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World News

Constructing moral AI merchandise can put companies at aggressive benefit

An Ubtech Walker X Robot plays Chinese chess during the World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC) 2021 at the Shanghai World Expo Center on July 8, 2021 in Shanghai, China.

VCG | VCG via Getty Images

SINGAPORE – Ensuring that AI-powered services and products are ethical and trustworthy could become a competitive strength for businesses, experts said on Wednesday.

Artificial intelligence systems are already changing companies. You’ll be able to automate repetitive tasks, analyze large amounts of data, recommend content, translate languages, and even play games.

But the current scope of things AI can do is relatively narrow. Some experts say the technology is far from becoming what is known as artificial general intelligence, or AGI – which indicates the AI’s hypothetical ability to understand or learn any human intellectual task.

However, others have pointed out that despite its current limited capabilities, AI raises a number of ethical questions – such as whether the data fed into AI programs is unbiased and whether AI can be held responsible if something goes wrong.

To build trustworthy AI systems, countries and various stakeholders need to work together, said Wonki Min, a former vice minister in South Korea’s science and technology ministry who spearheaded the country’s national AI strategy.

That means working with neighboring countries as well as industry experts, academics and ordinary people who use these technologies, Min said during a panel discussion on AI governance at the Asia Tech x Singapore conference.

Requirements for building trust

Experts previously warned that inherently biased AI programs can create serious problems and compromise people’s trust in these systems. For example, facial recognition software can contain accidental racial and gender biases that can pose a threat to a specific group of people.

Trust is fundamental to getting a technology up and running to its fullest, said Andrew Wyckoff, director of the science, technology and innovation directorate at OECD who was part of the panel.

Artificial intelligence creates competitive strength for industry.

Ieva Martinkenaite

Vice President at Telenor Research

He pointed out that there are several “essential” elements to building trust in AI systems. These include: being able to transparently explain how a program works, ensuring that the program is robust, secure, secure and accountable.

Regulators are faced with the daunting task of finding a balance to encourage further AI developments and manage the risks involved. Some researchers say it is too early for politics to impose new strict rules on technology.

For their part, the OECD Principles on AI promote artificial intelligence that is “innovative, trustworthy and respects human rights and democratic values” and makes recommendations to policy makers and other stakeholders.

A competitive advantage

According to Hiroaki Kitano, President and CEO of Sony Computer Science Laboratories, building trustworthy and ethical AI systems and the governance that surrounds them could potentially become a competitive strength for companies.

The Japanese conglomerate uses AI in a variety of its products, including cameras.

For Norwegian telecommunications giant Telenor, ethical AI is “a responsible business emerging” according to Ieva Martinkenaite, Vice President at Telenor Research. She pointed out that many of the next generation telecommunications networks will be powered by AI-embedded software and that technology will be critical to new growth opportunities.

According to Martinkenaite, this requires a set of global rules and trust principles built on top of AI that are followed not only by telecommunications companies but also by global providers to whom they outsource parts of their operations. Vendors can include stakeholders such as device vendors, software companies and service companies, he added.

“Artificial intelligence creates competitive strength for the industry,” she said.

Wonki Min, currently president of the State University of New York, Korea, added that if companies fail to meet ethical standards surrounding AI, they will not survive in the marketplace. Unless governments can create a trustworthy AI environment, they would not be maximizing the benefits of the technology.

“This is why building trustworthy AI is important in order to maximize the potential benefits of AI technology, and the way we should be doing this is a global, multi-stakeholder approach,” said Min.

Categories
World News

Apple is popping privateness right into a enterprise benefit

Apple unveiled new versions of its operating systems on Monday which showed that the company’s focus on privacy has taken a new turn. It’s not just a corporate ideal or a marketing point anymore. It’s now a major initiative across Apple distinguishing its products from Android and Windows competition.

Apple has positioned itself as the most privacy-sensitive big technology company since Apple CEO Tim Cook wrote an open letter on the topic in 2014. Since then, Apple has introduced new iPhone features that restrict app access to personal data and advertised privacy heavily in television ads.

But Monday’s announcements showed that Apple’s privacy strategy is now part of its products: Privacy was mentioned as part of nearly every new feature, and got stage time of its own.

Privacy-focused features and apps announced by Apple on Monday for forthcoming operating systems iOS 15 or MacOS Monterey included:

  • No tracking pixels. The Mail app will now run images through proxy servers to defeat tracking pixels that tell email marketers when and where messages were opened.
  • Private Relay. Subscribers to Apple’s iCloud storage service will get a feature called iCloud+ which includes Private Relay, a service that hides user IP addresses, which are often used to infer location. An Apple representative said it’s not a virtual private network, a type of service often used by privacy-sensitive people to access web content in areas where it’s restricted. Instead, Apple will pass web traffic through both an Apple server and a proxy server run by a third party to strip identifying information.
  • Hide My Email. iCloud subscribers will be able to create and use temporary, anonymous email addresses, sometimes called burner addresses, inside the Mail app.
  • App Privacy Report. Inside the iPhones settings, Apple will tell you which servers apps connect to, shining light on apps that collect data and send it to third parties the user doesn’t recognize. It will also tell users how often the apps use the microphone and camera.

Leveraging Apple’s chip chops

With its focus on privacy, Apple is leaning on one of its core strengths. Increasingly, data is being processed on local devices, like a computer or phone, instead of being sent back to big servers to analyze. This is both more private, because the data doesn’t live on a server, and potentially faster from an engineering standpoint.

Because Apple designs both the iPhone and processors that offer heavy-duty processing power at low energy usage, it’s best poised to offer an alternative vision to Android developer Google which has essentially built its business around internet services.

This engineering distinction has resulted in several new apps and features that do significantly more processing on the phone instead of in the cloud, including:

  • Local Siri. Apple said on Monday that that Siri now doesn’t need to send audio recordings to a server to understand what they say. Instead, Apple’s own voice recognition and processors are powerful enough to do them on the phone. This is a major difference from other assistants like Amazon’s Alexa, which uses serversto decipher speech. It could also make Siri faster.
  • Automatically organizing photos. Apple’s photos app can now use AI software to identify things inside your photo library, like pets, or vacation spots, or friends and family, and automatically organize them into galleries and animations, sometimes with musical accompaniment. Many of these features are available in Google Photos, but Google’s software requires all photos to be uploaded to the cloud. Apple’s technology can do the analysis on the device and even search the contents of the photos with text.

Apple’s privacy infrastructure also allows it to expand into big new markets like online payments, identity, and health, both from a product and marketing perspective.

It can build new products while being sure that it’s following best practices for not collecting unnecessary data or violating policies like Europe’s strict General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

In addition, users may feel more comfortable about features that deal with sensitive data or topics — like finance or health — because they trust Apple and its approach to data.

Features introduced by Apple on Monday show how the company is using its user data position to break into these lucrative markets.

  • Monitoring walking health and sharing medical records. Apple’s health app can now use readings from an iPhone, such movement when the user is walking, to warn them that they might be at risk for a harmful fall because they’re walking unsteadily. Apple will also enable users who connect their iPhone to the health records system to share those records with a doctor, friends, or family. Health data is among the most heavily regulated types of data, and it’s hard to see Apple introducing these features unless it was sure that it had a good reputation among customers and internal competence with handling sensitive data. “Privacy is fundamental in the design and development across all of our health features,” an Apple engineer said while introducing the feature.
  • Government IDs, keycards and car keys in the Wallet app. Apple used the trust it’s built in privacy and security when it launched Apple Card, its credit card with Goldman Sachs, in which users sign up for a line of credit almost entirely inside the app. Now, Apple has introduced several new features for the Wallet app that are most attractive for users who believe Apple’s security and privacy are up to the task. In iOS 15, Apple will enable users to put in car or home keys in their wallet app, which means all someone needs to get inside is their phone. Apple also said, without a lot of details, that it is working with the Transportation Security Administration to put American ID cards, like a driver’s license, inside the Wallet app, too.

Cook has said “privacy is a fundamental human right” and that the company’s policies and his personal stance doesn’t have to do with commerce or Apple’s products.

But being the big technology company that takes data issues seriously could end up being lucrative and allow Apple more freedom to launch new services and products. Facebook, Apple’s Silicon Valley neighbor and vocal Apple critic, has increasingly dealt with challenges launching new products because of the company’s poor reputation on how it handles user data.

Americans also say that privacy is factoring into buying decisions. A Pew study from 2020 said that 52% of Americans decided not to use a product or service because of concerns over data protection.

Categories
Politics

The Gerrymander Battles Loom, as G.O.P. Seems to Press Its Benefit

WASHINGTON – Nachdem die Wahlen beendet sind und die Demokraten das Weiße Haus und beide Kammern des Kongresses unter Kontrolle haben, bereiten sich die Beamten beider Parteien auf einen neuen Kampf mit einem anderen Kräfteverhältnis vor: das Neuzeichnen von Kongresskarten, auf denen die Republikaner den Vorteil haben viele staatliche Gesetzgebungen im ganzen Land, auch in wichtigen Schlachtfeldstaaten.

Die Republikaner haben die vollständige Kontrolle über die Umverteilung in 18 Bundesstaaten, darunter Florida, North Carolina und Texas, deren Bevölkerung wächst und die nach der tabellarischen Volkszählung 2020 voraussichtlich Sitze erhalten werden. Einige Wahlfachleute glauben, dass die GOP das Haus im Jahr 2022 zurückerobern könnte, allein aufgrund der Gewinne aus neu gezogenen Bezirken.

Die Republikaner diskutieren bereits über die Neugestaltung von zwei Vorstadtbezirken in Atlanta, die von Demokraten gehalten werden sollen einer von ihnen republikanischer; demokratische Teile aus einem Bezirk in Houston herausschneiden, den die Republikaner 2018 verloren haben; und einen nordöstlichen Ohio-Bezirk zu zerlegen, der seit 1985 von Demokraten gehalten wird.

“Ich würde sagen, dass die nationale Abstimmung in zwei Jahren dieselbe sein könnte wie in diesem Jahr, und eine Umverteilung allein würde leicht ausreichen, um zu ändern, wer die Kammer kontrolliert”, sagte Samuel S. Wang, der Direktor des Princeton Gerrymandering-Projekts. Er schätzte, dass allein durch eine Neuverteilung die Republikaner drei Sitze erhalten könnten und in North Carolina, Georgia und Florida weitere fünf Sitze.

Wenn die Demokraten einen Vorsprung von 222-211 haben, müssten die Republikaner wahrscheinlich nur sechs Sitze wechseln, um die Mehrheit zurückzugewinnen. Dr. Wang und andere Experten der guten Regierung warnten jedoch davor, dass andere Faktoren die Mehrheit bestimmen könnten.

Demokraten werden versuchen, Bezirke in Staaten wie New York, Illinois und Maryland zu ihren Gunsten neu zu zeichnen, sagten sie. Einige Schlachtfeldstaaten haben überparteiliche unabhängige Umverteilungskommissionen verabschiedet. Und Präsident Biden hat bei den Wahlen im November keine Welle von Downballot-Siegen für Demokraten ausgelöst, so dass es weniger Überraschungssieger gibt, die 2022 leicht ihre Sitze verlieren könnten.

Während der Partisanenkrieg auf dem Capitol Hill die meiste nationale Aufmerksamkeit auf sich zieht, gehören die Kämpfe um die Umverteilung zu den heftigsten und folgenreichsten in der amerikanischen Regierung. Eine Neuverteilung und Umverteilung erfolgt alle 10 Jahre nach der Volkszählung, wobei Staaten mit der am schnellsten wachsenden Bevölkerung auf Kosten derjenigen mit langsamer wachsender oder schrumpfender Bevölkerung Sitze im Kongress erhalten. Das durch Gerrymandering hergestellte Kräfteverhältnis kann jeder Partei einen Vorteil verschaffen, der mehrere Wahlzyklen überdauert. Gerichtsverfahren – auch wenn sie erfolgreich sind – können Jahre dauern, um diese Vorteile aufzuheben.

In diesem Jahr werden voraussichtlich Texas (mit möglicherweise drei neuen Sitzen) und Florida (zwei) die größten Gewinner sein, während Illinois, New York und zum ersten Mal Kalifornien jeweils ihre Sitze verlieren werden, sobald das Census Bureau die Neuaufteilungszahlen offiziell macht . Dies könnte den Republikanern einen inhärenten Vorteil bei den Zwischenwahlen im November 2022 verschaffen – unabhängig von der damaligen Popularität von Herrn Biden.

Es wird nicht erwartet, dass das Büro seine Daten bis Ende Juli liefert, einige Monate hinter dem Zeitplan, so dass der Gesetzgeber und die Umverteilungskommissionen weit weniger Zeit als gewöhnlich haben, um die Karten zu zeichnen und die unvermeidlichen gerichtlichen Herausforderungen vor Beginn der Vorwahlen 2022 zu bewältigen.

Demokraten haben auf schrägem Terrain mit Umverteilung gekämpft, seit die Republikaner während der Zwischenwahlen 2010 den Tisch anführten und sich in den Jahren 2011 und 2012 günstige Karten zogen. Obwohl die Gerichte sie in Staaten wie Pennsylvania und North Carolina für ungültig erklärt haben, sind noch viele übrig.

Obwohl die Demokraten 2018 die Kontrolle über das Haus erlangten, „erschweren die anhaltenden Auswirkungen von Partisanen-Gerrymandering, die überproportional von republikanischen Gesetzgebern kontrolliert werden, den Demokraten, die Kontrolle zu behalten oder die Kontrolle zu gewinnen“, sagte Bernard Grofman, Professor für Politik an der University of California, Irvine, “weil sie wahrscheinlich näher an 52 Prozent der nationalen Stimmen oder definitiv mehr als 51 Prozent gewinnen müssen.”

Eine Vielzahl von Staaten hat unabhängige Kommissionen zum Zeichnen von Karten eingesetzt und argumentiert, dass Menschen ohne berechtigtes Interesse eher fairere Karten zeichnen würden. Einige gute Regierungsgruppen und Politikwissenschaftler haben sich für weitere Änderungen eingesetzt, beispielsweise für die Verwendung von Algorithmen zur Bestimmung von Bezirksgrenzen, obwohl es eine breite Debatte darüber gibt, wie die parteipolitische Neigung des Prozesses wirksam beseitigt werden kann.

Die Republikaner haben größtenteils eine Haltung gewählt, die Konsequenzen für die Wahlen gegenüber dem Kartierungsprozess hat. Adam Kincaid, der Exekutivdirektor des National Republican Redistricting Trust, der wichtigsten Kartenherstellungsorganisation der Partei, sagte, seine Energie werde auf die unvermeidlichen Rechtsstreitigkeiten gerichtet sein, die nach der diesjährigen Partisanen-Kartenzeichnung folgen werden.

“Ohne Klagen in Pennsylvania, North Carolina und Florida wären die Republikaner heute in der Mehrheit”, sagte Kincaid. Die Dinge, auf die man sich konzentrieren sollte, seien “die Verteidigung von Karten, die von republikanischen Gesetzgebern gezeichnet wurden, und die aggressivere Haltung gegenüber demokratischen Gerrymandern in den blauen Staaten”.

Während sie versuchen, die Wahlkarten neu zu gestalten, diskutieren die Republikaner, wie aggressiv sie sein sollten. Sie können die Grenzen überschreiten und versuchen, 2022 so viele Sitze wie möglich zu gewinnen, was sie in den kommenden Jahren in den wachsenden Vororten, die Wellen von Demokraten anziehen, in Gefahr bringt, mehr Sitze zu verlieren. Oder sie können eine kleinere Anzahl republikanischer Distrikte anstreben, die eine dauerhaftere Mehrheit schaffen können, mit dem Potenzial, das Jahrzehnt zu überdauern.

Die zentralen Umverteilungsschlachtfelder befinden sich in Texas und Florida. Obwohl beide Staaten von Republikanern kontrolliert werden, ist das Bevölkerungswachstum größtenteils auf farbige und vorstädtische Menschen zurückzuführen – Demografien, die während der Trump-Ära in Richtung Demokraten tendierten.

“Ihre Fähigkeit, die Karte mit 30 Sitzen wie beim letzten Mal zu manipulieren, steht nicht mehr auf dem Tisch”, sagte Kelly Ward Burton, die Präsidentin des National Democratic Redistricting Committee. “Wenn die Karte fair ist, werden wir am Ende wettbewerbsfähigere Plätze haben als jetzt.”

Die Kombination aus ausgefeilter Kartenerstellungssoftware und der verkürzten Zeit des Kartenzeichnens wird den republikanischen Gesetzgebern jedoch eine weitaus freiere Hand geben, um im nächsten Jahr günstige Bezirke in Kraft zu setzen. Und Republikaner in Staaten wie Texas und Georgia werden von der Entscheidung des Obersten Gerichtshofs im Jahr 2013 über das Stimmrechtsgesetz profitieren, mit der die Anforderung aufgehoben wurde, dass sie die Zustimmung des Bundes zur Umverteilung erhalten.

“Ich bin sehr besorgt”, sagte Manny Diaz, der ehemalige Bürgermeister von Miami, der diesen Monat der neue Vorsitzende der Florida Democratic Party wurde. Er verbringt seine ersten Wochen als Vorsitzender damit, einen Plan zu entwickeln, um die republikanischen Bemühungen herauszufordern und auszugleichen.

Vor einem Jahrzehnt leitete Herr Diaz die Bemühungen von Fair Districts Now, die eine Verfassungsänderung vorschlugen, die Richtlinien für die Umverteilung in Florida enthält. Die Wähler stimmten der Maßnahme 2010 pünktlich zur Umverteilung 2011 zu. Aber die Republikaner in der Legislative ignorierten viele der Prinzipien und installierten eine stark umrissene Karte, die den Republikanern 2012 half, 17 der 27 Sitze im Repräsentantenhaus zu gewinnen, während Präsident Barack Obama die Wiederwahl gewann.

Obwohl es nahezu unmittelbare rechtliche Herausforderungen gab, schlug der Oberste Staatsgerichtshof erst 2015 die neu gezeichnete Karte nieder und sagte, acht Distrikte seien aggressiv umworben worden, um Republikaner zu begünstigen.

In Texas zieht eine ähnliche Besorgnis durch die Wählerschaft. Am Donnerstag hielt der Umverteilungsausschuss des Senats eine virtuelle Anhörung ab und begrüßte öffentliche Kommentare. Über zwei Stunden lang kamen Bitten aus dem ganzen Bundesstaat: Bitte zeichnen Sie faire Karten.

“Ich glaube, dass Gerrymandering eine existenzielle Bedrohung für die Nation darstellt”, sagte Rick Kennedy, der in Austin lebt und 2018 und 2020 als Demokrat für den Kongress kandidierte.

Obwohl die Daten für die Neuverteilung noch ausstehen, sagte Phil King, der Republikaner, der das Umverteilungskomitee im Texas State House leitet, dass fast das gesamte Bevölkerungswachstum aus dem Dreieck zwischen Houston, Dallas und San Antonio stammte. Er merkte an, dass das Komitee wahrscheinlich einige ländliche Gebiete auf städtische Gebiete ausweiten müsse, um die Bevölkerung auf etwa 850.000 pro Bezirk zu halten.

“Wenn Sie in West-Texas sind, wo die meisten Grafschaften 10 bis 20.000 Menschen haben, müssen Sie in diese städtischen Gebiete greifen, um etwas Bevölkerung aufzunehmen”, sagte King.

Diese Splitter in städtischen Gebieten sind jedoch das, was Demokraten und Gruppen guter Regierungen als eine verzerrte Form des Wanderns anprangern, die die politische Stimme eines Gebiets schwächt, indem sie sie auf andere Bezirke verteilt – und eine, die Menschen mit Farbe überproportional betrifft.

“Wir werden weiterhin Rassen- und Partisanen-Gerrymandering in Bezug auf das Packen in den städtischen Gebieten sehen”, sagte Allison Riggs, die vorläufige Exekutivdirektorin der Südlichen Koalition für soziale Gerechtigkeit, und verwies auf eine Gerrymandering-Taktik zur Schaffung eines stark parteiischen Distrikts durch “Packen” Sie es mit Unterstützern. Frau Riggs argumentierte mit Gerrymandering-Klagen gegen die 2010 von Republikanern gezeichneten Karten in Florida, North Carolina, Tennessee und Texas.

Demokraten werden Linien für weit weniger Kongresssitze ziehen. Der größte demokratische Staat, Kalifornien, lagert die Umverteilung an eine Kommission aus, ebenso wie Colorado, Virginia und Washington. Und Herr Kincaid sagte, die Republikaner bereiteten sich darauf vor, demokratische Karten in Staaten wie Illinois, Maryland und New Mexico herauszufordern.

In New York, wo die Demokraten zum ersten Mal seit 1991 die Umverteilung kontrollieren, könnte die Hälfte der republikanischen Kongressdelegation – je nach Ergebnis einer unentschlossenen Rasse sieben oder acht Mitglieder – ihre Distrikte verschwinden sehen, wenn die Demokraten das aggressivste Gerrymandering betreiben, das es gibt .

“Es ist zu erwarten, dass, wenn die Wähler von New York den Demokraten eine Mehrheitskontrolle über beide Häuser der Legislative übertragen haben, dies eine Chance schaffen könnte, die es in der Vergangenheit nicht gab”, sagte der Vertreter Sean Patrick Maloney aus New York Vorsitzender des Wahlkampfausschusses des Demokratischen Kongresses.

Einige Wahlkampfexperten argumentierten, dass die Republikaner vor 10 Jahren so erfolgreich darin waren, Karten zu zeichnen, dass es für sie schwierig sein würde, ihren Vorteil jetzt auszubauen.

“Die Demokraten konnten das Haus im Jahr 2018 gewinnen, obwohl es einige sehr umherziehende Staaten gab”, sagte Jonathan Cervas, ein Postdoktorand an der Carnegie Mellon University, der Gerrymandering studiert.

Demokraten sind auch national stärker positioniert als 2011. Wichtige Schlachtfeldstaaten wie Pennsylvania und Wisconsin haben die Regierung mit demokratischen Gouverneuren geteilt, die gegen Karten ein Veto einlegen und wahrscheinliche Gerichtsschlachten auslösen könnten. In Virginia erlangten die Demokraten 2019 die Kontrolle über die Landesregierung, und 2020 stimmten die Wähler einer überparteilichen Umverteilungskommission zu, wodurch die Möglichkeit einer Partei, die Neuzeichnung von Distrikten zu dominieren, beseitigt wurde.

Andere Schlachtfeldstaaten wie Michigan und Arizona haben unabhängige Kommissionen anstelle von Partisanengesetzgebungen eingerichtet, die die neuen Karten zeichnen werden.

Ben Diamond, ein Vertreter des Bundesstaates Florida, der dort die demokratischen Umstrukturierungsbemühungen leitet, fordert seine Kollegen in der Legislative auf, sich zu “Transparenz und öffentlichem Engagement” und “einer sinnvollen geplanten Vorgehensweise” zu verpflichten.

Er fügte hinzu: “Je früher wir festlegen können, wie diese Arbeit aus Sicht des öffentlichen Engagements und der Transparenz durchgeführt werden soll, desto besser.”

Categories
Business

How Beijing Turned China’s Covid-19 Tragedy to Its Benefit

A year ago this week, the Chinese Communist Party was on the verge of its biggest crisis in decades. The corona virus brought the city of Wuhan to a standstill. In the days that followed, the government’s efforts to hide the pandemic would go public, sparking an online backlash unlike anything the Chinese internet had seen in years.

Then, when the blows landed faster than the Chinese propaganda machine apparently could handle, some liberal-minded Chinese began to think the unthinkable. Perhaps this tragedy would force the Chinese people to push back. After decades of mind control and the deterioration of censorship, perhaps this was the moment when the world’s largest and most powerful propaganda machine would crack.

It was not.

A year later, party’s control over the narrative has become absolute. In Beijing’s narrative, Wuhan does not stand as evidence of China’s weaknesses, but of its strengths. The memories of the horrors of last year seem to be fading, at least judging by the online content. Even moderate dissent is shouted down.

The people of China should bow their heads this week in memory of those who have suffered and died. Instead, the Chinese internet is on fire over the scandal of a Chinese actress and her surrogate babies, a tabloid controversy sparked by Chinese propaganda.

Anyone looking for lessons about China in the years to come must understand the consequences of what is happening in 2020. The tragedy has shown that Beijing is able to control what people in China see, hear and think to an extent that exceeds even what pessimists believed. During the next crisis – be it a disaster, a war or a financial crisis – the party has shown that it has the means to get people together, no matter how tenacious Beijing is about it.

This week I went through my Chinese social media schedules and screenshots from a year ago. I was shocked at how many posts, articles, photos, and videos were removed. I was also surprised to remember the sense of hope in that moment, despite intense anger and sadness.

The shift was particularly evident on the night that Dr. Li Wenliang, who was silenced after warning of the outbreak in late 2019, died of the virus.

That night, numerous Chinese people led an online riot. They posted videos of the song “Les Misérables” “Can you hear people singing?” They repeatedly shared one of Dr. Li’s quotes: “A healthy society shouldn’t have just one voice.”

Even one of China’s propaganda guidelines warned that Dr. Li’s death was an “unprecedented challenge”. Young people told me that the official news media had lost credibility.

One of my followers on Weibo, the Chinese social media platform, apologized for attacking me earlier. I used to think people like you were bad, he wrote. Now, he added, I know we have been betrayed.

A middle-aged intellectual told me he expected the population of liberal-minded Chinese – those who want more freedom from Beijing’s controls – to grow from its estimate of 5 percent to 10 percent of the total population to 30 to 40 percent.

As those hopes rose, others tried to stifle the excitement. A political scientist suggested that the proportion of liberal-minded Chinese internet users would shrink, not grow. In three months, she predicted, the Chinese public, led by the great communist government, would celebrate the glorious victory over the outbreak.

Updated

Jan. 23, 2021, 9:48 p.m. ET

Unfortunately she was right.

In order to get the narrative back in the early days of the pandemic, as my colleagues have reported, the Chinese government began a tremendous effort behind the scenes to ensure that the censors took control at the local level as well. They listened and read almost everything people had written. Then the censors either addressed the problems or silenced those who thought differently. Chinese officials say police examined or otherwise treated more than 17,000 people who they said they had invented or distributed fake information about pandemics.

The lockdown in Wuhan ended after 11 weeks. By the summer, a photo of a crowded Wuhan swimming pool appeared on the home pages of many websites around the world. China became a success story as infection cases and the death toll skyrocketed in the US and many other Western countries. The contrast made the effectiveness of the party’s strong hand an easy sale.

The Chinese Communist Party has a long history in controlling history. In the United States, historical narratives shift and compete, causing argument and sometimes even violence, but constantly shedding light on new perspectives and providing a better understanding of what underlies national identity. In China, on the other hand, the government has successfully taught its citizens that the country is virtually ungovernable unless a strong hand controls the narrative.

The Communist Party reports severely on its most serious mistakes, including the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution and crackdown on Tiananmen Square. Immediately after the Cultural Revolution, so-called scar literature – memoirs of those who suffered during this difficult time – became a popular genre. The party quickly recognized the danger of the public sharing their individual trauma and banned the books.

Under Xi Jinping, the party has become even less tolerant of unorthodox historical ideas. In 2016, Yanhuang Chunqiu, a monthly history magazine in which moderate retired officials published articles, was forced to cede its editorial powers to the authorities.

The narrative of the current pandemic is no exception. Journalists, writers and bloggers whose account of the outbreak differs from the official version have been arrested, disappeared or silenced.

Fang Fang, a Wuhan-based writer, became the most vilified figure on the Chinese internet in 2020. Your crime? Documentation of their lockdown experiences in an apolitical account in an online diary.

People on the internet call her a liar, a traitor, a villain and an imperialist dog. They accuse her of slandering the government and causing the Chinese people to lose face to the world by publishing an English translation of their diary in the United States. A man asked the government to investigate her for the crime of undermining state power. A high-ranking medical doctor punished her for lack of patriotic feelings.

No publisher is willing or able to publish their works in China. The social media posts and articles they endorse are often censored. Some people who spoke out in favor of them in public were punished, including a literary professor in Wuhan who lost their membership in the Communist Party and their right to teach.

“I think Fang Fang wrote about what happened,” said Amy Ye, the organizer of a volunteer group for disabled people in Wuhan. “In fact, I don’t think she included the most dire situations. Your diary is very moderate. I don’t understand why such a thing could not be tolerated. “

This requirement for a single narrative carries risks. It silences those who might warn the government before it does something stupid like stumbling into conflict or disrupting China’s economic growth machine.

It also hides the real feelings of the Chinese people. On the street, most Chinese people like to tell you what they think, perhaps in great detail. But China became more opaque in 2020. Online censorship got tougher. Few Chinese people are willing to take the risk of speaking to Western news media. Beijing has expelled many American journalists.

This single narrative also means that people who don’t fit in run the risk of being left behind.

Ms. Ye, the volunteer organizer of the Wuhan Group, doesn’t think Wuhan could win a victory over the pandemic. “My whole world has changed and it will probably never go back to what it used to be,” she said.

She is still struggling with depression and the fear of getting out of her apartment. As a pre-pandemic outgoing person, she has only attended one social gathering since lockdown ended in April.

“We were suddenly locked up at home for many days. So many people died. But nobody was held accountable, ”she said. “I would probably feel better if someone could apologize for not doing their job.”

“I can’t forget the pain,” she said. “It’s engraved on my bones and my heart.”

Categories
Health

Do not like your Medicare Benefit Plan? Now’s the time to swap or drop it

Female doctor works with elderly patient in a modern office clinic / hospital

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When it comes to Medicare benefit plans, they don’t have to be as permanent a choice as you might think.

Your 2021 plan, which you have either selected or re-enrolled, can be changed or canceled between January 1st and March 31st. That said, you can swap your benefit plan for another or drop it and return to basic Medicare Hospital (Part A coverage and Part B Outpatient coverage).

The most common reasons beneficiaries make changes are because their doctors aren’t on the plan’s network or drugs aren’t included in their insurance coverage, said Danielle Roberts, co-founder of insurance company Boomer Benefits.

Also from January 1st to March 31st, if you missed your first Medicare registration period and do not qualify for an exemption, you can register during that time. If this is your situation, coverage won’t start until July 1, said Elizabeth Gavino, founder of Lewin & Gavino and independent broker and general agent for Medicare plans.

Of the 63 million or so Medicare beneficiaries, around 25 million are enrolled in a benefit plan that includes Parts A and B, and usually Part D for prescription drugs, as well as extras such as teeth and eyesight.

The current opportunity to change or drop your benefit plan is only a few weeks after Medicare’s annual fall enrollment ended, when a variety of options became available to those looking to change their coverage.

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In contrast, the upcoming window related to the benefit plan has limitations.

For starters, you can only do one switch. This means that the change will generally be locked in 2021 as soon as you switch to another benefit plan or delete it for basic Medicare (unless you meet an exclusion that qualifies you for a specific registration period).

Additionally, you cannot switch from one standalone Part-D prescription medication plan to another in that three month window.

In the fall, if you selected a Part-D plan based on inaccurate or misleading information, anytime during the year you can call 1-800-Medicare to see if your situation allows you to make changes.

In the meantime, deleting a benefit plan in favor of Basic Medicare often means losing drug supplies – which means you have to sign up for a standalone Part-D plan. This is important because if you remain uncovered for 63 days, you face a life penalty for late enrollment that will affect your monthly premiums.

If you switch back to Original Medicare and want to get supplementary insurance (also known as “Medigap”), be aware that you may not be eligible for guaranteed coverage. These guidelines cover all or part of the cost sharing of some aspects of Parts A and B, including deductibles, co-payments and co-insurance. However, they have their own rules for signing up.

“If someone plans to go back to Original Medicare and get a Medigap plan, be aware that they will likely have to answer health questions and go through the underwriting,” said Roberts.

She recommends starting the process by applying for the Medigap plan and getting approval before leaving the benefit plan or signing up for a standalone Part-D plan.

“If you sign up for the Part-D plan, you will be removed from the Medicare Benefits Plan, so it’s important to wait for that part as well,” said Roberts. “We encourage people who need to make changes to do so at the beginning of the legislature.”

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Health

This is what you must know if you wish to change Medicare Benefit Plan

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Yes, Medicare’s annual enrollment period ended on December 7th.

No, all hope is not lost when you find that the benefit plan you have chosen for 2021 does not match.

This is because Medicare has a three-month window at the beginning of each year from January 1 to March 31 when you can swap your benefit plan for another or drop it and return to Medicare (Part A Hospital Insurance and Part B Outpatient Coverage)).

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“The most common reason people change is because they change during the [fall enrollment window] without realizing that one of their doctors is off the network or one of their drugs is not on the prescription, “said Danielle Roberts, co-founder of the insurance company Boomer Benefits.

Also from January 1st to March 31st, if you missed your first Medicare registration period and do not qualify for an exemption, you can register during that time. If this is your situation, coverage won’t start until July 1, said Elizabeth Gavino, founder of Lewin & Gavino and independent broker and general agent for Medicare plans.

Of the 63 million or so Medicare beneficiaries, around 25 million are enrolled in a benefit plan that includes Parts A and B, and usually Part D for prescription drugs, as well as extras such as teeth and eyesight.

The upcoming three-month opportunity to change or drop your benefit plan will come just weeks after Medicare’s annual fall registration ends, when a multitude of options were available for those looking to change their coverage.

In contrast, the upcoming window related to the benefit plan has limitations.

For starters, you can only do one switch. This means that the change will generally be locked in 2021 as soon as you switch to another benefit plan or delete it for basic Medicare (unless you meet an exclusion that qualifies you for a specific registration period).

Additionally, you cannot switch from one standalone Part-D prescription medication plan to another in that three month window.

In the fall, if you selected a Part-D plan based on inaccurate or misleading information, anytime during the year you can call 1-800-Medicare to see if your situation allows you to make changes.

In the meantime, deleting a benefit plan in favor of Basic Medicare often means losing drug coverage – which means you have to sign up for a standalone Part-D plan. This is important because if you remain uncovered for 63 days, you face a life penalty for late enrollment that will affect your monthly premiums.

If you switch back to Original Medicare and want to get supplementary insurance (also known as “Medigap”), be aware that you may not be eligible for guaranteed coverage. These guidelines cover all or part of the cost sharing of some aspects of Parts A and B, including deductibles, co-payments and co-insurance. However, they have their own rules for signing up.

If someone is planning to go back to the original Medicare and get a Medigap plan, they should be aware that they will likely have health questions to answer.

Danielle Roberts

Co-founder of Boomer Benefits

“If someone plans to go back to the original Medicare and get a Medigap plan, they should be aware that they will likely have health questions to answer and go through the underwriting,” said Roberts.

She recommends starting the process by applying for the Medigap plan and getting approval before leaving the benefit plan or signing up for a standalone Part-D plan.

“If you sign up for the Part-D plan, you will be removed from the Medicare Benefits Plan, so it’s important to wait for that part as well,” said Roberts. “We encourage people who need to make changes to do so at the beginning of the legislature.”

Categories
World News

China’s Xi Jinping seeks benefit over Biden with ground-breaking EU funding deal

Chinese negotiators this week surprised their counterparts in the European Union with important market access concessions – after long months of intransigence – that could allow the two parties to reach an agreement on a historic investment deal by the end of the year.

Although EU officials have not yet released the details, a senior EU diplomat said the deal goes beyond anything Beijing has so far offered a foreign partner, both in terms of market access and legal and other guarantees.

EU officials are not naive about the historical timing or political significance of the agreement. It would come shortly after Joe Biden was elected by the Americans in early November, after he pledged to rally allies in Europe and Asia to join forces against the unfair practices of China’s authoritarian capitalist system.

In Brussels, Beijing’s rush to conclude the investment agreement follows the European Commission’s December 2 proposal to President-elect Biden for a “new transatlantic agenda for global change” that seeks nothing less than to bring Europe and the US together USA as a global alliance based on shared values ​​and history.

EU officials I reached out to on Friday said they were torn between the opportunity to get one of the best investment deals with China ever offered and a desire to capitalize on the early days of the Biden administration dramatically improve transatlantic relations. Should the EU make the deal with China, they will likely argue to the Biden team that the concessions they received from Beijing could also apply to future US deals with China.

However, the message from President Xi to President-elect Biden, paraphrasing the 1974 Rolling Stones hit single, is “Time is waiting for no one”.

Xi is unwilling to hit the pause button to give President Biden the time and space to assemble his China team, reach out to allies, and determine his strategy. He will not do this in trade and investment, or in his efforts to address political differences at home. He is moving fast to achieve greater self-sufficiency in the development of key technologies, especially semiconductors. And he will avert any efforts that would hinder his efforts to unite Taiwan with the mainland during his leadership.

It is clear that President Xi sees 2021, the 100th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party, as perhaps the most important year since he came to power in 2013. He sees the next decade as crucial.

Nothing could have made President Xi’s personal ambitions clearer than the Fifth Plenum of the Central China Committee, which concluded on October 29, just five days before the US elections.

“Judging by the outcome of the plenary session, Xi’s political ambition to remain in power for the next 15 years seems increasingly secure,” said Kevin Rudd, former Australian Prime Minister, in a speech he will give as President of the Asia Society Policy Institute must read. Rudd sees the 2020s as the “make-or-break decade for the future of Chinese and American power”.

President Xi Jinping’s rush to finalize the EU investment deal is just one of many elements of his evolving, preventive approach to the United States in general and President-elect Joe Biden in particular, from trade initiatives around the world to Escalating actions against pro-democracy activists in Hong Kong and real or perceived dissidents at home.

President Xi hopes to persuade the Biden government to cooperatively negotiate similar deals with Beijing. Before the deterioration of relations during the Trump administration, it had been a long-awaited Chinese goal to reach a so-called BIT – or bilateral investment treaty – with the United States, similar to what is being negotiated with the EU.

Less generously, Xi boxed in the Biden administration long before his inauguration on Jan. 20, including his closest democratic allies in investment and trade deals in which Washington is not party. On human rights issues – including the arrest of a Bloomberg journalist this week and the detention of newspaper founder Jimmy Lai and other democracy activists in Hong Kong – it signals that today’s China will resist President-elect Biden’s anticipated efforts to highlight human rights issues.

President Xi not only takes advantage of the longstanding commercial attractions of his country’s nearly 1.4 billion consumers. It also benefits from China’s significant achievement in controlling COVID-19. This, in turn, will allow China to be the only major economy in the world to grow around 1.5-2% this year, with double-digit growth next year.

The news from Brussels follows last month’s announcement that 15 member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and regional partners – including China but not the United States – have signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), one of the largest free trade agreements in history. It is the first time that China has come together with US allies South Korea and Japan in such an agreement.

In addition, President Xi has expressed an interest in joining the comprehensive and progressive agreement on the Trans-Pacific Partnership. The deal was negotiated with the United States during the Obama administration, but President Trump withdrew from the talks long before it was successfully concluded in 2018 as one of his first acts as US President.

Despite his determination to revive relations with allies, President-elect Biden has stated that trade deals will not be a priority. There remains an inadequate constituency for them among Republican or Democratic legislators.

As always, it would be wrong to underestimate China’s challenges, and there are many.

Among them are doubts about the Chinese economic model, particularly as President Xi tightened his control over the private sector, including the recent blockade of ANT’s IPO. China’s return to growth this year has been largely state-driven.

There is growing evidence that President Xi’s most ambitious international effort, the Belt and Road Initiative, is getting into trouble. Chinese officials tacitly rule their ambitions – and they are under pressure to postpone or cancel the debts of the country’s poorer partners.

It is also not clear whether national self-sufficiency efforts will fill the remaining technological gaps, particularly in semiconductors. The Trump administration tightened tensions this week, putting China’s largest chipmaker and drone maker on an export blacklist. US companies had to obtain licenses to sell to them.

Whatever problems President Xi may have, he will emerge more strongly than expected from 2020 when the coronavirus broke out in Wuhan late last year. In the inaugural year of President-elect Biden, President Xi’s actions may be the most spectacular.

Frederick Kempe is a best-selling author, award-winning journalist, and President and CEO of the Atlantic Council, one of the United States’ most influential think tanks on global affairs. He worked for the Wall Street Journal for more than 25 years as a foreign correspondent, assistant editor-in-chief and senior editor for the European edition of the newspaper. His latest book – “Berlin 1961: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Most Dangerous Place on Earth” – was a New York Times best seller and has been published in more than a dozen languages. Follow him on Twitter @FredKempe and subscribe here to Inflection Points, his view every Saturday of the top stories and trends of the past week.

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