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With Mass Vaccination Websites Winding Down, It’s All Concerning the ‘Floor Sport’

NEWARK — There were only six tiny vials of coronavirus vaccine in the refrigerator, one Air Force nurse on duty and a trickle of patients on Saturday morning at a federally run mass vaccination site here. A day before its doors shut for good, this once-frenetic operation was oddly quiet.

The post-vaccination waiting room, with 165 socially distanced chairs, was mostly empty. The nurse, Maj. Margaret Dodd, who ordinarily cares for premature babies at Brooke Army Medical Center at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, had already booked her flight home. So had the pharmacist, Heather Struempf, who was headed back to nursing school in Wyoming.

Across the country, one by one, mass vaccination sites are shutting down. The White House acknowledged for the first time on Tuesday that it would not reach President Biden’s goal of getting 70 percent of American adults at least partly vaccinated by July 4. The setback stems from hesitancy in certain groups, slow acceptance by young adults and a swirl of other complex factors.

The Newark site, which closed on Sunday, was the last of 39 federally operated mass vaccination centers that administered millions of shots over five months in 27 states — a major turning point in the effort Mr. Biden described last week as “one of the biggest and most complicated logistical challenges in American history.” Many state-run sites are also closed or soon will be.

The nation’s shift away from high-volume vaccination centers is an acknowledgment of the harder road ahead, as health officials pivot to the “ground game”: a highly targeted push, akin to a get-out-the-vote effort, to persuade the reluctant to get their shots.

Mr. Biden will travel to Raleigh, N.C., on Thursday to spotlight this time-consuming work. It will not be easy — as Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the president’s coronavirus response coordinator, discovered last weekend, when he went door-knocking in Anacostia, a majority-Black neighborhood in Washington, with Mayor Muriel E. Bowser.

In an interview on Tuesday, Dr. Fauci said he and the mayor spent 90 minutes talking to people on their front porches. But even with a celebrity doctor at the door and the prospect of giveaways at the vaccination center in a high school a few blocks away, many remained hesitant. Dr. Fauci said he persuaded six to 10 people to get their shots, though he did encounter some flat refusals.

“We would say, ‘OK, come on, listen: Get out, walk down the street, a couple of blocks away. We have incentives, a $51 gift certificate, you can put yourself in a raffle, you could win a year’s supplies of groceries, you could win a Jeep,’” Dr. Fauci said. “And several of them said, ‘OK, I’m on my way and I’ll go.’”

But in Newark, where more than three-quarters of the population is Black or Latino, the numbers tell the story. In Essex County, N.J., which includes Newark, 70.2 percent of adults have been vaccinated. But Essex also includes wealthy suburbs; in Newark, the figure is 56 percent, Judith M. Persichilli, the state’s health commissioner, said in an interview.

The Newark vaccination site, in a converted athletic facility at the New Jersey Institute of Technology that is ordinarily home to the school’s tennis teams, was set up and run by the Federal Emergency Management Agency in conjunction with the Defense Department and other federal agencies. It opened on March 31; when it was operating at full tilt, its medical staff administered as many as 6,700 shots a day.

By Saturday, the daily tally was down to about 300. The long, corridorlike tents that had once shielded lines of patients from cold weather were empty. Of 18 registration desks, only four were in use, and most of the vaccination cubicles were unoccupied.

Most of the patients, including some teenagers brought by their parents, were there for their second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. Many — like Abdullah Heath, 19, who took a year off after high school and will attend Rutgers University in the fall — said they were hesitant. But Rutgers requires vaccination, so Mr. Heath had little choice.

Updated 

June 23, 2021, 12:01 a.m. ET

“I wanted to wait to see how other people were when they took the shot,” he said.

Alfredo Sahar, 36, a real estate agent originally from Argentina, said he had received his first dose on the spur of the moment, without an appointment, when he tagged along with his wife to the Newark site. The couple showed up for their second doses on Saturday with a young friend, Federico Cuadrado, 19, who was visiting from Argentina and received his first shot.

“Relax this arm,” Major Dodd said as Mr. Cuadrado rolled up his sleeve. But she will not be administering his second shot; with the site now closed, he will have to go elsewhere.

At the height of its vaccination drive, New Jersey had seven mass sites: six run by the state, plus the FEMA site in Newark. Two of the state sites have closed, another will shut down this week, and the last three are expected to do so in mid-July, said Ms. Persichilli, a nurse and former hospital official. She called the FEMA site, which vaccinated 221,130 people in all, “invaluable.”

Mr. Biden has said repeatedly that equity — making sure people of all races and incomes have the same access to care and vaccines — is crucial to his coronavirus response. FEMA determined the locations for its mass vaccination sites using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s “social vulnerability index” to identify communities most in need, Deanne Criswell, the FEMA administrator, said in an interview.

It was a learning experience for the agency, she said, adding that 58 percent of the roughly six million shots administered at the mass vaccination sites were given to people of color.

“We didn’t have a playbook for this type of an operation,” Ms. Criswell said. (The agency now has one that is 44 pages long.)

In New Jersey, traffic at the mass vaccination sites started tapering off about six weeks ago, Ms. Persichilli said. At about that time, the state moved to a “hub and spoke” strategy, creating pop-up sites in churches, barbershops and storefronts surrounding existing vaccination centers that could store and supply the vaccines.

The state also has 2,000 canvassers — 1,200 paid, partly with federal taxpayer dollars, and 800 volunteers — who have knocked on 134,000 doors in areas with low vaccination rates to direct people to nearby clinics. And the Health Department is planning vaccine clinics at a rock music festival, a balloon festival and a rodeo in Atlantic City.

Overall, New Jersey is way ahead of most states: 78 percent of adults have had at least one dose of a vaccine. In four states — Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana and Wyoming — the figure is lower than 50 percent.

“We’re running a marathon, and we’re in the last couple of miles, and we’re exhausted, and they’re going to be the most difficult ones,” Ms. Persichilli said. “But they are also going to be the most satisfying ones.”

Public health officials know that the last mile of any vaccination campaign is indeed the hardest. The eradication of smallpox, considered the greatest public health triumph of the 20th century, came after a highly targeted global campaign that lasted two decades. Polio has still not been eradicated in some countries, Dr. Fauci said, because of vaccine hesitancy, including among women who express unfounded fears of infertility.

“We should have eradicated polio a long time ago,” he said.

The federal effort has been enormous, involving more than 9,000 people from across the government, as well as 30,000 National Guard members supporting Covid-19 vaccination in 58 states and territories, according to Sonya Bernstein, a senior policy adviser for the White House.

With the large vaccination sites winding down, FEMA is also pivoting. The agency still supports more than 2,200 community vaccination centers and mobile vaccination units. Now FEMA is rolling out a new pilot program to offer shots at or near recovery centers that it sets up after hurricanes and other natural disasters. The first of these opened this week in St. Charles Parish, La., which has a large minority population and was devastated by Hurricane Laura last summer. Only 51 percent of the adult population in St. Charles Parish has had at least one shot, according to data from the C.D.C.

In Newark, the mood on Saturday was bittersweet. People like Major Dodd and Ms. Struempf, thrown together in a crisis, were exchanging phone numbers with newfound friends and colleagues as they planned to go their separate ways. After living in hotels for more than two months, they were both eager to depart and wistful about the prospect.

Michael Moriarty, the FEMA official in charge of vaccination operations in the New York-New Jersey region, surveyed the scene: the vacant cubicles and chairs, the boxes of unused latex gloves, the brown paper taped to the floor to cover the tennis courts. It would not take long to undo, he said, adding, “They’ll be playing tennis here at the end of the week.”

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Biden administration says it will not hit Fourth of July objectives

The Biden administration said Tuesday that it is unlikely to meet President Joe Biden’s goal of getting 70% of American adults to receive one or more vaccinations by July 4th.

White House Covid Tsar Jeff Zients said the government has reached its 70 percent target for people 30 and older and is well on its way to achieving it by July 4th for those 27 and older.

“We believe it will take a few more weeks to reach 70% of adults with at least one vaccination, including those aged 18-26,” he said.

Still, Zients insisted that the White House “exceeded our highest expectations” in its vaccination program and achieved a vision for Biden in March of gathering friends and family safely to celebrate the holiday.

Biden set two goals in early May: to have 70% of adults in the United States given at least one vaccination, and to fully vaccinate 160 million American adults by Independence Day.

About 65% of American adults will have had one or more injections by Monday, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A CNBC analysis of the CDC data shows that with the current vaccination schedule, about 67% of adults are at least partially vaccinated by the fourth.

According to CDC data, around 144 million people aged 18 and over are fully vaccinated, on the way to reaching around 151 million if the current pace of daily vaccinations reported remains constant.

United States President Joe Biden speaks during an event in the South Court Auditorium of the White House on June 2, 2021 in Washington, DC.

Alex Wong | Getty Images

When Biden first announced his two goals on May 4th, the US was well on its way to scoring both. However, according to CDC data, the vaccination rate has fallen in the weeks since the seven-day average from 2.2 million vaccinations per day in all age groups to 1.1 million on June 21.

The government has easily met its previous vaccination goals in the first 100 days of the president’s tenure. Biden initially targeted 100 million vaccinations in 100 days, which was criticized as being too easy, and achieved it on day 58. The White House raised the target to 200 million vaccinations, which it surpassed on the 92nd day of the presidency.

Amid the vaccination campaign, nationwide case numbers have dropped to levels not seen since the early days of the pandemic, although the risk of disease remains for the unvaccinated.

Zients said many younger Americans are less eager to get a vaccination and stressed the importance of vaccinations for this age group due to the spread of the Delta variant.

Biden warned on Friday that the highly contagious variant, first identified in India, appears to be “particularly dangerous” for young people.

“The data is clear: if you are not vaccinated, there is a risk that you will become seriously ill, or die, or spread,” Biden said during a White House press conference.

Sixteen states and the District of Columbia have already reached Biden’s goal, led by Vermont, Hawaii and Massachusetts, where more than 80% of adults are at least partially vaccinated.

Other states are lagging behind, 17 of which are below the 60% mark. These include Mississippi, Louisiana, Wyoming, and Alabama, each of which less than 50% of its adult residents hit one or more shots.

“Our work doesn’t stop on July 4th or at 70%,” said Zients, calling Biden’s goals a “goal worth striving for in order to make progress in a short period of time.”

“We want every American in every community to be protected and free from fear of the virus,” Zients said.

– CNBC’s Berkeley Lovelace Jr. contributed to this report.

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Covid’s Delta Variant: What We Know

The super-contagious Delta variant of the coronavirus is now responsible for about one in five Covid-19 cases in the United States, and its prevalence has doubled in the past two weeks, health officials said on Tuesday.

Delta was first identified in India and is one of several “Concerning Variants” named by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization. It quickly spread to India and the UK.

Its appearance in the United States is not surprising. And with vaccinations rising and Covid-19 case numbers falling, it’s unclear how much of a problem Delta will cause here. Still, its rapid surge has raised concerns that it could jeopardize the nation’s progress in fighting the pandemic.

“The Delta variant is currently the greatest threat in the US to our attempt to eliminate Covid-19,” said Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the country’s foremost infectious disease expert, at the briefing. The good news is that the vaccines approved in the USA work against the variant. “We have the tools,” he says. “So let’s use them and crush the outbreak.”

Here you will find answers to some frequently asked questions about the Delta variant.

Delta, formerly known as B.1.617.2, is believed to be the most transmissible variant to date and is spreading more easily than both the original strain of the virus and the alpha variant first identified in the UK. Public health officials said Delta could be 50 percent more contagious than Alpha, although exact estimates of its infectivity vary.

Other evidence suggests that the variant may be able to partially bypass the antibodies produced by the body after a coronavirus infection or vaccination. And the variant can also make certain monoclonal antibody treatments less effective, the CDC notes.

Delta can also cause more serious illnesses. For example, a recent Scottish study found that people infected with the Delta variant were about twice as likely to be hospitalized as people infected with alpha. But uncertainties remain, scientists said.

“The article on serious illnesses is the one question I think that hasn’t really been answered,” said Dr. Michael Osterholm, director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota.

Delta has been reported in 80 countries. It is the most common variant today in India and the UK, where it accounts for more than 90 percent of cases.

Delta was first identified in the United States in March. Although Alpha remains the most widely used variant here, Delta has spread quickly. At the beginning of April, Delta only made 0.1 percent of cases in the United States, according to the CDC. By early May, the variant accounted for 1.3 percent of cases, and by early June that number had risen to 9.5 percent. A few days ago, the estimate was 20.6 percent, said Dr. Fauci at the meeting.

The delta variant is unlikely to pose a huge risk for fully vaccinated people, experts said.

“If you are fully vaccinated I wouldn’t worry about that,” said Dr. Ashish K. Jha, Dean of Brown University School of Public Health.

According to a recent study, the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine protected 88 percent against symptomatic illnesses caused by Delta and was nearly 93 percent effective against the alpha variant. But a single dose of the vaccine was only 33 percent effective against Delta, the study found.

“Fully immunized people should be able to cope with this new phase of the epidemic,” said Dr. Peter Hotez, Dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine. “However, the protection that a single dose offers seems to be poor and if you are not vaccinated at all you naturally consider yourself at high risk.”

Understand India’s Covid Crisis

Delta will likely infect “large numbers” of unvaccinated people, he said.

The pandemic is decreasing in the United States, with cases, hospital admissions and deaths falling. The seven-day case average, around 10,350 per day, is the lowest since March 2020, said Dr. Rochelle Walensky, director of the CDC, at the briefing on Tuesday. “These numbers show the extraordinary progress we’ve made against a formidable opponent,” she said.

So while Delta may represent an increasing percentage of cases, it is not yet clear whether this will increase the total number of cases.

“I don’t think we’re going to see another big, national surge in the United States because we have enough vaccinations to prevent this from happening,” said Dr. Osterholm.

Still, vaccination rates were very uneven and lower in certain states and populations. Delta could fuel outbreaks in the south, where vaccinations are delayed, or in young people who are less likely to be vaccinated than their elders.

“In places where the virus is still very vulnerable, this opens a window for the resumption of cases,” said Justin Lessler, an infectious disease epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins University. “But even in these states, and certainly nationally, we are unlikely to go back to the numbers we saw last winter.”

Still, he said, it could make our way out of the pandemic longer. “The slack continues,” he said.

To be vaccinated. If you’ve already been vaccinated, encourage family, friends, and neighbors to get vaccinated. Vaccination is likely to slow the spread of all variants and reduce the likelihood that new, even more dangerous, variants will emerge.

“I encourage people who have been vaccinated to trust vaccines, but be aware that there will continue to be new varieties of transmission,” said Saskia Popescu, infectious disease epidemiologist at George Mason University. “So it’s really about ensuring local, national and global vaccinations.”

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Fauci declares delta variant ‘best risk’ to the nation’s efforts to get rid of Covid

Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, listens during a press conference in the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room at the White House in Washington, DC on Tuesday, April 13, 2021.

Leigh Vogel | Bloomberg | Getty Images

White House senior medical advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci said Tuesday the highly contagious Delta variant is the “greatest threat” to the nation’s attempt to eradicate Covid-19.

Delta, which was first identified in India, now accounts for about 20% of all new cases in the United States, up from 10% about two weeks ago, Fauci said during a White House press conference on the pandemic.

He said Delta appears to be “following the same pattern” as Alpha, the variant first found in the UK, with infections doubling in the US about every two weeks.

“Similar to the UK, the Delta variant is currently the biggest threat in the US to our attempt to eliminate Covid-19,” he said.

Fauci’s comments come after CDC director Dr. Rochelle Walensky on Friday urged Americans to get vaccinated against Covid and said she expected Delta to become the dominant coronavirus variant in the United States

Studies suggest that it is about 60% more transmissible than alpha, which was more contagious than the original strain that emerged from Wuhan, China, in late 2019

“As worrying as this Delta strain is about its hypertransmittance, our vaccines are working,” Walensky told ABC’s Good Morning America. If you get vaccinated, “you will be protected against this Delta variant,” she added.

In the UK, the Delta variety recently became the dominant variety there, surpassing Alpha, which was first discovered in the country last fall. The Delta variant now accounts for more than 60% of new cases in the UK

Health officials say there are reports that the Delta variant also causes more severe symptoms, but that more research is needed to confirm these conclusions. However, there is evidence that the Delta strain may cause different symptoms than other variants.

Fauci said Tuesday the US had “the tools” to defeat the variant and urged more Americans to get fully vaccinated against Covid and “destroy the outbreak.”

The Biden administration said Tuesday that it is unlikely to meet President Joe Biden’s goal of getting 70% of American adults to receive one or more vaccinations by July 4th.

“In this case, two weeks after the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech, the effectiveness of the vaccines was 88% effective against Delta and 93% effective against Alpha when it comes to symptomatic diseases,” said Fauci, citing a study.

The World Health Organization said Friday that Delta is becoming the predominant variant of the disease worldwide.

On Monday, WHO officials warned that the variant was the fastest and strongest coronavirus strain to date and that it would “pick up” the most vulnerable people, especially in places with low Covid-19 vaccination rates.

It has the potential to be “more deadly because it is more efficient in the way it is transmitted between people, and it will eventually find those at risk who will become seriously ill, hospitalized and possibly die”, Dr. Mike Ryan, executive director of WHO’s Emergency Health Program, said during a news conference.

Delta has now spread to 92 countries, said Maria Van Kerkhove, WHO technical director for Covid, on Monday. She said, “Unfortunately, we still don’t have the vaccines in the right places to protect people’s lives.”

WHO has urged wealthy nations, including the US, to donate cans. The Biden government detailed early Monday where it will be sending 55 million doses of vaccine, most of which will be distributed through COVAX, the WHO-supported immunization program.

“These vaccines are highly effective against serious illness and death. That is what they are intended for and that is what they must be used for,” said Van Kerkhove. “This is what COVAX and WHO and all of our partners have worked to ensure that these vaccines reach the most vulnerable people.”

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C.D.C Research Say Younger Adults Are Much less Prone to Get Vaccinated

Younger Americans are less likely to be vaccinated than older ones, and factors such as income and education can affect vaccination reluctance, according to two new studies from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

By May 22, 57 percent of adults had received at least one dose of vaccine, the authors found in one of the new publications, but the rate fluctuated widely depending on age: of those 65 or older, 80 percent were at least partially vaccinated, compared with 38 Percent of 18 to 29 year olds.

Part of the rate gap was due to the fact that many young adults were not eligible for vaccination until March or April. But uptake has also been slower among younger Americans, and a significant proportion of them remain hesitant.

If vaccination initiation rates remain stable, only 58 percent of 18- to 29-year-olds will be vaccinated by the end of August, compared with 95 percent of 65-year-olds, the researchers found.

Immunization rates have lagged among young men, people who live in rural counties, and people who live in counties where a high proportion of the population is low-income, uninsured, or without access to a computer or the Internet.

In a second study, 24.9 percent of the 18 to 39-year-olds questioned said that they would probably or definitely not get vaccinated. Those who were young, black, low-income, had no health insurance, lived outside of metropolitan areas, or had a lower level of education were less likely to say they had vaccinated or said they were definitely planning to vaccinate.

The studies highlight the hurdles remaining in improving vaccination coverage, two weeks to President Biden’s self-imposed July 4 deadline to get 70 percent of adults at least partially vaccinated. In recent weeks, his government has changed its approach by moving away from mass vaccination centers and adopting more targeted strategies, including setting up mobile or pop-up vaccination clinics and on-site vaccination events in black barbershops.

The US vaccination campaign began on December 14th. Healthcare workers, adults aged 75 and over, and members of other high-risk groups were generally the first to be considered, although vaccination guidelines varied from state to state. By April 19, all adults were eligible for the recordings. Using the vaccination data submitted by the states, a team of CDC researchers analyzed vaccination patterns across demographic groups.

They also calculated the percentage of people in each age group who received their first dose during a given week. This “initiation rate” of the vaccine was highest in adults aged 65 and over, peaking the week of February 7, when 8 percent of adults in this group received their first dose.

Between April 19 and May 22, the proportion of 18 to 29 year olds who received their first dose fell from 3.6 percent to 1.9 percent.

“If the current vaccination rate continues through August, vaccination rates will remain significantly lower in young adults than in older adults,” the researchers wrote.

In the second study, between March 5 and May 2, the researchers interviewed a nationally representative sample of adults, including 2,726 18- to 39-year-olds. Of those who said they probably or definitely would not get the vaccine, 57 percent said they didn’t trust the vaccine, while 56 percent expressed concern about possible side effects and 36 percent said they didn’t need the vaccine.

The study also suggested possible strategies for increasing vaccination coverage. Of those who said they were unsure or likely to get the vaccine, 20 to 40 percent said they would be more likely to get it if they had more information about its safety and effectiveness if it would prevent them from doing so. spreading the virus to family and friends, or when it would allow them to return to normal social activities.

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This is what you need to know

A woman reacts as she receives the Johnson & Johnson vaccine against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as part of a government plan to vaccinate Mexican border residents on the common border with the United States in Tijuana, Mexico, June 17, 2021 .

Jorge Duenes | Reuters

Some countries, like the US and UK, have already signaled that they could introduce Covid-19 booster vaccinations within a year. Now pressure is mounting on governments to mobilize refresher programs – not an easy task given the ongoing uncertainties surrounding the pandemic, vaccines and variants.

However, there are no concrete plans for Covid-19 booster vaccinations. Dr. Peter Marks, director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, said last month it was “just something we need to find out over time.”

As the talk of booster shots increases, so far we know this:

What?

First off, there are question marks as to whether we actually need a third dose of a Covid-19 vaccine as we don’t know how long the immunity is currently lasting.

The US and UK use vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson, with the UK also relying heavily on AstraZeneca-Oxford University vaccine.

There are also unknowns as to whether people should receive a booster vaccine that is identical to the vaccines they originally had. And also whether the vaccinations have to be adapted to variants, similar to the flu vaccine, or whether they can stay as they are.

When?

How?

Experts argue that any booster program requires extensive planning to help health services deal with it. This is especially important as not only are they under pressure from running current vaccination programs, but they also care for the health needs of patients whose procedures and treatments have been delayed due to the coronavirus pandemic.

In the UK, the chairman of the Royal College of General Practitioners, Martin Marshall, told the BBC radio program “Today” that the UK’s National Health Service needs to know what it will do in the fall.

“First of all, we need to know if a booster program is needed … who needs it, such as the more vulnerable and the elderly. We need to know where to get it. ” [the booster shots] and by whom, “he said on Monday.

“Our general practitioners and nurses are very busy, so is it possible for a booster to be carried out by non-clinically trained vaccination staff?” He asked, pleading for a booster vaccination alongside the winter flu vaccination.

On the same radio broadcast, Anthony Harnden, vice-chairman of the Joint Vaccination and Immunization Committee (which advises the UK government on vaccination policy) warned that careful consideration should be given to who a refresher campaign is targeting.

He said priority needs are “data driven” despite recognizing the need for the NHS to plan ahead.

moral

There is a moral argument about whether booster vaccination programs are the right thing to do when many less developed countries are lagging behind on their vaccination programs.

The World Health Organization has urged richer countries to donate vaccines to poorer ones before they consider booster vaccinations. In fact, the jury at the WHO is on whether a booster vaccination is needed at all.

“We don’t have the information needed to make a recommendation on whether or not a booster is needed,” World Health Organization chief scientist Soumya Swaminathan said in a Zoom call on Friday, Bloomberg reported, adding that it was the “science still evolving”. . “

Delta variant

WHO officials also said last week that there were reports that the Delta variant caused more severe symptoms, but that additional research was needed to confirm those conclusions. However, there is evidence that the Delta strain may cause different symptoms than other variants.

So far, the vaccines have proven to be resistant to new variants and remain largely effective in preventing serious Covid-19 for fully vaccinated people. An analysis published by Public Health England last Monday found that two doses of the Pfizer BioNTech or AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccines were highly effective against hospitalizations from the Delta variant.

On Friday, WHO’s Swaminathan said scientists needed more data on the variant, including how it affects the effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines.

“How many become infected and how many of them are hospitalized and seriously ill?” said Swaminathan on Friday. “That is something that we are watching very closely.”

– CNBC’s Berkeley Lovelace Jr. contributed to coverage of this story.

Correction: This article has been updated to reflect that just over 55% of adults in the US are fully vaccinated against Covid-19.

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New Alzheimer’s Drug Might Value the Authorities as A lot as It Spends on NASA

Es wird erwartet, dass Medicare ein neu zugelassenes Medikament zur Behandlung der Alzheimer-Krankheit in Höhe von mehreren Milliarden Dollar kosten wird. Einer Prognose zufolge könnten die Ausgaben für das Medikament für die Patienten von Medicare am Ende höher sein als die Budgets der Umweltschutzbehörde oder der NASA.

Es gibt wenig Beweise dafür, dass das Medikament Aduhelm das Fortschreiten der Demenz verlangsamt, aber die Food and Drug Administration hat es diesen Monat genehmigt. Analysten gehen davon aus, dass Medicare und seine Teilnehmer, die einen Teil ihrer Kosten für verschreibungspflichtige Medikamente zahlen, in einem einzigen Jahr 5,8 bis 29 Milliarden US-Dollar für das Medikament ausgeben werden.

„Es ist unergründlich“, sagte Tricia Neuman, geschäftsführende Direktorin des Programms zur Medicare-Politik der Kaiser Family Foundation. “Das sind verrückte Zahlen.”

Viele andere Medikamente kosten mehr als Aduhelm, das von Biogen hergestellt wird und jährlich 56.000 US-Dollar kosten wird. Der Unterschied besteht darin, dass es Millionen potenzieller Kunden gibt und das Medikament voraussichtlich über Jahre hinweg eingenommen wird.

Die Zulassung des Medikaments stößt bei Gesundheitspolitikern und Pharmaforschern auf Kritik wegen fehlender nachgewiesener Wirksamkeit. Wirksam oder nicht, wenn es allgemein verschrieben wird, könnte es einen überwältigenden Einfluss auf das Budget von Medicare haben, da das öffentliche Programm die überwiegende Mehrheit der fast sechs Millionen Amerikaner mit einer Alzheimer-Diagnose abdeckt.

Es gibt kaum einen Präzedenzfall für einen plötzlichen Ausgabenruck dieser Größenordnung. Selbst am unteren Ende der Prognosen würde Aduhelm zu einem der teuersten Medikamente von Medicare werden.

Am oberen Ende sagen Analysten, dass das neue Medikament die jährlichen Ausgaben von Medicare für Medikamente, die in Krankenhäusern und Arztpraxen geliefert werden, um 50 Prozent erhöhen könnte (wie es Aduhelm, das intravenös verabreicht wird, sein müsste).

Die Vergleiche hier sind ungefähre Angaben: Ein Drittel der Medicare-Mitglieder ist durch private Medicare Advantage-Pläne abgesichert, die keine detaillierten Informationen zu den in Arztpraxen angebotenen Medikamenten enthalten. Um diese Ausgaben zu schätzen, haben wir die Daten zu den Medikamentenausgaben der Medicare-Teilnehmer des traditionellen öffentlichen Programms verwendet und sie erhöht, um den fehlenden Anteil zu berücksichtigen.

Ausgaben in dieser Größenordnung könnten so plötzlich weitreichende Auswirkungen auf Medicare, seine Nutzer und Steuerzahler haben. Die Hinzufügung von 29 Milliarden US-Dollar ein Jahr des Medicare-Haushalts würde durch Erhöhungen sowohl der Ausgaben der Steuerzahler als auch der von allen Medicare-Nutzern gezahlten Prämien gedeckt. Die Prämien könnten auch für Zusatzpläne steigen, die viele Medicare-Leistungsempfänger kaufen, um Kosten auszugleichen, die das Programm nicht direkt bezahlt. Und die Kosten werden wahrscheinlich auf die Staatshaushalte übergreifen, wo Medicaid Prämien für einkommensschwache Medicare-Mitglieder zahlt.

Kongress, Haushaltsexperten und mehrere Weiße Häuser haben Jahre damit verbracht, Wege zur Reduzierung der Ausgaben für Medicare, einen großen und wachsenden Anteil des Bundeshaushalts, vorzuschlagen. Aber viele dieser Vorschläge sind politisch schwer zu erreichen – und die meisten würden weniger als die prognostizierten Kosten von Aduhelm einsparen.

“Es ist so viel Arbeit, Einsparungen zu erzielen, die wirklich viel kleiner sind, als dieses eine Medikament kosten würde”, sagte Joshua Gordon, der Direktor für Gesundheitspolitik beim Ausschuss für einen verantwortungsvollen Bundeshaushalt, der sagt, dass er sich ständig Gedanken über die Herausforderungen gemacht hat von Aduhelm seit seiner Zulassung erhoben.

Die Kostenprognosen variieren, da Analysten nicht sicher sind, wie viele Patienten das neue Medikament letztendlich verwenden werden. Die Zulassung der FDA könnte für jeden gelten, bei dem Alzheimer diagnostiziert wurde – etwa sechs Millionen Menschen. Das Medikament wurde jedoch für eine kleinere Gruppe von rund 1,5 Millionen Patienten entwickelt, die sich im Frühstadium der Krankheit befinden. Analysten sind sich noch nicht sicher, wem Ärzte die Behandlung empfehlen und welche Familien sie ausprobieren möchten. Die FDA hat Biogen gebeten, das Medikament bis 2030 weiter zu untersuchen, aber die Verschreibung könnte weit verbreitet werden, bevor weitere öffentliche Ergebnisse darüber vorliegen, wie gut es wirkt.

Allison Parks, eine Sprecherin von Biogen, sagte in einer E-Mail, dass sich das Unternehmen darauf konzentrieren werde, die Art von Patienten zu erreichen, die in den klinischen Studien des Unternehmens untersucht wurden, „im frühen symptomatischen Stadium der Krankheit“.

Aktualisiert

21. Juni 2021, 20:11 Uhr ET

Die Bandbreite spiegelt eine Vielzahl von angemessenen Expertenschätzungen wider. Die hohe Schätzung, die sich auf ein Kaiser-Papier stützt, geht davon aus, dass etwa ein Viertel der zwei Millionen Medicare-Eingeschriebenen, die derzeit eine Alzheimer-Behandlung erhalten, diese einnehmen werden. Der niedrige Wert basiert auf einer Schätzung der Analysten von Cowen and Company von einem Gesamtumsatz von 7 Milliarden US-Dollar bis 2023.

Es ist schwierig abzuschätzen, wie viele Patienten das Medikament einnehmen werden. Aduhelm ist nicht nur teuer, sondern auch etwas schwer einzunehmen und erfordert monatliche persönliche Besuche in einem Infusionszentrum zur Behandlung. Patienten, die es einnehmen, müssen während ihrer Behandlungen mehrere Gehirnscans durchführen, um nach Nebenwirkungen zu suchen.

Und die Nebenwirkungen selbst – etwa 40 Prozent der Patienten in einer klinischen Studie zeigten Anzeichen einer Hirnschwellung – können einige Patienten davon abhalten, das Medikament auszuprobieren, und andere dazu veranlassen, die Einnahme abzubrechen. (Die vielen Scans – und Behandlungen für schwerwiegendere Nebenwirkungen – würden auch von Medicare abgedeckt.)

Es gibt sechs Millionen Medicare-Angehörige, die keine Zusatzversicherung abschließen, die möglicherweise 20 Prozent der Arzneimittelkosten bezahlen müssen, in diesem Fall 11.200 USD pro Jahr.

Dennoch kann die Nachfrage von Familien groß sein, die angesichts einer verheerenden Diagnose eine Möglichkeit sehen, einzugreifen. Bisher gab es nur wenige Behandlungsmöglichkeiten für Patienten, die hoffen, den kognitiven Rückgang durch die Krankheit zu verhindern.

„Es ist schon an sich schwer, einen geliebten Menschen zu haben, die Uhr ticken zu sehen und zu sagen: Nun, lass uns einfach warten“, sagte Dr. Steven Pearson, Hausarzt und Präsident des Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER). ). „Es ist sehr schwer, den Drang zu ignorieren, etwas zu tun.“

Bidens Haushalt 202222

    • Ein neues Jahr, ein neues Budget: Das Geschäftsjahr 2022 für die Bundesregierung beginnt am 1. Oktober, und Präsident Biden hat bekannt gegeben, was er ab diesem Zeitpunkt ausgeben möchte. Aber jede Ausgabe erfordert die Zustimmung beider Kammern des Kongresses.
    • Ambitionierte Gesamtausgaben: Präsident Biden möchte, dass die Bundesregierung im Fiskaljahr 2022 6 Billionen US-Dollar ausgibt und die Gesamtausgaben bis 2031 auf 8,2 Billionen US-Dollar steigen. Dies würde die Vereinigten Staaten auf den höchsten anhaltenden Stand der Bundesausgaben seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg bringen, während sie laufen Defizite von über 1,3 Billionen US-Dollar in den nächsten zehn Jahren.
    • Infrastrukturplan: Das Budget skizziert das gewünschte erste Jahr der Investition des Präsidenten in seinen American Jobs Plan, der darauf abzielt, Verbesserungen von Straßen, Brücken, öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln und mehr mit insgesamt 2,3 Milliarden US-Dollar über acht Jahre zu finanzieren.
    • Familienplan: Das Budget befasst sich auch mit dem anderen wichtigen Ausgabenvorschlag, den Biden bereits eingeführt hat, seinem American Families Plan, der darauf abzielt, das soziale Sicherheitsnetz der Vereinigten Staaten zu stärken, indem der Zugang zu Bildung erweitert, die Kosten für Kinderbetreuung gesenkt und Frauen in der Arbeitswelt unterstützt werden.
    • Pflichtprogramme: Wie üblich machen obligatorische Ausgaben für Programme wie Social Security, Medicaid und Medicare einen erheblichen Teil des vorgeschlagenen Budgets aus. Sie wachsen, während die Bevölkerung Amerikas altert.
    • Ermessensausgaben: Die Mittel für die einzelnen Budgets der Agenturen und Programme der Exekutive würden im Jahr 2022 rund 1,5 Billionen US-Dollar erreichen, eine Steigerung um 16 Prozent gegenüber dem vorherigen Budget.
    • Wie Biden dafür bezahlen würde: Der Präsident würde seine Agenda weitgehend durch Steuererhöhungen für Unternehmen und Gutverdiener finanzieren, was in den 2030er Jahren beginnen würde, die Haushaltsdefizite zu verringern. Verwaltungsbeamte sagten, Steuererhöhungen würden die Beschäftigungs- und Familienpläne im Laufe von 15 Jahren vollständig ausgleichen, was der Haushaltsantrag unterstützt. In der Zwischenzeit würde das Haushaltsdefizit jedes Jahr über 1,3 Billionen US-Dollar bleiben.

Ärzte, die dieses Medikament verabreichen und für diese Arbeit einen Prozentsatz des hohen Preises des Medikaments von Medicare erhalten, könnten finanzielle Anreize haben, Ja zu sagen, wenn Patienten danach fragen.

“Die Auswirkungen dieses einen Medikaments und der damit verbundenen Verfahren sind enorm”, sagte Rachel Sachs, Rechtsprofessorin an der Washington University in St. Louis und Autorin eines kürzlich in The Atlantic erschienenen Essays, in dem behauptet wird, dass das Medikament “die amerikanische Gesundheit verletzen” könnte Pflege.”

Private Versicherer können Hindernisse für die Behandlung errichten, die von Patienten zusätzliche Tests verlangen oder nachweisen, dass andere Optionen nicht funktioniert haben. Unter normalen Umständen deckt Medicare jedoch Medikamente ab, die von der FDA zugelassen sind. Medicare entscheidet, welche Medikamente abgedeckt werden, basierend darauf, ob sie „angemessen und notwendig“ sind, nicht auf deren Kosten.

Medicare ist verpflichtet, diese Art von Arzneimitteln zunächst zum Listenpreis zuzüglich einer Gebühr von 3 Prozent an den behandelnden Arzt zu zahlen. Und dann, nach etwa einem Jahr auf dem Markt, zahlt es den durchschnittlichen Verkaufspreis plus 6 Prozent. Bei Arzneimitteln mit Konkurrenz kann dieser Durchschnittspreis erheblich unter dem Aufkleberpreis liegen. Aber für ein Medikament wie Aduhelm, das das erste seiner Art ist, darf der Arzneimittelhersteller Ärzten keine Rabatte anbieten.

Medicare, das 61 Millionen Amerikaner ab 65 Jahren abdeckt, hat einige Instrumente, um die Kosten einzudämmen. Es könnte beschließen, das Medikament in einer Weise abzudecken, die eingeschränkter als die FDA-Zulassung ist, eine Abweichung von seiner normalen Praxis.

Oder es könnte etwas noch Ungewöhnlicheres tun: Eine unerwartete Allianz von Befürwortern hat vorgeschlagen, dass Medicare das Medikament einem randomisierten Experiment unterzieht, um zu bewerten, wie gut es wirkt – in einigen Teilen des Landes bezahlen sie für die Abdeckung des Medikaments, in anderen jedoch nicht. Solche politischen Experimente wurden im Rahmen des Affordable Care Act genehmigt, aber noch nie wurde eines verwendet, um die Abdeckung eines Medikaments auf diese Weise einzuschränken.

Andere Länder werden höchstwahrscheinlich die Kosten von Aduhelm kontrollieren, indem sie mit Biogen über einen niedrigeren Preis verhandeln oder einfach den Kauf ablehnen. Die meisten werden die Wirksamkeit des Medikaments berücksichtigen, wenn sie entscheiden, was sie zu zahlen bereit sind. Bisher ist das Medikament nirgendwo sonst auf der Welt zugelassen.

Medicare kann das nicht. Aufgrund der Art und Weise, wie sie nach geltendem Recht für Medikamente bezahlt, hat sie keine Möglichkeit, den Preis herunterzuhandeln. Demokraten unterstützen zunehmend Gesetze, die dies ändern. Das Repräsentantenhaus verabschiedete 2019 ein Gesetz, das Medicare die Befugnis geben würde, einige Preise auszuhandeln, aber es starb im Senat. Im April brachten die Gesetzgeber den gleichen Gesetzentwurf wieder ins Repräsentantenhaus ein.

Präsident Biden unterstützt es, Medicare die Aushandlung von Medikamentenpreisen zu ermöglichen, hat die Richtlinie jedoch nicht in seinen vorgeschlagenen amerikanischen Familienplan aufgenommen.

Dr. Pearson von ICER schätzt, dass, wenn die Wirksamkeit des neuen Medikaments berücksichtigt würde, ein fairer Preis 2.500 bis 8.300 US-Dollar betragen würde.

“Es wird interessant sein zu sehen, ob dies eine Diskussion über faire Preise in den Vereinigten Staaten auslöst”, sagte er. “In den Augen der meisten Leute sieht dies wie ein hervorragendes Beispiel für einen Preis aus, der einfach nicht mit den Beweisen übereinstimmt.”

Methodik: Die geschätzten aktuellen Ausgaben für Medicare-Teil-B-Medikamente wurden vom Centers for Medicare- und Medicaid-Services-Teil-B-Drogenausgaben-Dashboard entnommen und um 54 Prozent angehoben, um Medicare-Leistungsempfänger zu berücksichtigen, die in Medicare Advantage-Plänen eingeschrieben sind. Aufgrund der Demografie, wer an welchem ​​Programm teilnimmt, kann diese Annahme die aktuellen Drogenausgaben überschätzen.)

Die Medikamentenausgaben von Medicare Teil D wurden direkt aus dem CMS Teil D-Drogenausgaben-Dashboard entnommen und stellen möglicherweise eine Überschätzung dar, da diese Zahlen nicht alle an Medikamentenpläne gezahlten Rabatte enthalten.

Die hohe Schätzung der Ausgaben von Aduhelm stammt aus einem Papier der Kaiser Family Foundation. Die niedrige Schätzung wird aus einer Gesamtumsatzschätzung von Cowen and Company abgeleitet und angepasst, um schätzungsweise 80 Prozent der Alzheimer-Patienten zu Beginn ihrer Krankheit zu berücksichtigen, die sich in Medicare eingeschrieben haben – und Medicares anfängliche Zahlung von 3 Prozent an Ärzte für Gemeinkosten und Verwaltung.

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Health

Austrian startup GoStudent turns into Europe’s first edtech unicorn

School children in the Netherlands doing homework at home during the coronavirus crisis.

Robin Utrecht | SOPA Images | LightRocket via Getty Images

LONDON — SoftBank, Tencent and other leading investors are betting that the next big online education company will come out of Europe.

Vienna-based online tutoring start-up GoStudent said Tuesday that it raised 205 million euros ($244 million) in a bumper investment round that values the five-year-old firm at 1.4 billion euros, or about $1.67 billion.

According to CB Insights data, that means GoStudent is Europe’s first education technology — or edtech — unicorn, a start-up with a valuation of at least $1 billion. Though Norwegian rival Kahoot hit a billion-dollar valuation last year, it doesn’t technically count as it has been publicly listed since October 2019.

GoStudent was founded in 2016 by Austrian entrepreneur Felix Ohswald, who was inspired by practical math lessons from his grandfather before he even started school.

“He had this ability to teach you that stuff in a way that was very applicable,” Ohswald told CNBC, referring to his grandfather.

“One of the biggest problems in education is lack of access to great teachers,” he added.

What is GoStudent?

GoStudent is an online service that connects students between the ages of six to 19 with private tutors. The company sells monthly tutoring subscriptions to parents, taking a cut from the tutors’ earnings as commission. GoStudent session prices range from 17.50 euros to 26.90 euros — between $20 to $32 — per month.

Ohswald, who completed his bachelor’s degree in math at the age of 18, said his firm is now selling 400,000 sessions a month, and sales have grown 700% over the last 12 months. GoStudent aims to double the number of monthly sessions on its platform to 800,000 by the end of 2021.

The mindset for online teaching as a whole completely changed.

Felix Ohswald

founder, GoStudent

Edtech companies like Coursera, 2U and Chegg boomed during the coronavirus pandemic as lockdown restrictions pushed 1.5 billion children around the world into remote learning. However, Ohswalt said Covid-19 school closures actually led to a reduction in demand for “supplemental” teaching services like GoStudent.

“On the other hand, the mindset for online teaching as a whole completely changed,” he added. “Suddenly, parents extremely skeptical about online learning before the pandemic now at least give it a chance and try it out.”

GoStudent says it vets all tutors on its website, with Ohswalt describing the application process as “pretty tough.” Just 8% of math tutor applicants succeed in being accepted to run lessons on GoStudent, he said.

But GoStudent was embroiled in controversy earlier this year after it emerged that a 60-year-old who was banned from teaching, because he sold naked pictures of himself to a teenager, was providing lessons on the platform. GoStudent said the teacher gave a fake name and was removed from its service after the company became aware.

Expansion plans

GoStudent’s fresh cash infusion was led by DST Global, an investor in the likes of retail trading app Robinhood and fintech firm Revolut. SoftBank’s Vision Fund 2, Tencent, Dragoneer and existing investors including Coatue also backed the round.

Having raised a total of 291 million euros to date, GoStudent plans to expand beyond Europe — where it has a presence in 15 countries — to other markets like Mexico and Canada by the summer.

Asia is another potential geographic expansion target for the firm, Ohswald said, highlighting the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia as “interesting” opportunities. However, he ruled out an expansion into countries like China and India, which are already home to established e-learning players such as Yuanfudao and Byju’s.

GoStudent said it would ramp up hiring and aimed to nearly double its global workforce from 600 employees to 1,000 by year-end. Part of the funding may also be used for acquisitions, the firm said.

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Health

Many Alzheimer’s Consultants Say Use of Aduhelm Ought to Be Sharply Restricted

Dr. Selloway, a research director on the site for studies of the drug, was not paid for this work but has received research and consulting fees from Biogen. He said doctors should only use the drug on patients whose status matches those in clinical trials.

“There is no evidence that it could be beneficial for any other stage of Alzheimer’s disease,” he said.

Mary Sano, director of the Alzheimer’s Research Center at Mount Sinai in New York City, said the criteria she and other panelists outlined were “very important”, saying that “it will be very restrictive and the ability to use this drug with.” Sharing a wide range of people with others will be significantly limited, at least at this point in time. “

For dementia clinicians, treating people with only mild symptoms would mean that “most of your staff is unlikely to be an option in your current practice,” said Dr. Sano.

In its decision, the FDA admitted that there was not the proof of benefit usually required by the authorities. As a result, it is making it available to Aduhelm under a program called accelerated approval, which spearheads the drug’s ability to lower amyloid levels in the brain. But reducing amyloid is not the same as slowing down symptoms of dementia. Many amyloid-lowering drugs failed to slow the decline in clinical trials, a story that makes some experts particularly suspicious of trusting Aduhelm based on the evidence presented so far.

Also, given the agency’s focus on amyloid in its approval decision and the fact that all participants in the clinical trial were required to have high levels of amyloid, experts were surprised that the FDA label does not mandate patient screening for the protein. Doctors at the Alzheimer’s Association forum all said that high levels of amyloid, typically measured by PET scans or spinal puncture, should be a prerequisite for treatment.

Several of the panelists said that relatively few doctors and clinics, at least initially, would be able to adequately diagnose, screen, and treat patients.

“This is not a simple drug,” said Dr. Paul Aisen, director of the Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research Institute at the University of Southern California and co-author of an article calling on the FDA to approve the drug. “I think identifying the right people to treat and supervise treatment requires knowledge and experience, and there are very few clinicians who have that experience.”

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Health

Moody’s Analytics on Covid outbreaks in Asia, Fed fee hikes in 2023

Asian countries need to tame the current waves of the coronavirus outbreak to prepare their economies for future rate hikes by the US Federal Reserve, an economist said Monday.

Fed officials said last week that rate hikes could happen as early as 2023, diverging from earlier comments in March that said the US Federal Reserve doesn’t expect a hike until at least 2024.

Higher US rates would attract overseas investors, and central banks in other countries may have to raise their own rates in defense. Raising interest rates could help countries prevent too much capital from leaving their economies, but increasing interest rates too quickly increases the risk of an economic slowdown.

“The Asian countries need to get Covid under control so that once the Federal Reserve starts raising interest rates, the economies here have an advantage and can make the transition,” said Steve Cochrane, chief economist for Asia-Pacific at Moody’s Analytics CNBC’s “Squawk Box Asia”.

Cochrane predicted that the US Federal Reserve could hike rates by 25 basis points once per quarter starting in 2023. The so-called dot plot of the expectations of individual Fed members indicated two rate hikes this year.

Asian countries need to get a grip on Covid so that as soon as the Federal Reserve raises interest rates, the economies have an advantage here and can also handle the transition.

Steve Cochrane

Chief Economist APAC, Moody’s Analytics

Many economies in Asia, including Japan, Taiwan and Malaysia, have seen a renewed spike in Covid cases in recent months – which has forced authorities to impose stricter social distancing measures. The new waves of infection come as vaccination progress in the region lags behind that in the US and Europe.

The World Bank said in a report this month that economic output in two-thirds of East Asian and Pacific countries will remain below pre-pandemic levels through 2022. Factors dampening potential economic growth in these countries include widespread Covid outbreaks and a collapse in global tourism, the bank said.

Cochrane noted that Covid outbreaks across the region are “stilling” domestic demand and keeping inflation moderate.

The economist said several Asian countries, including China, South Korea and Singapore, are stepping up Covid vaccinations. “It looks good, but it has to go on,” he said.

But other countries, including Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines, have not effectively controlled the outbreak and do not yet have strong immunization programs, Cochrane added.

– CNBC’s Jeff Cox contributed to this report.