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Health

Company provides closing OK to manage Covid vaccine booster pictures to susceptible Individuals

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Friday gave final approval to give Covid-19 booster vaccinations to recipients of Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, hours after a key panel unanimously voted to allow third doses for immunocompromised Americans advocate.

“At a time when the Delta variant is on the rise, an extra dose of vaccine for some people with compromised immune systems could help prevent serious and potentially life-threatening COVID-19 cases in this population,” said CDC Director Dr . Rochelle Walensky in a statement.

The CDC’s decision and recommendation by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices followed the approval of the booster vaccination for immunocompromised patients by the Food and Drug Administration late Thursday. With the OK from both authorities, the booster doses could be given immediately.

“For the past almost a year and a half, I have cared for many patients with life-threatening and fatal diseases, and even post-vaccination,” who are immunocompromised, Dr. Camille Nelson Kotton, a transplant and infectious disease specialist at Massachusetts General Hospital, told the panel to strongly support boosters for those with weak immune systems. “They just suffer from a lack of good vaccination protection, we know that the vaccine is less effective in this population.”

Close-up of the Moderna vaccine at the Park County Health Department’s COVID-19 Vaccination Clinic for Seniors 80 and older on January 28, 2021 in Livingston, Montana.

William Campbell | Getty Images

FDA approval approved third doses of Pfizer and Moderna vaccines for “solid organ transplant recipients or those diagnosed with conditions believed to have equivalent levels of immunodeficiency.”

“New data suggests that some people with moderately to severely compromised immune systems do not always build the same level of immunity as people who are not immunocompromised,” said Walensky. “While immunocompromised people make up about 3% of the US adult population, they are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 because they are at greater risk of developing serious, longer-lasting illnesses.”

Authorities have not released a booster vaccination to anyone else fully vaccinated or to recipients of Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine, which is manufactured in the Janssen vaccines division.

“There is currently no data to support the use of an additional dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine following a Janssen Covid-19 primary vaccine in immunocompromised people. The FDA and CDC are actively working to provide guidance on this matter,” said Dr. Neela. from CDC Goswami wrote to ACIP in her presentation.

The CDC recommended a third dose for at-risk Americans 28 days or more after completing the first two rounds of shooting. Booster doses are also recommended for cancer patients and HIV patients after data showed that immune responses after the first two doses did not provide adequate protection against Covid-19 and its variants in these patients.

The additional recordings were recommended for Pfizer recipients aged 12 and over and for Moderna recipients aged 18 and over. The panel said it will revisit the recordings for younger Moderna recipients after the FDA clears the recordings for children.

Immunocompromised patients make up approximately 2.7% of the US adult population and 44% of breakthrough hospital-treated infections that make someone infected even after being fully vaccinated.

Studies suggest that a third dose of the vaccine might help people whose immune systems do not respond as well to a first or second dose. Five small studies cited by the CDC showed that 11% to 80% of people with compromised immune systems had no detectable antibodies to Covid after two shots.

Among immunocompromised patients who had no detectable antibody response, 33 to 50% developed an antibody response after receiving an additional dose, according to the CDC.

Patients at risk are also more likely to experience persistent Covid infections, the panel said. The data also suggests that they are likely to shed more viruses and potentially infect more people than those who are not immunocompromised.

Early data from small studies on the effects of booster doses in immunocompromised patients showed no serious side effects from a third vaccination with an mRNA vaccine and symptoms beyond those identified after the first two-dose dose.

Several countries, including Israel, the Dominican Republic, France, the UK and Germany, have either already started or are considering giving booster doses of Covid-19 vaccines.

Immunocompromised patients receiving a third dose should continue to wear a mask and social distancing, the panel said.

Survey data from hesitant immunocompromised patients show that, according to a panel presentation by Dr. Kathleen Dooling of the CDC still has many worried about the side effects of the vaccines and the speed at which the vaccines have been developed, as well as the general suspicion about the vaccines.

Around 10% of immunocompromised patients say they will “definitely not” receive a vaccine, another 9% say they are “unsure” or “probably not” and 44% say they will “definitely” get a vaccine. Those who hesitate are usually younger, belong to an ethnic or racial minority, or are female.

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World News

Europe Reopened to People. Why, It Asks, Hasn’t the U.S. Reciprocated?

MADRID — He was vaccinated in April, tested negative for the coronavirus and believed he was exempt from travel restrictions.

But on a stopover in Amsterdam in late May, Peter Fuchs, 87, was told he could not board his New York-bound flight to attend his great-granddaughter’s christening. The reason: As a European citizen, he was not allowed to enter the United States.

“I felt helpless and broken down,” Mr. Fuchs said in an email from his nursing home apartment in Hanover, Germany.

In June, as the United States made headway in its vaccination campaign, European Union leaders recommended that member countries reopen their borders to Americans, a significant gesture meant to signal what they hoped would be the beginning of the pandemic’s end. They expected to be repaid in kind.

That the United States remains largely closed has dismayed Europeans and frustrated their leaders, who are demanding that Europe’s decision to open its borders be reciprocated.

“We insist comparable rules be applied to arrivals in both directions,” Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, the bloc’s executive arm, said last week at a news conference. Officials with the bloc have even suggested reimposing travel restrictions against American travelers, though a quick change is not expected since many countries are reluctant to risk further ruin to summer tourism.

For some European families, the continued ban has compounded one of the deepest sorrows of the pandemic — separation itself — as loved ones become ill across closed borders and family elders grow fearful they may never see their loved ones again.

Unmarried partners with different passports have struggled to keep relationships afloat, giving rise to the popular Twitter hashtag #loveisnottourism. Europeans offered jobs in the United States still do not know whether they should accept them.

“Now that we have vaccines, at least let the vaccinated people come,” said Michele Kastelein, a dual French-American citizen living in Portola Valley, Calif. Her French brother Maurice had to abandon plans to attend her son’s wedding this month, despite hopes that the ban would be lifted by now for Europeans like him who are vaccinated.

The European travel ban dates to the start of the pandemic. President Donald J. Trump removed the restrictions in the final days of his term, but President Biden reinstated them shortly after taking office.

The White House, however, has offered little explanation on why the restrictions remain — even though some countries with higher infection and lower vaccination rates face no similar ban. At a news conference last week, Jen Psaki, the White House spokeswoman, cited the advice of medical experts and continued concerns about the Delta variant.

Under the current rules, virtually all residents of Europe’s Schengen Area — the passport-free zone that includes 26 countries plus other entities — as well as those living in Britain and Ireland are still barred from traveling to the United States.

Five other countries under the ban include ones with high infection rates, like Iran, South Africa, Brazil and India, but also China, where rates of spread have been far lower than those in the United States for months.

The travel ban exempts some people, among them American citizens, permanent U.S. residents and some family members of U.S. citizens, provided the American is under 21.

Updated 

Aug. 9, 2021, 9:16 p.m. ET

People from the prohibited countries can still enter the United States if they spend the 14 days before their arrival in a country that is not on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s list.

This last proviso led Shelley Murray, an American strength and conditioning coach, and her partner, Viktor Pesta, a mixed martial arts athlete from the Czech Republic, into an odyssey that spanned not just their native countries, but also Turkey and the Dominican Republic.

The two had moved into a home in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., shortly before the pandemic when Mr. Pesta was called to a coaching assignment in the Czech Republic. The European Union and the United States banned travel in both directions soon after, and the two were separated for six months, Ms. Murray said.

She was the first to leave her country, last August, after the Czech Republic created a so-called sweetheart exception that allowed Americans to visit unwed partners. But when Mr. Pesta wanted to return to the United States last October, he had to spend two weeks in Turkey — a country not on the C.D.C.’s prohibited list — so he would be allowed to enter.

This spring, shortly after Mr. Pesta was vaccinated in the United States, he traveled back to the Czech Republic for a mixed martial arts fight. When he wished to return to Florida this summer, the couple went to the Dominican Republic to allow for Mr. Pesta’s re-entry, a visit that stretched on for seven weeks because of visa delays.

Ms. Murray said her chief frustration was that American rules led the couple to stay in countries where infection rates were higher than in much of Europe, supposedly as a precaution against infected travelers.

“It was kind of nonsensical to us,” she said.

In another part of Fort Lauderdale sits the empty two-bedroom apartment of Elisabeth Haselbach, a Swiss citizen who bought it four years ago as an investment and vacation property.

Understand the State of Vaccine Mandates in the U.S.

But Ms. Haselbach has not been able to see her home since before the pandemic. She continues to pay taxes and condominium fees, but is worried because she has been unable to reinforce her home for the hurricane season, which lasts from June through November.

She said the predicament left her stunned: She found Mr. Trump’s behavior on the international stage unreasonable, but she did not expect to think the same of Mr. Biden on the closed borders.

“I was the No. 1 fan of the Democrats,” she said.

Frustration with the ban led Marius Van Der Veeken, a retired finance professional in the Netherlands, to write to Mr. Biden, saying he wanted to see his family in Michigan.

Mr. Van Der Veeken, 64, and his wife, Anne-Mieke, 61, had just gotten to know their grandchildren, now 3 and 4, before the pandemic prevented travel. Having received the AstraZeneca vaccine in March, they had believed they would soon have a chance to see the children, along with their daughter and son-in-law. Instead, they continue to meet each Sunday by video call.

Their grandchildren recognize them — calling them Opa and Oma, grandpa and grandma in Dutch — but Mr. Van Der Veeken worries that long-distance calls are not enough and that he is losing precious years.

“It’s important now to be building a relationship with them,” he said. “My big argument is that the travel restrictions should make a difference between family connections and tourists.”

Mr. Fuchs, the retiree from Germany, had similar feelings when he was blocked from his flight in May to attend the christening of his great-granddaughter, his first.

His daughter Natascha Sabert, an American citizen, said she had been told mistakenly by U.S. consular officials that he was eligible to enter the country as her father. But when he reached the airport in Amsterdam, he was told that he did not qualify because his daughter was over 21.

Ms. Sabert worried that her father, who is hard of hearing, would not be able to make it back to Germany that night from Amsterdam. Airport officials told her there were no more flights to Hanover that day, she said.

“I said, ‘You can’t push him in a wheelchair somewhere in the airport in the corner and just leave him there,’” she recalled.

Eventually, Mr. Fuchs was put on a flight to Hamburg, where a relative helped him onto a train to Hanover.

The experience has left Ms. Sabert fearful of asking her father to try to make the trip again. But she also feels time is running out and wants the chance for the family to reunite.

“It’s about these last moments before we say goodbye,” she said.

Monika Pronczukcontributed reporting from Brussels.

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Health

Half of Individuals are actually absolutely vaccinated, White Home says

Half of Americans, including all ages, are now fully vaccinated against Covid-19, a White House official said Friday, a major milestone as the nation battles a surge in new infections fueled by the Delta variant.

More than 821,000 doses were given from the previous day, including 565,000 people receiving their first syringe, White House Covid data director Cyrus Shahpar said in a tweet before the data was posted on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website were published. The seven-day average of new vaccinations is up 11% from last week and 44% over the past two weeks, he added.

While the milestone is exciting, the country still has a long way to go before the pandemic is over, said Dr. Paul Offit, who advises the Food and Drug Administration on Covid vaccines. The highly contagious Delta variant continues to spread rapidly, especially in regions of the country with the lowest vaccination rates, he said.

“They had over 100,000 cases and over 600 deaths yesterday, which tells us we’re not there yet,” Offit said.

The U.S. reports an average of about 98,500 daily infections, data compiled by Johns Hopkins University shows, which already surpassed the peak of cases seen last summer when the nation lacked a vaccine.

Florida, Texas, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi – states with some of the lowest vaccination rates – accounted for roughly half of the new Covid cases and hospital stays in the past week, said Jeffrey Zients, the White House’s Covid Response Coordinator, said told reporters Thursday. In the past seven days, 1 in 3 new Covid cases occurred in Florida and Texas.

In Florida, where Governor Ron DeSantis opposes calls for further restrictions, the infection rate is nearing the state’s pandemic peak in late January, when an average of nearly 18,000 new cases were reported each day.

Florida reports an average of about 15,800 new cases daily for the past seven days, according to data compiled by Johns Hopkins University, 51% more than a week ago. This is the second worst outbreak in the US by average daily new cases per capita, behind Louisiana.

The death toll there is also rising, with an average of 58 daily Covid deaths, 45% more than last week but below the record seven-day average of more than 180 daily deaths in late January.

The outbreak threatens to slow the country’s progress in ending the pandemic, especially as schools reopen and employers start bringing workers back to the office this fall, health experts say.

With the virus widespread in states like Florida, the nation “is likely to see even more worrying varieties emerge this fall and winter,” said Lawrence Gostin, director of the World Health Organization’s Collaborating Center on National and Global Health Law.

“America is about to return to normal. This could be a major setback for our national Covid response, ”he said.

As cases rise, more companies are requiring their workers to get vaccinated, and federal health officials say they are urging states to incentivize their residents.

Some Americans are already seeing the effects of not vaccinating and are now getting the injections, US officials said Thursday.

In Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Alabama, the seven-day average of first-doses reported daily has more than doubled since early July, CDC data shows, as the outbreak worsened nationwide. In Arkansas, which has the third worst outbreak in the country, based on new cases per capita every day, vaccinations nearly tripled.

Zients said Thursday that the White House’s Covid Surge Response Teams are also working with 16 states with rising cases to meet their specific needs.

– CNBC’s Nate Rattner contributed to this report.

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Health

Covid vaccine charges rise as Individuals rush to get photographs amid delta fears

Nurse Darryl Hana gives a dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine to a person at a three-day vaccination clinic at the Providence Wilmington Wellness and Activity Center on July 29, 2021 in Wilmington, California.

Mario Tama | Getty Images

The pace of US vaccinations is picking up again as the Delta variant leads to a new surge in coronavirus cases in the US, especially in states with the lowest vaccination rates and worst outbreaks.

Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that nearly 800,000 shots were recorded nationwide on Sunday, the highest total in a day in weeks. The 7-day average of reported vaccinations, including first and second vaccinations, rose by 16% over the past week to 615,000 vaccinations per day (as of Thursday).

The stark contrast in hospital stays and deaths between vaccinated and unvaccinated people has become evident in recent weeks and could convince people on the fence to get the syringes, said Jen Kates, senior vice president of the Kaiser Family Foundation. The overwhelming majority of severe Covid cases – 97% of hospital admissions and 99.5% of Covid deaths – occur in those who are not vaccinated, US health officials say.

“Cases are on the rise and almost everyone who is hospitalized and dies is not vaccinated,” she said. “The data is right there and I think people are realizing that vaccines are our best bet to control this.”

The number of first doses of vaccines has risen faster than the overall rate in the past few days, meaning new people are getting their very first vaccinations. According to the CDC, an average of about 390,000 first doses were given daily for the past seven days, 31% more than a week ago.

“That’s the marker you want to see – the first doses are going up,” Kates said, because it represents new people getting their first shots. This includes people receiving a first vaccination with the two-dose Pfizer or Moderna vaccine, or a single dose of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine.

The pace of daily vaccinations remains far from peak, with more than 3 million daily vaccinations (both doses counted) reported in mid-April. But the upward trend in first doses is encouraging, officials say.

Forty-eight states and the District of Columbia reported increases in average daily first doses compared to the previous week, up from 37 states with increasing first dose rates a week ago.

States with the worst outbreaks see the biggest jumps in vaccination rates, a CNBC analysis of data from the CDC and Johns Hopkins University shows. In the 10 states with the highest average daily new cases per capita, first doses increased 46% week-to-week, significantly higher than the 31% national increase. This group consists of Louisiana, Arkansas, Florida, Mississippi, Missouri, Alabama, Nevada, Oklahoma, Alaska, and Georgia.

“Y’all, we’re going to have a tough couple of weeks,” said Dr. Mississippi state health officer Thomas Dobbs told reporters last week. The state has only fully vaccinated 34.4% of its population, compared to 49.4% of the total US population.

“Delta hits us very hard. We expect we will continue to put additional pressure on the health system, ”he said, noting that there were 13 hospitals across the state with“ zero intensive care beds ”. The breakout there is a strong argument for getting the shots. About 93% of the state’s Covid cases and 89% of deaths in the past month were unvaccinated, he said.

The Delta variant is spreading across the country, causing new spikes in cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, especially in states with poor vaccination records. It is significantly more contagious than the original variety. And unlike the ancestral Covid strain, it is just as easily transmitted from both unvaccinated and fully vaccinated people who have contracted the virus, federal health officials have warned.

Many of the states that have seen dramatic increases in vaccination rates have high community infection rates and low vaccination rates. Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia are among the top 10 least vaccinated states in the country.

State health officials attribute the rising rates to a combination of factors, including fears of the more contagious Delta variant.

“Last week we doubled the number of people who initiated the vaccine,” said Dr. Joseph Kanter, medical director of the Louisiana Department of Health, told reporters in a call hosted Thursday by the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials. “And this week we are well on the way to double that number again. So we are well on the way to quadruple our vaccination rate within two weeks.”

In Alabama, first doses rose 62% to about 7,400 a day in the past week. It has the fifth lowest vaccination rate in the country among people 12 years and older, while its outbreak, which averages 35 new cases per day per 100,000 population, is the sixth worst in the US

Alabama Health Officer Dr. Karen Landers said concerns about the Delta variant, along with educational efforts and partnerships with local leaders, were the likely reasons for the increased interest in the jab.

“We continue to emphasize the importance of getting vaccinated and we know that the increase in variants, and certainly the delta variant, is more contagious,” she said. “We have the feeling that more and more people understand this need.”

Still, Landers said, misinformation about vaccines is slowing progress. Many people don’t understand the drug approval process and wait for the FDA to give the vaccines full approval before receiving the syringes. Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson vaccines have all been granted temporary emergency approvals and are awaiting final approval.

“We know that many of our employees in Alabama are still not listening to the information we provide regarding scientific evidence,” she said. “We must continue to fight misinformation in our state.”

Conspiracy theories have also run amok and hampered vaccination efforts in neighboring Mississippi, local health officials say.

“We hear everything from the microchip insertion to the depopulation plan, which uses the vaccine to magnetize people. I mean, you name it, we heard it,” said Dr. Dan Edney, chief medical officer for the Mississippi Department of Health, told reporters last week.

An analysis by the Kaiser Family Foundation released in early July shows that the vaccine rate gap between counties that voted for President Joe Biden and former President Donald Trump has widened as the vaccine rolled out, with Democrats much more common report that they were vaccinated Republicans.

Alabama Governor Kay Ivey recently joined Florida Governor Ron DeSantis and former White House press secretary and Arkansas gubernatorial candidate Sarah Huckabee Sanders in a growing chorus of Republican figures who have been voting in recent days asked to be vaccinated.

“It is time to blame the unvaccinated people, not the normal people. It’s the unvaccinated people who are failing us, ”Ivey said last week.

A health care worker at a drive-through location established by Miami-Dade and Nomi Health in Tropical Park prepares to administer a COVID-19 vaccine in Miami, Florida on July 26, 2021.

Joe Raedle | Getty Images

State health officials in Texas, where the proportion of the eligible population with a vaccination is about 5 percentage points below the US level of 66.9%, say the danger of the Delta variant is pushing people to get vaccinated. According to Johns Hopkins data, the state’s average daily case numbers rose 72% over the past week.

“We have seen increases in vaccine doses over the past few weeks,” wrote Chris Van Deusen, director of media relations for the Texas Department of State Health Services, in an email. “We’ve talked a lot about how serious the situation is with the Delta variant as cases and hospitalizations increase, and people seem to get the news.”

California saw a 16% weekly increase in the number of people getting their first dose of vaccine, Governor Gavin Newsom told reporters Monday, including an increase in the vulnerable zip codes “hardest hit by this pandemic”.

“In part because of the Delta and increases in the number of cases and hospital admissions, we are now seeing increased interest in the Covid vaccination in select areas and states,” said Dr. Arthur Reingold, epidemiology director at the University of California, Berkeley.

Officials hope the trend will continue as governments and companies increase pressure on employees and customers to get the shots.

The U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs requires that all health care workers working in Veterans Health Administration facilities be fully vaccinated against Covid vaccinations. Governors in California and New York last week announced plans to mandate vaccines for state employees or to have strict health protocols. Biden put forward a similar federal policy on Thursday, urging governors to offer $ 100 payments to people who receive their first doses of vaccine. Google was one of the first major employers to say it will make vaccines mandatory for anyone who returns to the office this fall.

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Health

How Disabled Individuals Are Pushing to Overhaul a Key Advantages Program

Once, this recipient said she was too sick to leave home for two months, and as her daily expenses fell, her account balance went from just under $ 2,000 to $ 2,135 without her realizing it. When the Social Security Agency found out about this, they had to repay all of their SSI benefit for those months, which lasted two years.

The organizers of #DemolishDisabledPoverty also want Congress to increase funding for home and community-based services; Abolish a law that allows companies to pay some disabled workers far less than the minimum wage; and update Social Security Disability Insurance or SSDI which is different from SSI but has many similar limitations.

Melanie Waldman, 30, who has lupus, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and an amputated arm, has been unemployed since she left a job that she said “destroyed my body”. She receives about $ 800 a month from SSDI

She has a background in theater and said she wanted to pursue roles but would have to ask for a lower salary. She is allowed to make $ 10,000 a year in external income and, prior to joining SSDI, earned about $ 13,000 from acting. Although SSDI pays less, she cannot afford to lose it as it would mean loss of health care.

Mr Cortland said the current legislative initiative is focused on SSI because it can be changed through a budget reconciliation while SSDI cannot legally. But he stressed on the virtual forum last week that proponents would also be working to improve SSDI

The forum, organized by the Century Foundation, was attended by Mr. Bowman and Rep. Ayanna Pressley, a Massachusetts Democrat, who both urged the 17,000 or so audience to put pressure on Congress and the White House.

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Dr. Scott Gottlieb estimates as much as 1 million Individuals contaminated with Covid every day as delta spreads

Dr. Scott Gottlieb, commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration

Getty Images

Dr. Scott Gottlieb told CNBC on Friday he believes the coronavirus is significantly more widespread in the U.S. than official case counts reflect as the highly contagious delta variant sweeps the nation.

“I wouldn’t be surprised if, on the whole, we’re infecting up to a million people a day right now, and we’re just picking up maybe a 10th of that or less than a 10th of that,” the former Food and Drug Administration commissioner said in an interview on “Squawk Box.” Gottlieb now serves on the board of Covid vaccine maker Pfizer.

The current seven-day average of new daily coronavirus cases in the U.S. is roughly 67,000, according to a CNBC analysis of Johns Hopkins University data. That’s up 53% compared with a week ago, as the country grapples with a surge in new infections driven largely by delta, first discovered in India and now the dominant variant in the U.S.

The highest seven-day day average of new Covid cases recorded in the U.S. was roughly 251,000 on Jan. 8, according to CNBC’s analysis. Case counts had dropped off dramatically in the spring as the country’s vaccination campaign picked up speed.

But in recent weeks, as U.S. cases again started to accelerate, Gottlieb has said a large number of coronavirus infections were likely going unreported because the testing landscape is different now than at earlier stages in the pandemic.

For example, he previously told CNBC people can now complete at-home tests and those results are unlikely to make their way to health authorities and then show up in official case counts.

Additionally, Gottlieb has said vaccinated Americans who may become infected are likely to have a mild case or remain entirely asymptomatic, making them less likely to seek out a Covid test than they would’ve been before they were inoculated against the disease.

— CNBC’s Nate Rattner contributed to this report.

Disclosure: Scott Gottlieb is a CNBC contributor and is a member of the boards of Pfizer, genetic testing start-up Tempus, health-care tech company Aetion Inc. and biotech company Illumina. He also serves as co-chair of Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings’ and Royal Caribbean’s “Healthy Sail Panel.”

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Health

C.D.C. Says Some Vaccinated Individuals Ought to Put on Masks Once more

Revising a decision made just two months ago, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said on Tuesday that people vaccinated against the coronavirus should resume wearing masks in public indoor spaces in parts of the country where the virus is surging.

C.D.C. officials also recommended universal masking for teachers, staff, students and visitors in schools, regardless of vaccination status and community transmission of the virus. With additional precautions, schools nonetheless should return to in-person learning in the fall, according to agency officials.

The recommendations are another baleful twist in the course of America’s pandemic, a war-weary concession that the virus is outstripping vaccination efforts. The agency’s move follows rising case counts in states like Florida and Missouri, as well as growing reports of breakthrough infections of the more contagious Delta variant among people who are fully immunized.

“The Delta variant is showing every day its willingness to outsmart us,” Dr. Rochelle Walensky, director of the C.D.C., said at a news briefing on Tuesday.

C.D.C. officials were persuaded by new scientific evidence showing that even vaccinated people may become infected and may carry the virus in great amounts, perhaps even similar to those in unvaccinated people, Dr. Walensky acknowledged at the news briefing.

Data from several states and other countries show that the variant behaves differently from previous versions of the coronavirus, she added: “This new science is worrisome and unfortunately warrants an update to our recommendation.”

“This is not a decision we at C.D.C. have made lightly,” Dr. Walensky added. “This weighs heavily on me.” Americans are tired and frustrated, she said, and mental health challenges are on the rise.

Jen Psaki, the White House press secretary, said at a news conference on Tuesday that changing the masking guidance was crucial to “battling an ever-evolving virus,” and that the Biden administration supported the effort.

“The virus is changing, we are dealing with a dynamic situation,” said Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the Biden administration’s top pandemic adviser. The C.D.C. is correct to revisit its recommendations as the research evolves, he said.

“I don’t think you can say that this is just flip-flopping back and forth,” he added. “They’re dealing with new information that the science is providing.”

The vaccines remain remarkably effective against the worst outcomes of infection with any form of the coronavirus, including hospitalization and death. But the new guidelines explicitly apply to both the unvaccinated and vaccinated, a sharp departure from the agency’s position since May that vaccinated people do not need to wear masks in most indoor spaces.

Those recommendations, which seemed to signal a winding down of the pandemic, were based on earlier data suggesting that vaccinated people rarely become infected and almost never transmit the virus, making masking unnecessary.

But that was before the arrival of the Delta variant, which now accounts for the bulk of infections in the United States. And it may be followed by others. “The big concern is that the next variant that might emerge — just potentially a few mutations away — could evade our vaccine,” she said.

Some public health experts welcomed the agency’s decision to revise its guidelines. Based on what scientists are learning about the Delta variant’s ability to cause breakthrough infections, “this is a move in the right direction,” said Dr. Celine Gounder, an infectious disease specialist at Bellevue Hospital Center in New York.

The American Federation of Teachers and the National Education Association, the two leading teachers’ unions, strongly endorsed the C.D.C.’s move to universal masking in schools.

“Masking inside schools, regardless of vaccine status, is required as an important way to deal with the changing realities of virus transmission,” said Randi Weingarten, president of the A.F.T. “It is a necessary precaution until children under 12 can receive a Covid vaccine and more Americans over 12 get vaccinated.”

Whether state and local health officials are willing to follow the agency’s guidance is far from certain. And there is sure to be resistance from pandemic-fatigued Americans, particularly in regions of the country where vaccination rates are low and concerns about the virus are muted.

Some jurisdictions, like Los Angeles County and St. Louis County, Mo., have already reinstated mask mandates in response to rising cases. But officials some communities in Los Angeles County have said they will not enforce a mandate. Arkansas, one of the states with the highest numbers, has retained a ban on mask mandates even as vaccination rates lag.

Updated 

July 27, 2021, 4:16 p.m. ET

Businesses, too, are likely to find that new mask recommendations complicate return to office plans in places where the virus is spreading and may necessitate mandates for employees to receive vaccines.

The Washington Post, for example, on Tuesday said it would require proof of vaccination as a condition of employment when workers return to the office in September, after hearing concerns from many employees about the emergence of coronavirus variants.

If businesses believe that such mandates would be beneficial, “we encourage them to do so,” Dr. Walensky said at the news briefing. “We’re encouraging, really, any activities that would motivate further vaccination.”

As recently as last week, a C.D.C. spokesman said that the agency had no plans to change its masking guidance, unless there were a significant change in the science. But researchers have begun to turn up disturbing data.

The Delta variant is thought to be about twice as contagious as the original version of the virus. Some research now suggests that people infected with the variant carry about a thousandfold more virus than those infected with other variants, and may stay infected for longer.

C.D.C. officials were swayed by new research showing that even vaccinated people may carry great amounts of the variant virus in the nose and throat, hinting that they also may spread it to others.

Large so-called viral loads may help explain reports of breakthrough infections in groups of vaccinated people. For example, an outbreak that began in Provincetown, Mass., after Fourth of July festivities there has grown to include at least 765 cases, according to Steve Katsurinis, chair of the Provincetown Board of Health.

Of the 469 cases reported among Massachusetts residents alone, 74 percent were in people who were fully immunized, Mr. Katsurinis said.

Smaller clusters of breakthrough infections have been reported after weddings, family reunions and dinner parties. Some of the infected had symptoms, but the vast majority were not seriously ill, suggesting that immunity produced by the vaccines quickly curbs the virus.

Vaccines “are not a force field,” said Jennifer Nuzzo, an epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins University’s Bloomberg School of Public Health. Instead, vaccination trains the immune system to recognize cells that become infected with the virus.

Understand the State of Vaccine Mandates in the U.S.

“The term breakthrough infection is probably a bit misleading,” she said. “It’s probably more realistic that we talk about breakthrough disease and how much of that is occurring.”

Dr. Walensky on Tuesday again urged people to get vaccinated, noting that the rise of cases and hospitalizations is greatest in places with low vaccination rates and among unvaccinated people.

She acknowledged that some vaccinated people can become infected with the Delta variant and may be contagious, but maintained that it was a rare event. So far vaccinated people account for just 3 percent of hospitalizations, officials have found.

The C.D.C. is not routinely tallying breakthrough infections unless they lead to hospitalization or death among vaccinated Americans. But the agency is tracking more than 20 groups of Americans to see how often breakthrough infections occur and under what circumstances.

Dr. Gounder and other experts said that it is unclear how often vaccinated people transmit the virus to others, but it may be more common than scientists had predicted as the original virus spread last year.

“We’ve seen increasing numbers of breakthrough infections, and it seems like most of those may be happening in places where people are exposed to a lot of Covid,” said Dr. Scott Dryden-Peterson, an infectious disease physician and epidemiologist at Brigham & Women’s Hospital in Boston, who has been reviewing breakthrough infections in Massachusetts.

Vaccinated people — particularly those with weak immune systems or otherwise at high risk — should consider wearing masks even in areas of low transmission, he said: “Masks can effectively reduce the amount of virus that we breathe in and prevent us from getting sick, and so they augment the impact of our vaccine. Almost everywhere in the U.S., it’s a good idea.”

Infections have been rising swiftly in the United States, to more than 56,000 daily cases on average, as of Tuesday, more than four times the number a month ago. Hospitalizations have also been ticking up in nearly all states, and deaths have risen to an average of 275 per day.

“Given what we’re seeing, that’s absolutely needed right now to slow and curb transmission,” Dr. Robby Sikka, a physician who worked with the N.B.A.’s Minnesota Timberwolves, said of the new masking guidance.

“Not everyone who has a breakthrough infection will be at risk for transmission, but it’s imperative to note that there is a risk of transmission,” he said.

But Dr. Sikka noted that relying on states or localities to set masking rules will require more testing than is being done now to identify people with mild or asymptomatic infections. “That’s something that we’re probably not totally prepared to do,” he said.

Given that the virus seems likely to become endemic, permanently embedded in American life, federal officials need to articulate an even clearer plan for long-term masking, Dr. Nuzzo said.

“The question is, what are the off ramps for masking? It’s really important for us to define that,” she said. “If we want to continue to ask people to step up, we need to give them a vision of what we’re working toward.”

The C.D.C. should have simply made a universal recommendation and told all Americans to wear masks indoors, said Ali Mokdad, an epidemiologist at University of Washington and former C.D.C. scientist.

“The director said the guidance is for people in areas of high transmission, but if you look at the country, every state is seeing a rise in transmission,” Dr. Mokdad said. “So why not say, ‘Everybody in the U.S. should be wearing a mask indoors?’ The whole country is on fire.”

Categories
Health

Biden Officers Now Count on Weak People to Want Booster Pictures

WASHINGTON – Biden government health officials increasingly believe that vulnerable populations will need a booster dose even as research continues into how long coronavirus vaccines will remain effective.

Senior officials now say they believe that people over 65 or with compromised immune systems will most likely need a third vaccination from Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna, two vaccines based on the same technology that were used to vaccinate the vast majority of Americans until now. That’s a significant shift from a few weeks ago when the government said there wasn’t enough evidence to support boosters.

On Thursday, a key official with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said the agency is looking into ways to give immune-compromised patients a third dose before regulators expand emergency approval for coronavirus vaccines, a move soon for Pfizer vaccination could be done.

Dr. Amanda Cohn, the chief medical officer of the CDC’s immunization division, told an agency advisory committee that officials are “actively seeking ways” to give certain people access to booster vaccinations “sooner than any possible change in government decisions”.

“So stay tuned,” she added.

The growing consensus within the government that at least some Americans need a booster dose is in part to do with research suggesting that the Pfizer vaccine is less effective against the coronavirus after about six months. More than half of those fully vaccinated in the United States to date have received Pfizer’s vaccine in two doses three weeks apart.

Pfizer’s ongoing global study of its clinical trial participants shows the vaccine’s effectiveness against symptomatic infections drops from a peak of 95 percent to 84 percent four to six months after the second dose, the company said.

Data from the Israeli government, which has fully vaccinated more than half of its population with doses of Pfizer since January, also suggests a downward trend in efficacy over time, though administrative officials view these data cautiously due to the large margin of error.

The latest figures from the Israeli Ministry of Health, released later this week, suggest that Pfizer’s vaccine was only 39 percent effective in preventing infections in the country in late June and early July, compared with 95 percent from January through April.

The vaccine remained more than 90 percent effective in preventing serious illnesses and almost as effective in preventing hospital stays. Israel began offering a third dose of Pfizer to citizens with severely compromised immune systems on July 12th.

Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, who heads the infectious diseases division of the National Institutes of Health, said he was surprised at the apparently steep drop in the effectiveness of the Pfizer vaccine suggested by the Israeli data. He said he wanted to compare it to data the CDC has collected from cohorts of thousands of people in the United States. “People raise their eyebrows a little,” he said.

While other questions abound, senior administrative officials said it was becoming increasingly clear that the vaccines would not provide unlimited immunity to the virus and that at least some people might need booster sessions nine months after their first vaccination. The government has already purchased more than enough vaccine to deliver the third dose of Pfizer and Moderna and has been quietly preparing to step up distribution efforts if necessary.

With so little data left public, many health officials and experts have spoken cautiously about booster vaccinations. Dr. Paul A. Offit, a member of the Food and Drug Administration’s external advisory committee of vaccine experts, said an increase in mild or moderate cases of Covid-19 in people who have been vaccinated does not necessarily mean that a booster is needed.

“The goal of this vaccine is not to prevent mild or mild, moderate infectious diseases,” he said. “The aim is to prevent hospitalization until death. At the moment this vaccine has withstood that. “

Updated

July 23, 2021, 10:06 p.m. ET

An early prospect of a third dose could also act as a deterrent against vaccination, warn other health experts. If Americans feel that immunity to the vaccines is short-lived, they are less likely to get their first vaccination.

“We don’t want people to believe that the vaccines are not effective when you talk about booster vaccinations,” said Dr. Fauci at a hearing before Congress on Tuesday. “You are highly effective.”

Among vaccine manufacturers, Pfizer has been particularly proactive in sharing its data with the government. But the government was stunned by the company’s public announcement earlier this month that it was planning to seek emergency FDA approval for a booster vaccination.

The company said early data from its booster study showed neutralizing antibody levels in clinical trial participants who received a third dose six months after the second was five to 10 times higher than those in recipients who received two doses.

Fearing that the American public would get the wrong news, the FDA and CDC responded with an unusual public statement: “Americans who have been fully vaccinated don’t need a booster right now.” They added, “We are prepared for booster doses, if and when science shows they are needed. “

Ordinarily, the FDA would approve the use of a booster, perhaps after a meeting of its external advisory committee. Then the CDC, which has its own advisory committee, would have to officially recommend it, said Dr. Offit.

Understand the state of vaccine mandates in the United States

But if the FDA fully licensed a vaccine, doctors would have much more leeway to prescribe a booster to their patients. Some health experts believe Pfizer could get this approval by fall this year.

At the CDC advisory board meeting on Thursday, Dr. Cohn, the medical director of the vaccines division, suggested that it might be possible to offer booster shots to people with compromised immune systems through a trial study or other means without waiting for the FDA

Dr. Camille Kotton, an infectious disease expert at Massachusetts General Hospital, told the panel that some patients, especially those who are more educated or “able to look after their own health care,” manage to get a third dose on their own, despite lack of green light from the government.

“Many took matters into their own hands,” she says. “I’m worried they might do this unattended,” she said, while the doctors’ hands are tied due to the lack of regulatory approval.

According to the CDC, people with a weakened immune system make up 2.7 percent of the population and include cancer, organ or stem cell transplants or HIV.

At the Senate Health Committee hearing Tuesday, several senators questioned administration health officials about how quickly they would act on the booster issue. Senator Mitt Romney, a Republican from Utah, said he was unhappy that officials couldn’t come up with a better schedule.

Senator Richard M. Burr, a Republican from North Carolina, noted that Israel is already offering a third chance to some of its most vulnerable citizens. “Why don’t we make the same decisions?” he asked.

Dr. Rochelle Walensky, the director of the CDC, testified that scientists studied the effectiveness of the vaccines in tens of thousands of people, including nursing home residents and more than 5,000 key workers.

“Fortunately, we expect this to wear off, not go down,” she said of her effectiveness. “As we see that fade, we will – this will be our time to act.”

Pfizer is expected to soon publish its clinical studies on immunity declining and the benefits of booster shoots in articles in a peer-reviewed journal. Moderna hasn’t released any data on booster studies, officials said.

Johnson & Johnson’s single-use vaccine has so far played a minor role in the country’s vaccination campaign. Clinical trial data on the mode of action of this two-shot vaccine is expected next month.

Noah Weiland contributed the reporting.

Categories
Health

People Are Flocking to Mexico, Regardless of Rising Covid Instances

“During Covid, bookings never slowed down,” she said, noting that some resorts are planning to begin charging for the tests later this month, with rates running from $50 to $150.

In Los Cabos, Mr. Chung paid $40 for his Covid test.

Lynda Hower, a travel adviser based in Pittsburgh, was vacationing in the Cancún area with her family earlier this month. She said the airport customs lines were crowded with several flights landing at the same time, resulting in little social distancing. To reach the resort, she opted for a private transfer. A few days before returning home, the family was tested for free at the resort and able to receive their negative results via text at the pool.

“It was very professional,” she said, noting she got the results in 20 minutes.

The state of Jalisco, home to Puerto Vallarta, is green on the stoplight system, and it’s not hard to spot a tourist in town, especially as travel has picked up this year.

“The majority are still masked down here and if someone is not masked, you can assume they are probably a tourist,” said Robert Nelson, a California native who lives in Puerto Vallarta and runs the subscription website Expats in Mexico. “We are working hard to get more people vaccinated, but we need a little help from the folks visiting to abide by the local regulations.”

But even compliant travelers will find the experience changed, because of fewer visitors or safety protocols.

“Don’t expect bars to allow you to stay until 4 or 5 in the morning doing shots,” Mr. Nelson added.

In San Miguel de Allende, the popular colonial town in Guanajuato in central Mexico, public statues are dressed in masks and anyone entering the central plaza must pass through an arch that mists sanitizer. Local police admonish visitors to wear or pull up their masks and have been known to take scofflaws to jail for flouting the rules.

Ann Kuffner, an American retiree who has been living in San Miguel de Allende for the past three years, is telling friends who want to visit to wait until fall when vaccination rates will be higher and the events for which San Miguel is known, such as Day of the Dead festivities, may safely return.

Categories
Politics

Biden Desires to Embrace Energy Traces. Some Individuals Disagree.

Die Nation steht einmal in einer Generation vor Entscheidungen darüber, wie Energie an Haushalte, Unternehmen und Elektroautos geliefert werden soll – Entscheidungen, die den Verlauf des Klimawandels beeinflussen und bestimmen könnten, wie die Vereinigten Staaten mit Waldbränden, Hitzewellen und anderen extremen Wetterbedingungen umgehen zur globalen Erwärmung.

Auf der einen Seite wollen große Stromversorger und Präsident Biden Tausende von Kilometern Stromleitungen bauen, um den von entfernten Windturbinen und Solarparks erzeugten Strom in Städte und Vororte zu transportieren. Auf der anderen Seite drängen einige Umweltorganisationen und Gemeindegruppen auf größere Investitionen in Dachsolarzellen, Batterien und lokale Windturbinen.

In Washington und den Hauptstädten der Bundesstaaten findet ein intensiver politischer Kampf um die Entscheidungen statt, die Gesetzgeber, Energieunternehmen und Einzelpersonen in den nächsten Jahren treffen, die ein jahrzehntelanges Energiesystem festsetzen könnten. Die Kluft zwischen denen, die mehr Stromleitungen wollen, und denen, die ein stärker dezentralisiertes Energiesystem fordern, hat die Branche für erneuerbare Energien und die Umweltbewegung gespalten. Und es hat bequeme Partnerschaften zwischen Unternehmen für fossile Brennstoffe und lokalen Gruppen geschaffen, die gegen Stromleitungen kämpfen.

Es geht um die Frage, wie schnell das Land auf saubere Energie umstellen kann und wie stark die Strompreise steigen werden.

Herr Biden hat in einem Infrastrukturvorschlag, dem er und die Senatoren beider Parteien im Juni zugestimmt haben, 73 Milliarden US-Dollar für Tausende von Kilometern neuer Stromleitungen gesichert. Dieser Deal beinhaltet die Schaffung einer Grid Development Authority, um die Genehmigungen für Übertragungsleitungen zu beschleunigen.

Die meisten Energieexperten sind sich einig, dass die Vereinigten Staaten ihre alternden Stromnetze verbessern müssen, insbesondere nachdem Millionen Texaner diesen Winter tagelang gefroren waren, als das Stromsystem des Staates ins Stocken geraten war.

„Die Entscheidungen, die wir heute treffen, werden uns auf einen Weg bringen, der, wenn die Geschichte ein Barometer ist, 50 bis 100 Jahre andauern könnte“, sagte Amy Myers Jaffe, Geschäftsführerin des Climate Policy Lab an der Tufts University. “Auf dem Spiel steht buchstäblich die Gesundheit und das wirtschaftliche Wohl jedes Amerikaners.”

Die von Herrn Biden und einigen großen Energieunternehmen unterstützte Option würde Kohle- und Erdgaskraftwerke durch große Wind- und Solarparks Hunderte von Kilometern von Städten entfernt ersetzen, was viele neue Stromleitungen erfordert. Eine solche Integration würde die Kontrolle stärken, die die Versorgungsindustrie und die Wall Street über das Netz haben.

„Man muss einen großen nationalen Plan haben, um sicherzustellen, dass der Strom von dort, wo er erzeugt wird, dorthin gelangt, wo er gebraucht wird“, sagte Energieministerin Jennifer Granholm in einem Interview.

Aber viele der liberalen Verbündeten von Herrn Biden argumentieren, dass Sonnenkollektoren, Batterien und andere lokale Energiequellen hervorgehoben werden sollten, da sie widerstandsfähiger wären und schneller gebaut werden könnten.

„Wir müssen das Stromübertragungs- und -verteilungssystem für das Stromnetz der Zukunft bauen und nicht das der Vergangenheit“, sagte Howard Learner, Executive Director des Environmental Law & Policy Center, einer gemeinnützigen Organisation mit Sitz in Chicago. „Solarenergie plus Speicher ist für den Elektrosektor genauso transformativ wie drahtlose Dienste für den Telekommunikationssektor.“

Aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach wird es einen Lösungsmix geben, der mehr Übertragungsleitungen und Solarpaneele auf dem Dach umfasst. Welche Kombination entsteht, hängt von den im Kongress getroffenen Vereinbarungen ab, aber auch von Scharmützeln im ganzen Land.

Frau Granholm sagte, die Verwaltung unterstütze Solar- und Mikronetze auf dem Dach, Systeme, die es Städten oder Stadtteilen ermöglichen, ihren eigenen Strom zu erzeugen und zu nutzen. Herr Biden hat beispielsweise eine Investitionssteuergutschrift des Bundes für lokale Energiespeicherprojekte vorgeschlagen. Sie fügte jedoch hinzu, dass dezentrale Ansätze nicht ausreichen würden, um das Ziel des Präsidenten zu erreichen, die Treibhausgasemissionen aus dem Stromsektor bis 2035 zu eliminieren.

Als im vergangenen Sommer Millionen von kalifornischen Häusern während einer Hitzewelle dunkel wurden, kam Hilfe aus einer ungewöhnlichen Quelle: Batterien, die in Häusern, Unternehmen und kommunalen Gebäuden installiert wurden.

Diese Batterien, zusammen mit der Dachsolaranlage, haben während der Krise bis zu 6 Prozent der Stromversorgung des staatlichen Stromnetzes eingeschaltet und halfen dabei, stillgelegte Erdgas- und Atomkraftwerke auszugleichen. Solarkollektoren auf dem Dach erzeugten zusätzliche 4 Prozent des Stroms des Staates.

Dieses Ergebnis – Hausbesitzer und Unternehmen, die das Stromnetz unterstützen – wäre vor einem Jahrzehnt undenkbar gewesen. Seit mehr als einem Jahrhundert fließt Strom nur in eine Richtung: vom Kraftwerk zum Menschen.

Kalifornien hat gezeigt, dass Haushalte und Unternehmen keine passiven Verbraucher sein müssen. Sie können zu Mini-Kraftwerken werden, die potenziell so viel aus der Bereitstellung von Energie verdienen, wie sie für Strom bezahlen, den sie aus dem Netz beziehen.

Haus- und Geschäftsbatterien, die so klein wie ein großer Fernseher und so groß wie ein Computerserverraum sein können, werden über das Stromnetz oder über Sonnenkollektoren auf dem Dach aufgeladen. Sie setzen Energie frei, nachdem die Sonne untergegangen ist oder bei Stromausfällen, die in den letzten Jahren häufiger geworden sind.

Einige Umweltschützer argumentieren, dass der stärkere Einsatz von Solaranlagen und Batterien auf dem Dach aufgrund des Klimawandels immer wichtiger wird.

Nachdem seine Ausrüstung mehrere große Waldbrände entzündet hatte, begann Pacific Gas & Electric, an heißen und windigen Tagen den Strom abzuschalten, um Brände zu verhindern. Das Unternehmen ist im vergangenen Jahr aus dem Konkurs hervorgegangen, nachdem es 30 Milliarden US-Dollar an Verbindlichkeiten für Waldbrände angehäuft hatte, die durch seine Ausrüstung, einschließlich Übertragungsleitungen, verursacht wurden.

Elizabeth Ellenburg, eine 87-jährige Krebsüberlebende in Napa, Kalifornien, kaufte 2019 Sonnenkollektoren und eine Batterie von Sunrun, um ihren Kühlschrank, ihre Sauerstoffausrüstung und ihre Geräte während der Stromabschaltungen von PG&E am Laufen zu halten gut gearbeitet.

„Normalerweise sind es nicht 24 Stunden, wenn PG&E ausfällt, sondern Tage“, sagte Frau Ellenburg, eine Krankenschwester im Ruhestand. „Ich muss die Fähigkeit haben, medizinische Geräte zu benutzen. Um in meinem eigenen Zuhause zu leben, brauchte ich andere Energie als den Stromanbieter.“

Das Unternehmen sagt, es arbeite daran, seine Ausrüstung zu verbessern. „Unser Fokus liegt darauf, unser Verteilungs- und Übertragungssystem widerstandsfähiger und feuerfester zu machen“, sagte Sumeet Singh, Chief Risk Officer von PG&E.

Aber die Ausgaben für den Brandschutz durch kalifornische Versorgungsunternehmen haben die Strompreise erhöht, und Verbrauchergruppen sagen, dass der Bau von mehr Stromleitungen sie noch höher treiben wird.

Die durchschnittlichen Strompreise für Privathaushalte sind in den letzten zehn Jahren um etwa 14 Prozent gestiegen, obwohl der durchschnittliche Energieverbrauch der Haushalte um etwas mehr als 1 Prozent gestiegen ist.

Die Regulierungsbehörden erlauben den Versorgungsunternehmen im Allgemeinen, den Kunden die Investitionskosten zuzüglich einer Gewinnspanne von in der Regel etwa 10,5 Prozent in Rechnung zu stellen, was den Unternehmen einen Anreiz zum Bau von Kraftwerken und Leitungen gibt.

„Natürlich begrüßen wir das Engagement der Regierung für erneuerbare Energien, aber größer ist nicht immer besser“, sagte Bernadette Del Chiaro, Geschäftsführerin der California Solar and Storage Association, einer Organisation, die sich für die Solarindustrie auf Dächern einsetzt. „Smarter richtet sich auf Microgrids ein, einschließlich Solar auf Dächern. Die Versorgungsunternehmen stecken eindeutig im 20. Jahrhundert fest; sie wollen die transkontinentale Eisenbahn des Stromnetzes bauen.“

Ein Bericht des National Renewable Energy Laboratory aus dem Jahr 2019, einem Forschungszweig des Energieministeriums, ergab, dass eine stärkere Nutzung von Dachsolaranlagen den Bedarf an neuen Übertragungsleitungen reduzieren, teure Kraftwerke ersetzen und die Energie sparen kann, die bei langen Stromtransporten verloren geht Entfernungen. Die Studie ergab auch, dass Dachsysteme Druck auf Versorgungsunternehmen ausüben können, um Kabel und Ausrüstung in der Nachbarschaft zu verbessern oder zu erweitern.

Aber die Versorgungsindustrie argumentiert, dass neue Übertragungsleitungen benötigt werden, um zu 100 Prozent sauberer Energie zu kommen und Elektroautos und Lastwagen anzutreiben. Diese hohen Kosten werden durch das Geld ausgeglichen, das durch den Wechsel von fossilen Brennstoffen zu billigeren Sonnenkollektoren und Windturbinen gespart wird, sagte Emily Sanford Fisher, Senior Vice President für saubere Energie am Edison Electric Institute, das die Versorgungsunternehmen im Besitz von Investoren vertritt.

„Nur weil wir Geld für mehr Dinge ausgeben, heißt das nicht, dass wir keine Vorteile für andere bekommen“, sagte Frau Fisher. „Ich denke, das Problem ist nicht, dass wir zu viel Übertragung aufbauen, sondern dass wir nicht genug haben.“

Im Februar war Texas für mehr als vier Tage durch einen Tiefkühlfrost lahmgelegt, der Kraftwerke lahmlegte und Erdgaspipelines lahmlegte. Die Leute benutzten Autos und Grills und sogar verbrannte Möbel, um sich warm zu halten; mindestens 150 starben.

Ein Grund für das Scheitern war, dass der Staat das vom Electric Reliability Council of Texas verwaltete Netz weitgehend vom Rest des Landes getrennt hat, um eine staatliche Aufsicht zu vermeiden. Das hinderte den Staat daran, Strom zu importieren, und macht Texas zu einem Argument für das vernetzte Stromsystem, das Herr Biden will.

Betrachten Sie Marfa, eine künstlerische Stadt in der Chihuahua-Wüste. Die Anwohner hatten Mühe, warm zu bleiben, da der Boden mit Schnee und Eisregen bedeckt war. Noch 75 Meilen westlich brannten in Van Horn, Texas, die Lichter. Diese Stadt wird von El Paso Electric versorgt, einem Versorgungsunternehmen, das dem Western Electricity Coordinating Council angeschlossen ist, einem Netz, das 14 Bundesstaaten, zwei kanadische Provinzen und einen mexikanischen Bundesstaat verbindet.

Ein stärker vernetztes nationales Stromnetz könnte von Katastrophen betroffenen Orten helfen, Energie aus anderen Quellen zu beziehen, sagte Ralph Cavanagh, ein Beamter des Natural Resources Defense Council, einer Umweltgruppe.

Herr Biden stimmt zu. Während seiner Präsidentschaftskampagne forderte er sogar neue Stromleitungen.

Das hätte ihm vielleicht geholfen, die Unterstützung von Stromversorgern zu gewinnen, die in der Regel größere Wahlkampfspenden an die Republikaner leisten. Während der Wahlen 2020 gaben ihm die politischen Aktionskomitees der Branche und ihre Führungskräfte 1,4 Millionen US-Dollar, verglichen mit etwa 1 Million US-Dollar für Donald J. Trump, so das Center for Responsive Politics.

In Washington drängen Entwickler großer Solar- und Windprojekte auf ein stärker vernetztes Netz, während Versorgungsunternehmen mehr Bundesmittel für neue Übertragungsleitungen fordern. Befürworter von Solarmodulen und Batterien auf dem Dach fordern den Kongress für mehr Anreize des Bundes.

Unabhängig davon gibt es in den Hauptstädten der Bundesstaaten heftige Schlachten darüber, wie viel Versorgungsunternehmen Hausbesitzern für den Strom zahlen müssen, der von Solarmodulen auf dem Dach erzeugt wird. Versorgungsunternehmen in Kalifornien, Florida und anderswo wollen, dass der Gesetzgeber diese Sätze senkt. Hausbesitzer mit Sonnenkollektoren und Gruppen für erneuerbare Energien kämpfen gegen diese Bemühungen.

Trotz der Unterstützung von Herrn Biden könnte die Versorgungsindustrie Schwierigkeiten haben, Stromleitungen hinzuzufügen.

Viele Amerikaner wehren sich aus ästhetischen und ökologischen Gründen gegen Übertragungsleitungen. Auch starke wirtschaftliche Interessen sind im Spiel. In Maine zum Beispiel ist eine Kampagne im Gange, um eine 145-Meilen-Leitung zu stoppen, die Wasserkraft von Quebec nach Massachusetts bringen wird.

Neuengland hat die Kohle auslaufen lassen, verwendet aber immer noch Erdgas. Der Gesetzgeber hofft, dies mit Hilfe der 1-Milliarden-Dollar-Linie namens New England Clean Energy Connect zu ändern.

In diesem Frühjahr haben Arbeiter in den Wäldern von West-Maine Bäume gerodet und Stahlmasten aufgestellt. Das Projekt, das vor einem Jahrzehnt erstmals vorgeschlagen wurde, sollte New Hampshire durchdringen, bis der Staat es ablehnte. Bundes- und staatliche Aufsichtsbehörden haben die Maine-Route genehmigt, die von Central Maine Power und HydroQuebec gesponsert wird.

Aber das Projekt ist in Gerichtsverfahren verstrickt, und die Einwohner von Maine könnten es durch eine Abstimmungsmaßnahme im November blockieren.

Umweltgruppen und ein von Calpine und Vistra finanziertes politisches Aktionskomitee, die Gaskraftwerke betreiben, kämpfen beide gegen die Linie. Gegner sagen, es würde die Wanderungen von Auerhähnen, Nerzen und Elchen gefährden und die Baumdecke entfernen, die Flüsse kühlt und Bachforellen gefährdet.

„Diese Übertragungsleitung hätte schwerwiegende Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt und den Lebensraum von Wildtieren in Maine“, sagte Sandra Howard, eine Leiterin der Kampagne gegen die Leitung.

Beamte der Biden-Regierung sagten, sie seien für solche Bedenken sensibel und wollten, dass viele Stromleitungen entlang von Autobahnen, Eisenbahnschienen und anderen bestehenden Wegerechten gebaut werden, um Konflikte zu minimieren.

Aber Herr Biden hat nicht viel Zeit. Die Menge an Kohlendioxid in der Atmosphäre stellte im Mai einen Rekord auf, und einige Wissenschaftler glauben, dass die jüngsten Hitzewellen durch den Klimawandel verschlimmert wurden.

„Getriebeprojekte dauern von der Konzeption bis zur Fertigstellung über 10 Jahre“, sagt Douglas D. Giuffre, Energieexperte bei IHS Markit. „Wenn wir also eine Dekarbonisierung des Stromsektors bis 2035 anstreben, dann muss dies alles sehr schnell geschehen.“