified in South Africa.

French researchers tested how well antibodies produced by natural infections and by coronavirus vaccines neutralize the alpha, beta and delta variants, as well as a reference variant that is similar to the original version of the virus.

The researchers examined blood samples from 103 people infected with the coronavirus. Delta was much less sensitive than Alpha to samples from unvaccinated individuals in this group, the study found.

One dose of vaccine increased sensitivity significantly, suggesting that people who have recovered from Covid-19 may still need to be vaccinated to fight off some variants.

The team also analyzed samples from 59 people after receiving the first and second doses of the AstraZeneca or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines.

Blood samples from just 10 percent of those immunized with a dose of the AstraZeneca or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines were able to neutralize the Delta and Beta variants in laboratory tests. But a second dose increased that number to 95 percent. There was not much difference in the levels of antibodies produced by the two vaccines.

“A single dose of Pfizer or AstraZeneca was either poorly effective or not effective at all against beta and delta variants,” the researchers concluded. Data from Israel and the UK broadly support this finding, although these studies suggest that one dose of vaccine is still enough to prevent hospitalization or death from the virus.

According to the new study, the Delta variant also did not react to Bamlanivimab, the monoclonal antibody from Eli Lilly. Fortunately, three other monoclonal antibodies tested in the study retained their effectiveness against the variant.

In April, the US Food and Drug Administration revoked the emergency approval for the treatment of Covid-19 patients as a single treatment, citing the increase in variants resistant to bamlanivimab.

Separately, Pfizer announced Thursday that it is developing a version of its vaccine that targets the Delta variant and is expected to begin clinical trials in August.

The company also reported promising results from studies of people who received a third dose of the original vaccine. A booster given six months after the second dose increases the effectiveness of the antibodies against the original virus and beta variant by five to ten times, the company said in a press release.

Antibody levels could drop six months after immunization, Pfizer said, and booster doses may be needed to fight off variants. But antibodies aren’t the only part of the body’s immune response, and other studies have shown that the immunity induced by full vaccination is likely to remain robust against variants for years to come.