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Tragedy, Covid isolation, and psychological well being

Tony Hsieh, CEO von Zappos.com

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Tony Hsieh schien alles zu haben.

Hsieh startete die in Las Vegas ansässige Schuh-E-Commerce-Plattform Zappos und verkaufte sie 2009 für 1,2 Milliarden US-Dollar an Amazon – die größte Akquisition in der Geschichte von Amazon zu dieser Zeit. Er war ein Unternehmer, der sich durch seinen unkonventionellen Führungsstil auszeichnete, der die Kultur über alles stellte und sich über die Unternehmenshierarchie lustig machte. Im Jahr 2010 veröffentlichte er ein Buch, das seinen eigenen Führungsstil in einem Buch kodifizierte: “Glück bringen: Ein Weg zu Gewinn, Leidenschaft und Zweck”. Er war auch dafür bekannt geworden, 350 Millionen Dollar für die Wiederbelebung der Innenstadt von Las Vegas zu spenden.

In einem First-Person-Tell-All-Artikel, den Hsieh 2010 im Wirtschaftsmagazin Inc schrieb und veröffentlichte, beschreibt Hsieh den Flug nach Seattle, um sich mit Bezos zu treffen, bevor der Deal formalisiert wurde.

“Ich gab ihm meine Standardpräsentation über Zappos, in der es hauptsächlich um unsere Kultur geht. Gegen Ende der Präsentation begann ich über die Wissenschaft des Glücks zu sprechen – und wie wir versuchen, sie zu nutzen, um unseren Kunden und Mitarbeitern besser zu dienen”, so Hsieh schrieb.

Er fuhr fort: “Aus dem Nichts sagte Jeff: ‘Wussten Sie, dass die Leute sehr schlecht vorhersagen können, was sie glücklich machen wird?’ Das waren die genauen Worte auf meiner nächsten Folie. Ich stellte sie auf und sagte: “Ja, aber anscheinend können Sie PowerPoint-Folien sehr gut vorhersagen.”

Der Moment liest sich jetzt wie ein Vorbote der kommenden schweren Zeiten.

Am 18. November starb Hsieh im Alter von 46 Jahren an den Folgen einer Rauchinhalation, nachdem er in einem kleinen Lagerraum hinter einem Strandhaus in New London, Connecticut, aus einem Brand gerettet worden war. Offiziell wurde der Tod von Connecticut als Unfall gewertet Büro des Chefarztes. Berichten zufolge wurde mindestens ein Notarbeiter belauscht, der sagte, er habe sich im Inneren verbarrikadiert.

Die Jahre vor Hsiehs frühem Tod umfassten unersättlichen Alkohol- und Drogenkonsum, extremes “Biohacking”, einschließlich der Frage, wie lange er ohne Essen und Urinieren auskommen konnte, eine Besessenheit mit Feuer und Kerzen und den Kauf von Häusern in Park City, Utah, und das Bezahlen Laut Berichten in Forbes und im Wall Street Journal verdoppeln die Menschen ihr höchstes Traumgehalt, um auf den von Hsieh gekauften Grundstücken zu leben, wenn sie mit ihm zufrieden wären.

Auch ohne genau zu wissen, was in diesem Schuppen in Connecticut passiert war, hatte Hsieh eindeutig Angst. Experten für psychische Gesundheit warnen davor, dass die anhaltende Covid-Pandemie das Gefühl der Isolation und Einsamkeit verstärken kann, und bieten Tipps und Ressourcen, um Hilfe für sich selbst oder Ihre Angehörigen zu suchen.

Bei Einsamkeit geht es nicht nur um Nähe

Die Abwesenheit von Menschen in der Nähe definiert keine Einsamkeit, sagt C. Vaile Wright, Senior Director für Innovation im Gesundheitswesen in der Praxisdirektion der American Psychological Association.

“Einsamkeit ist wirklich das Gefühl, niemanden zu haben, der sich um dich kümmert. Das ist etwas anderes als nur allein zu sein. Menschen können allein sein und sich nicht einsam fühlen”, sagt Wright gegenüber CNBC.

“Viele von uns sind aufgrund von Covid physisch isoliert, aber es ist immer noch von entscheidender Bedeutung, soziale Verbindungen aufrechtzuerhalten, die sinnvoll sind und diesem Gefühl der Einsamkeit entgegenwirken.” Das kann Telefonanrufe, Videoanrufe und Spaziergänge mit Freunden im Freien bedeuten, aber es kann auch bedeuten, Pflegepakete zu senden oder Briefe zu schreiben, sagt Wright.

Wenn ein Freund oder eine geliebte Person isoliert, ist das eine “wirklich kritische rote Fahne”, sagt Wright.

“Das Markenzeichen wäre, wenn jemandes Symptome seine Fähigkeit beeinträchtigen, auf signifikante Weise zu funktionieren”, sagt Wright gegenüber CNBC. “Sie sind nicht in der Lage zu arbeiten, nicht einmal von zu Hause aus zu arbeiten oder zur Schule zu gehen. Sie haben aufgehört, auf sich selbst aufzupassen, was so aussehen kann, als würden sie nicht duschen, nicht essen, nicht schlafen oder sie können sich nicht um ihre Lieben kümmern.”

Inmitten der Coronavirus-Pandemie, in der es zur Norm geworden ist, sich von anderen Menschen fernzuhalten, um sich körperlich gesund zu halten, kann sich die Isolation als eine Person manifestieren, die nicht zu regelmäßig geplanten virtuellen Terminen erscheint und keine Texte gemäß ihrer üblichen Trittfrequenz zurückgibt oder Substanzen missbraucht .

Es ist schwieriger, gefährliche Einsamkeit zu erkennen, wenn alle aufgefordert werden, getrennt zu bleiben, sagt Wright.

“Es wird für uns noch wichtiger, alles zu tun, um Menschen zu erreichen, in der Regel diejenigen, von denen wir wissen, dass sie anfälliger und hartnäckiger sind”, sagt sie gegenüber CNBC. Manchmal erreichen besorgte Freunde und Angehörige nicht, weil sie nicht wissen, wie sie die Situation beheben können, sagt Wright, aber selbst wenn sie nur Bedenken äußern, kann dies eine große Hilfe sein.

“Normalerweise suchen die Leute nur jemanden, der sich um sie kümmert, der hören will, was sie durchmachen, ihre Erfahrungen validiert und dann vielleicht bei der Problemlösung hilft”, sagt Wright. “Aber ich denke wirklich, wir müssen uns nur darum bemühen, offene, nicht wertende Fragen zu stellen, wie es den Menschen geht.”

Laut Wright gibt es folgende gute und einfache Möglichkeiten, um zu sagen, was zu sagen ist, wenn Sie besorgt sind, dass ein Freund oder ein geliebter Mensch in Gefahr ist: “Ich mache mir Sorgen um Sie. Können Sie mir sagen, wie es Ihnen geht?” Oder: “Ich habe bemerkt, dass Sie nicht wissen, wann Sie Texte zurückgeben, und ich frage mich, ob es Ihnen gut geht.” Jemanden, der sich einsam fühlt, für ihn da zu lassen, ist der Schlüssel, sagt sie.

Warum Einsamkeit schlecht für unsere Gesundheit ist

“Wissenschaftler aus verschiedenen Disziplinen argumentieren, dass Menschen unsere soziale Spezies sind, und deshalb mussten wir uns im Laufe der Menschheitsgeschichte auf andere verlassen”, so Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Professorin für Psychologie und Neurowissenschaften an Brigham Young University erzählt CNBC. “Ein Teil einer Gruppe zu sein war mit Sicherheit und Effizienz verbunden. Es ist also sehr bedrohlich, außerhalb einer Gruppe oder allein zu sein.”

Soziale Isolation bedeutet, “alles ganz alleine bewältigen und bewältigen zu müssen”, sagte Hold-Lunstad. “Es wurde argumentiert, dass sich unser Gehirn im Wesentlichen so entwickelt hat, dass es die Nähe zu anderen erwartet. Wenn wir dies nicht tun, wenn uns diese Nähe zu anderen fehlt – und wir anderen besonders vertrauen -, entsteht ein Zustand der Wachsamkeit und Bedrohung Unser Gehirn.”

Wenn sich das Gehirn in einem “erhöhten Alarmzustand” befindet, sendet es auch Signale an den menschlichen Körper, und das “kann Dinge wie erhöhten Blutdruck und Herzfrequenz, zirkulierende Stresshormone und Entzündungen umfassen”, sagt sie. “Diese Informationen wurden wiederum mit einer Reihe chronischer Krankheiten in Verbindung gebracht – sie wurden mit Depressionen in Verbindung gebracht und interessanterweise sogar mit einer höheren Anfälligkeit für Viren.”

Die Forschung von Hold-Lunstad hat gezeigt, dass die Wahrnehmung der Unterstützung ausreicht, um “diese physiologischen Reaktionen zu dämpfen”, die mit dem Gefühl der Isolation verbunden sind. Ihre Laboruntersuchungen zeigen geminderte Reaktionen auf Stress, selbst wenn die Personen, die den Studienteilnehmern ein Gefühl der Unterstützung geben, nicht im Raum sind.

“Die Wahrnehmung der Verfügbarkeit von Support ist also enorm”, sagt Hold-Lunstad. “In einer meiner Studien, in denen wir Daten von über 300.000 Teilnehmern weltweit hatten, stellten wir fest, dass die Wahrnehmung von Unterstützung mit einer um 35% erhöhten Überlebenschance verbunden war.”

Es hilft auch, freundliche Dinge für andere zu tun. Hold-Lunstad hat gerade eine Studie zwischen Juli und September mit etwas mehr als 4.200 Studienteilnehmern zwischen den USA, Großbritannien und Australien abgeschlossen. Es zeigte sich, dass diejenigen, die zufällige freundliche Handlungen für Nachbarn vollzogen, ob sie einen Rasen mähten oder Informationen darüber austauschten, wo sie Backhefe fanden, “in den vier Wochen eine signifikante Verringerung der Einsamkeit zeigten”.

Auch Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene haben Probleme

Laut der Umfrage der American Psychological Associations Stress in America aus dem Jahr 2020 geben 67% der Erwachsenen der Generation Z (im Alter von 18 bis 23 Jahren) an, dass das Coronavirus “eine Planung für ihre Zukunft unmöglich macht”, eine Statistik, die die Psychologin Dr. Mary Alvord für CNBC hervorhob. Und die Hälfte der Teenager der Generation Z (13-17 Jahre) gibt an, dass die Pandemie laut dem Bericht “ihre Pläne für die Zukunft ernsthaft gestört hat”.

Und während das Coronavirus und die daraus resultierenden Veränderungen im Leben eine massive Hürde darstellen, gibt es laut Alvord auch andere Stressfaktoren, darunter “Rassenunruhen, Fehlinformationen, Spaltung der Bevölkerung und der Familien, finanzieller Stress der Familien, Trauer und Verlust nicht nur durch COVID-Todesfälle und Krankheiten, aber auch von Arbeitsplätzen und Unternehmen verloren. ” Es gibt auch die ständige Unsicherheit in Bezug auf die Schule und ob sie persönlich, online oder in einer Kombination aus beiden stattfinden wird, sagt Alvord.

“Übergangsriten werden verpasst”, sagte Alvord. “Sport-, Theater- und Clubaktivitäten werden verpasst oder virtuell abgehalten, aber nicht gleichbedeutend mit persönlichen Aktivitäten.”

“Obwohl sie alt genug sind, um die Nachrichten zu lesen und zu hören, sind sie nicht immer in der Lage, alle Ereignisse und Probleme im Blick zu behalten”, sagte Alvord, der auch Mitautor von “Conquer Negative Thinking for Teens: A Workbook to” ist Brechen Sie die neun Gedankengewohnheiten, die Sie zurückhalten. ” “Wenn Sie” katastrophal “wie” Was ist, wenn dies passiert “und” Was ist, wenn ich nicht x “hören, kann dies bedeuten, dass die Angst überhand nimmt und die Perspektive verringert wird. Fragen Sie den Teenager oder jungen Erwachsenen:” Was sind? ” die realistischen Chancen, dass etwas wirklich Schlimmes passiert: “Können sie damit umgehen?” und “Was würden sie einem Freund sagen, der sich über dieselben Gedanken Sorgen macht?”

Ähnlich wie bei den oben genannten Warnzeichen für Erwachsene sind “plötzliche Änderungen des Verhaltens, des Schlafes, des Essverhaltens oder der Verschiebung oder Abschaltung von Freunden und Familie sowie negative Selbstaussagen” wichtige Warnzeichen, die junge Erwachsene nicht bewältigen, sagt Alvord.

Eltern “können Bewältigung modellieren”, sagt Alvord gegenüber CNBC und gibt Teenagern und jungen Erwachsenen eine Vorlage für den Umgang mit Stress. Sie können dies tun, indem sie angesichts von Stress und ungeplanten Straßensperren ruhig bleiben. Oder: “Wenn sie nicht ruhig sind, können sie etwas sagen wie: ‘Ich bin so frustriert, weil x gerade passiert ist. Aber ich werde ein paar tiefe Atemzüge machen, mich beruhigen und die nächsten Schritte herausfinden. Ich werde darüber nachdenken 3 Dinge, die ich gegen diese Situation tun kann ‘”, sagt Alvord. “‘Ich kann nicht alles kontrollieren, was vor sich geht, aber ich kann diesen Teil davon kontrollieren und ich denke über einen Plan nach, um damit umzugehen.'”

Professionelle Ressourcen

Wenn jemand, den Sie kennen, in verzweifelter Gefahr ist, rufen Sie 911 an und schicken Sie einen Arzt zu sich nach Hause, sagt Wright.

Eine weitere wichtige Ressource ist die National Suicide Prevention Lifeline unter 1-800-273-TALK (8255).

Wenn ein Freund oder eine geliebte Person in Gefahr ist, sich selbst zu verletzen, ist es in Ordnung, direkt zu sein, sagt Elinore F. McCance-Katz, stellvertretende Sekretärin für Gesundheit und menschliche Dienste für psychische Gesundheit und Substanzgebrauch, die Agentur in der Abteilung der Bundesregierung Health and Human Services arbeiten an der Verbesserung der Verhaltensgesundheit, wodurch die Hotline finanziert wird. Sagen Sie ihnen, dass sie die Hotline 24 Stunden am Tag anrufen können, sagt sie.

“Teilen Sie auf unkomplizierte und unterstützende Weise mit, was Sie bemerken, und bieten Sie an, darüber zu sprechen (z. B.” Sie waren in den letzten Wochen sehr traurig “)”, sagt McCance-Katz gegenüber CNBC über einen Abteilungssprecher. “Seien Sie bereit, die direkte Frage sanft zu stellen: ‘Haben Sie darüber nachgedacht, sich selbst zu verletzen?’ Sie werden die Idee nicht in den Kopf Ihres geliebten Menschen stecken, sondern viele sehen dies als einen Weg, die Tür für das Gespräch zu öffnen. Es beseitigt das Stigma, das mit Selbstmordgedanken verbunden ist, und die Schande, die man empfinden kann, wenn sie sie haben . “

Wenn Sie sich Sorgen um einen Freund oder einen geliebten Menschen machen und dringend Hilfe oder Anleitung benötigen, können Sie auch die National Suicide Prevention Lifeline anrufen, sagt McCance-Katz.

Wenn ein geliebter Mensch oder Freund Anzeichen einer Verschlechterung der psychischen Gesundheit zeigt, kann eine professionelle Therapie erforderlich sein. “Die meisten Therapeuten haben sich der Telegesundheit zugewandt, dh Videokonferenzen oder nur dem Telefonieren, und wir wissen, dass beide Methoden genauso effektiv sind wie von Angesicht zu Angesicht [therapy]”, Sagt Wright gegenüber CNBC. Die Suche nach einem Therapeuten kann bei Ihrem Hausarzt oder Ihrer Versicherungsgesellschaft beginnen. Wenn Sie keinen Hausarzt oder keine Versicherung haben, können Sie zunächst Freunde und Familie nach ihren Empfehlungen fragen oder weiter suchen ein Therapeuten-Locator im Internet, wie der von Psychology Today.

Grundsätzlich ist es schwierig, jemandem zu helfen, der mit psychischen Problemen zu kämpfen hat. “Es kann eine Herausforderung sein, wenn Sie der geliebte Mensch oder der Freund sind, weil Sie oft nicht viel unter Ihrer Kontrolle haben, außer zu erreichen, Ressourcen anzubieten, sich selbst als Ressource auszuschalten”, sagt Wright gegenüber CNBC. “Bis zu einem gewissen Grad muss es die Person selbst sein, die sich bemüht. Und das ist wirklich herausfordernd.”

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First Coronavirus Vaccines Head to States, Beginning Historic Effort

“You are still a little hesitant,” he told reporters on Tuesday. “If we don’t go out there first, take the first doses of the vaccine, and show that we believe in and trust him, I don’t think the long-term carers will have the intake they need. ”

In most states, concerted efforts to vaccinate nursing home residents will begin a week later. Beginning December 21, under a contract with the federal government, CVS and Walgreens will deploy pharmacist teams to approximately 75,000 nursing homes and other long-term care facilities in all 50 states to vaccinate as many residents and employees as possible. CVS aims to complete the process over nine to 12 weeks.

On Thursday afternoon, when an FDA advisory committee was debating whether to recommend approval of the Pfizer vaccine, the first packages – vaccination cards, masks, visors, leaflets and syringes – arrived at the UPMC Presbyterian, a hospital in Pittsburgh.

Dr. Graham Snyder, UPMC’s medical director of infection prevention and hospital epidemiology, said a hospital committee had concluded that the immediate goal of the allocation was to prevent community-to-hospital transmission.

“The likelihood of exposure is greater in the community and at home than in the workplace,” he said, noting that health care workers in general have taken great precautions when among patients.

Some hospitals have announced that they will give priority to workers with underlying illnesses that pose a higher risk of developing serious illnesses.

Dr. Marci Drees, the infection prevention officer and hospital epidemiologist at ChristianaCare, a Delaware-based hospital system, said the system would offer its healthcare workers a list of such conditions, but would only ask them to generally state if they had any.

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FDA advisory panel meets at this time to vote on whether or not to advocate approval of Pfizer’s Covid vaccine

[The stream is slated to start at 9 a.m. ET. Please refresh the page if you do not see a player above at that time.]

A panel from the Food and Drug Administration will meet Thursday to vote on whether to recommend Pfizer and BioNTech’s emergency approval of the coronavirus vaccine.

Prior to voting by the Agency’s Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Related Biological Products, the independent panel of medical experts will evaluate the Pfizer clinical trial data and provide their opinion on the vaccine, including whether the benefits outweigh the risks in an emergency .

The FDA is not required to follow the advice of the advisory group, but it often does.

A recommendation from the advisory committee is the final step before the FDA is likely to give final OK to the distribution of the potentially life-saving doses in the United States. The vaccine would be the first to be approved for use in the United States

Read CNBC’s live updates for the latest news on the Covid-19 outbreak.

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Amid Pandemic, Scientists Reassess Routine Medical Care

Now the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium, a federally funded research group, is prospectively collecting data during the pandemic from more than 800,000 women and nearly 100 mammography centers across the country.

Millions of women missed their regular mammograms in the first wave of the pandemic.

Before the pandemic, around 100,000 women had screening mammograms every day in the United States. In the spring, almost all mammography centers closed for three months, and although they reopened in the summer, almost all of them did not work normally until October. That may change as new coronavirus infections rise, but for now women who want mammograms can get them.

Clinics have had to slow the speed at which they perform mammograms due to the precautions taken by Covid-19, including physical removal and cleaning of equipment between exams. But they make up for the delays by keeping longer hours and opening on weekends.

The situation may be different for women with worrying findings, such as a lump or a suspicious finding on a mammogram. The wait for diagnostic imaging and biopsies can be long, stretching for weeks or months, said Dr. Christoph Lee, Professor of Radiology and Health Research at the University of Washington.

Doctors expect many women who missed their mammograms this past spring will not return because they can do the screening test again, some because they fell out of the habit, others because of the social and economic impact of the pandemic. Women may have to stay home to look after children or they may have lost their jobs and health insurance.

The Breast Cancer Consortium should have the first results of the screening shutdown’s impact on patient outcomes in six months, said Dr. Lee.

“We have never been able to argue to stop screening for a period of time as the standard of care is regular screening,” said Dr. Lee. “We’re trying to find out whether less screening leads to more or less harm.”

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Pfizer’s Covid vaccine permitted by FDA for emergency use

The Food and Drug Administration has approved Pfizer and BioNTech’s coronavirus vaccine for emergency use. This is a monumental turning point in the one-time pandemic that killed nearly 300,000 Americans and devastated the US economy in less than a year.

FDA chief scientist Denise Hinton told Pfizer in a letter Friday that she approved the company’s emergency use of the vaccine.

President Donald Trump called it a “medical miracle” in a video tweet. “We delivered a safe and effective vaccine in just 9 months,” Trump said. “This is one of the greatest scientific achievements in history.”

Dr. Peter Marks, director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, said the decision “promises to change the course of this pandemic in the United States.” “With the science guiding our decision-making, the available safety and efficacy data to support the approval of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine because the known and potential benefits of the vaccine significantly outweigh the known and potential risks,” he said.

FDA approval for the emergency will now boost the federal government’s distribution of the potentially life-saving doses to 64 states, territories and major cities across the country. The government plans to distribute 2.9 million doses of the vaccine within 24 hours, followed by another 2.9 million doses 21 days later, for patients to receive their second shot, General Gustave Perna, who runs the logistics for the Operation Warp vaccination program Speed ​​monitored by President Donald Trump said Wednesday. Pfizer’s vaccine requires two doses three weeks apart.

The vaccine couldn’t come at a more crucial time. Hospitals in the U.S. already have higher numbers of Covid patients than ever before, and the country’s outbreak is poised to break even grimmer records. According to a CNBC analysis of the Johns Hopkins University data, the US reported 3,124 new Covid-19 deaths on Wednesday, the pandemic’s deadliest one-day record to date. The director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dr. Robert Redfield, warned earlier this month that the next few months of the pandemic would be “some of the most difficult in the history of this country’s public health.”

Initial doses of the Pfizer vaccine will be limited as production begins. Officials predict it will be months before everyone in the US who wants to be vaccinated is vaccinated. Pfizer has announced that it will ship 50 million doses of vaccine this year, enough to vaccinate 25 million people. The vaccine is expected to be distributed in phases where the most critical U.S. workers and vulnerable people receive it first. The CDC has given states an outline recommending that priority be given to health workers and nursing homes first. However, states may distribute the vaccine at their own discretion.

An emergency permit, or EEA, is not the same as a full permit, which can typically take months. Pfizer has only submitted safety data for two months, but it typically takes the agency six months for full approval. The vaccine has been approved for people aged 16 and over.

On Friday, FDA Commissioner Stephen Hahn said the agency was “working fast” to clear the vaccine in case of emergency. Shortly after Hahn testified, Trump, who has repeatedly said he had urged the FDA to move faster in the vaccine development process, told the agency in a tweet: “Get the dam vaccines out NOW.”

The FDA’s announcement comes after a key agency advisory body voted 17 to 4, with one abstention, to recommend the vaccine for emergency approval on Thursday. The Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Related Biological Products plays a key role in approving influenza and other vaccines in the United States and verifying that the vaccines are safe for public use. While the FDA does not need to follow the advisory board’s recommendation, it often does.

FDA approval marks a record breaking time frame for a process that typically takes about a decade. The fastest vaccine development to date against mumps took more than four years and was licensed in 1967. Pfizer and BioNTech announced plans to develop a coronavirus vaccine in March and filed an emergency clearance application with the FDA in November. Health authorities in Canada, the UK and Bahrain have approved Pfizer’s vaccine for most adults.

Pfizer’s vaccine uses messenger RNA or mRNA technology. It’s a new approach to vaccines that uses genetic material to trigger an immune response. Moderna, another front runner in the Covid vaccine race, also uses mRNA technology. Late-stage clinical trial data shows Pfizer’s vaccine is 95% effective against Covid, safe, and appears to ward off serious illness. For maximum effectiveness, the vaccine requires two doses about 21 days apart.

Pfizer’s vaccine requires a storage temperature of minus 94 degrees Fahrenheit, which poses potential logistical challenges for rural areas and inner cities that may not have good health infrastructure. For comparison: According to Moderna, the vaccine can be stored for up to six months at minus 4 degrees Fahrenheit.

FedEx and United Parcel Service on Thursday expressed confidence in their networks to distribute the vaccines across the country in a Senate hearing and outlined plans to monitor the location and temperatures of the shipments.

The Federal Aviation Administration asked the airports late Friday to ensure that they have adequate staff when the vaccines arrive. In a statement hours before the vaccine was approved, the FAA said airports should consider providing areas for trucks for vaccines to be picked up on arrival. The agency has announced that flights with cans and related supplies will be given priority.

U.S. officials plan to continue to monitor for side effects of the Pfizer vaccine among the health care workers and nursing homes who receive it, said Dr. Nancy Messonnier, director of the CDC’s National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, during the agency’s meeting on Thursday. The officers will use an SMS system called v-safe, which is designed to provide early warning of possible side effects of the vaccine.

During the meeting, FDA vaccine reviewer Dr. Susan Wollersheim found that the study data showed a “numerical imbalance” in Bell’s palsy, a condition that causes temporary weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face. She said there were four cases in the vaccine group and none in the placebo group. Although the frequency of the cases was inconsistent with the general population, the FDA recommended further monitoring once the vaccine becomes more widely distributed.

Read the full letter from the FDA below:

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Trump Administration Handed on Probability to Safe Extra of Pfizer Vaccine

michael barbaro

Hey, it’s Michael. We know that 2020 has been a difficult year. But it’s also been a year of small victories, personal milestones, and moments of joy. If something good happened to you, we want to hear about it. So write us an email or better yet, send us a voice memo to thedaily@nytimes.com— that’s thedaily@nytimes.com— and tell us your story of good news this year, large or small. And thank you. From The New York Times, I’m Michael Barbaro. This is The Daily.

[music]

Today: From the start of the pandemic, the Trump administration said it was committed to ordering and stockpiling enough vaccine to end the pandemic as quickly as possible. But new reporting from The Times raises questions about whether it has actually done that. I spoke with my colleague, Sharon LaFraniere.

It’s Thursday, December 10.

So Sharon, tell me about this tip that you got.

sharon lafraniere

So it was on Saturday. I think I was playing bridge on my phone with the robots, which is how we spend Saturday nights now, right?

michael barbaro

Right.

sharon lafraniere

And I got a call from another New York Times reporter, mutual friend of ours, saying, I have heard this about Pfizer. You need to call this guy. Here’s his name. Here’s his number. Tell him you know me. And so I called the guy, and basically the tip was that the administration had muffed a chance to buy more of Pfizer’s vaccine, and now it couldn’t get it until, like, the middle of next year.

michael barbaro

Hm, that’s a very big tip.

sharon lafraniere

It’s a big tip because Pfizer’s vaccine has been shown to be 95 percent effective, and it’s the first one out of the gate, right? The Brits are already inoculating people with it. The Americans want it. And if we somehow missed out a chance to get twice as many doses as we had locked in, that would be a big deal.

michael barbaro

And I wonder what you thought when you heard this tip. I mean, it’s one of those things you hear, you’re sort of like, wait, could that be right?

sharon lafraniere

My reaction was, if this is right, it’s a big story.

michael barbaro

Mhm. And so what did you do?

sharon lafraniere

So I called my editors and my colleagues and said, we need to chase this as hard as we can. And so all Sunday we were calling everybody, and we’re getting like, sorry, can’t help you on this. Or, I never heard about this. Or, try some other people. And then finally on Monday afternoon, early Monday afternoon, we’re able to confirm it, that in fact Pfizer had tried to get the US government to lock in a hundred million extra doses but the government had turned them down.

[music]michael barbaro

So Sharon, what did you find out was the thinking behind this decision— which feels like a real head-scratcher on paper— not buying extra doses of a very effective vaccine from Pfizer?

sharon lafraniere

So to answer that, we really have to go back to the start of the administration’s whole crash program to develop vaccines, all the way back to March when it starts this initiative called Operation Warp Speed and comes up with a strategy to develop vaccines in record-breaking time.

michael barbaro

Right.

sharon lafraniere

So the initial strategy was that the government would pick three different technologies. And each technology would be pursued by a pair of companies, so six companies all together— six horses. They actually called them horses. And the idea of having a pair of companies is if one company fails, then you’ve still got one company standing to go after that technology. But nobody had any idea which of those vaccine technologies would work. So the government’s strategy was, we’ll back all six, and we’re going to pay this money even before we know whether the vaccines work or not.

But Pfizer was alone among the group in saying, we don’t want your money. And there’s really three reasons for that. So the C.E.O., Albert Bourla, told us, number one, it doesn’t need the money. Number two, it doesn’t want the government oversight. I mean, he actually felt that having government oversight over the vaccine project would not speed them up but it would slow them down. And number three, he was fearful about getting involved in the whole political drama that was starting to unfold with the White House pressuring the health agencies to act in one way or another. He just wanted to stay out of the political fray. And he thought if he takes the money, the money will come with strings attached, and he doesn’t want to be dragged into this.

michael barbaro

Got it. So what exactly is the arrangement with Pfizer? Because it sounds very different from the other five. What’s the eventual terms of it?

sharon lafraniere

So the contract called for Pfizer to deliver a hundred million doses to the U.S. government at a cost of $19.50 per dose by the end of the first quarter of 2021, but the U.S. government didn’t pay any money up front. In other words, only if this vaccine clears all the hurdles, gets approved by the F.D.A., and Pfizer’s able to manufacture it— only in that case will the US government have to actually pay the bill.

michael barbaro

Hm. So in some ways, this arrangement with Pfizer is better for the U.S. government than its arrangement with the five other companies. Doesn’t have to put any money down, and it seems like Pfizer is assuming most, if not all, of the risk.

sharon lafraniere

Exactly.

michael barbaro

This is a very good deal if you’re the United States government.

sharon lafraniere

Right. You get to lock in a hundred million doses, and you don’t have to pay up front.

michael barbaro

And so the U.S. takes that deal.

sharon lafraniere

Right.

michael barbaro

And when exactly was this?

sharon lafraniere

So the contract is signed in late July. But even at that time, we’re told, Pfizer is asking Operation Warp Speed officials, don’t you want more? Like, don’t you want to lock in an extra 100 million doses or 200 million doses? Because you don’t have to pay for them unless it works. And the answer was, no, we’re hedging our bets. We’ve got six candidates here. We’re not playing favorites among any of them. And Pfizer’s saying basically, yeah, but with us, it’s a free bet. But the government is saying, no, we’re sticking with our strategy. They don’t want to bet too heavily on any one of the six, even if the bet is free.

michael barbaro

And Sharon, as the U.S. government is turning down this offer from Pfizer, what does it actually know about Pfizer’s vaccine and how effective it may actually be?

sharon lafraniere

Well, remember this is July, and at this point, the government really doesn’t know very much, if anything, about which of these vaccines is going to work. But as time went on, it looks like suddenly that Pfizer is going to be the first over the finish line. But the problem is, a lot of other countries were also getting interested in Pfizer’s vaccine. They have a vaccine that is attracting so much attention that their executives are getting messages over LinkedIn from other countries, like, we want some. Can we lock this in?

And in early October, the U.S. government also gets interested in some extra doses and talks resume. But it’s no longer the same situation, because while the U.S. was hesitating, other countries were moving in. So in October, they don’t actually come to any agreement on a second contract because the U.S. is like, we need it sooner than it sounds like you’re delivering it. Or, you’re not promising us that we’re going to get it in time. Anyway, the talks are inconclusive. And then comes the big day of November 8.

archived recording

This is CNN breaking news. Pharmaceutical giant Pfizer reportedly making an enormous breakthrough with its Covid-19 vaccine, announcing today—

sharon lafraniere

Pfizer gets the interim results of its clinical trials.

archived recording

Pharmaceutical giant Pfizer just announced moments ago that its coronavirus vaccine is 95 percent effective. 95 percent effective— 95 percent effective, and they say with no serious side effects.

sharon lafraniere

And they are amazing.

archived recording

Pfizer’s C.E.O. is calling it, quote, “the greatest medical advancement in the last 100 years.” We will speak with—

michael barbaro

I remember that, Sharon. The results were stunning. And it suggested that this vaccine was going to be a blockbuster. But the U.S. still hasn’t ordered extra doses at this point?

sharon lafraniere

Right. And according to Scott Gottlieb, who is a member of Pfizer’s board and the former commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration, Pfizer was still offering— after the results came out— more doses, but the U.S. did not seal a deal then.

michael barbaro

Hm. So the Trump administration, the U.S. government, having missed this first chance back in July to lock in this deal for extra doses of this vaccine at no cost, is then told in October, and it sounds like even in November, we can’t offer you the exact same timeline. I mean, because months have gone by here. We’ve gotten other orders. And so as a result, despite how promising this vaccine turns out to be, the U.S. still decides not to order more. I just want to be clear.

sharon lafraniere

That seems to be the situation, yes. And then on November 11, which is basically two days after Pfizer has announced these amazing results, it announces that it has a deal to sell 200 million doses to the European Union. That was a contract that had been in negotiation for weeks and weeks. Nonetheless, the European Union has locked in 200 million doses, and the U.S. has locked in a hundred million doses.

michael barbaro

So it very much looks like the European Union got 200 million doses of the vaccine that could have gone to the United States if the United States had wanted them.

sharon lafraniere

Yes, that’s what it looks like.

michael barbaro

Sharon, do we know who exactly in the U.S. government made this decision repeatedly not to buy these vaccines?

sharon lafraniere

We’re not sure. We know that Pfizer was dealing with the guy who is the scientific leader of Operation Warp Speed. His name is Dr. Moncef Slaoui. But whether Dr. Slaoui was the one who was the final decision-maker or it was Alex Azar, the Health and Human Services secretary, or whether the White House was involved or not, we really don’t know now.

michael barbaro

So Sharon, if you could summarize it, what are the consequences of how the U.S. has approached these offers from Pfizer?

sharon lafraniere

So the consequence is that the U.S. might have to wait longer for as much supply of the Pfizer vaccine as it wants and needs. Because the state of play is that Pfizer is right on the brink of getting emergency approval from the Food and Drug Administration. It’s going to be the first vaccine to get that in the U.S. And the US government has locked in a commitment for a hundred million doses, enough to cover 50 million people, and it wants more. But it looks very unlikely that it can get it as soon as it wants it.

michael barbaro

So how much time have we lost here when it comes to the Pfizer vaccine orders that we never placed?

sharon lafraniere

So what we’re being told is that the U.S. government has now asked Pfizer for a hundred million doses, and they want them starting in March. But Pfizer is saying, sorry, we cannot guarantee you these doses until June. So if that’s how it all plays out, the way it’s looking now, then we would have lost three months.

michael barbaro

Three months. Three months of not having tens of millions of doses that the U.S. could have had.

sharon lafraniere

If it works out that way, that would be three months in which the U.S. is waiting for a Pfizer vaccine because it didn’t lock in more doses earlier.

[music]michael barbaro

We’ll be right back.

Sharon, having made this decision, which in retrospect feels like a pretty strange and bad decision, what does the United States now do to correct for this? Could we just beg Pfizer to make extra doses for us?

sharon lafraniere

No, because it’s not that Pfizer is not willing to make more doses for Americans. It’s making every dose that it can possibly make right now. It doesn’t have empty factories somewhere where it can go in and just flip on the lights and suddenly there’s lots more doses. It has legal commitments to other countries to provide supply. And those countries want it too. It’s not a matter of begging Pfizer to make more. If they had more to give the Americans, they would give it to them. Pfizer has a very big motivation to put the U.S. first, because Pfizer, number one, it’s an American company.

michael barbaro

Right.

sharon lafraniere

Number two, most of its customers are in the U.S. They do not want to be in this situation where their customers think, what, you’re making deals to save the lives of Europeans and you’re leaving Americans here waiting for lifesaving vaccines? They don’t want a consumer backlash.

michael barbaro

Could the U.S.— and here I’m just kind of exhausting American curiosity. Could the U.S. kind of forcefully take vaccine from Pfizer if it wanted to be extremely nationalistic and say, nobody gets doses outside the U.S. before we get doses?

sharon lafraniere

I mean, that seems highly unlikely that the U.S. government is going to move into Pfizer’s factories and rip up all its contracts and commandeer its doses. President Trump signed an executive order this week saying that Americans would get vaccine supplies first, but it seems pretty meaningless. It’s hard to imagine what the government could do to force Pfizer to redirect vaccine that it’s committed to other countries to Americans. I mean, some people have speculated, maybe could Pfizer team up with another pharmaceutical company like Merck? And then could there be some kind of partnership there that would allow it to increase production? But it cannot itself, now, just turn on a dime and create more production.

michael barbaro

OK, so with no great options for securing more doses from Pfizer right away, what can the U.S. do instead? How do we make up for those missing doses? I have to imagine the answer lies with these other companies that the U.S. has invested in.

sharon lafraniere

Exactly. Moderna is right behind Pfizer with a very similar vaccine that is proven to be equally effective. It’s likely to win emergency approval from the F.D.A. maybe a week after Pfizer does later this month. It too has committed to provide the U.S. with a hundred million doses. Like Pfizer, it has to deliver those doses by the end of the first quarter of next year. It’s easier to store than Pfizer’s, and it might be easier to ship. It’s a much smaller company than Pfizer, right? It spent 10 years without bringing a product successfully to market, but it’s done extremely well with this vaccine. So there’s the Moderna option.

michael barbaro

So if I’m keeping count correctly, 50 million Americans would be inoculated through Pfizer’s vaccine.

sharon lafraniere

Right.

michael barbaro

50 million Americans would be inoculated through Moderna’s vaccine. That still leaves a lot of Americans. So what about these other companies?

sharon lafraniere

So of the other four companies, two of them are sort of off the table right now because they haven’t even started their phase 3 clinical trials. Another one, AstraZeneca, which has developed its vaccine with University of Oxford researchers, is about halfway enrolled in its clinical trial here. And there are some questions about its data, its transparency. It’s had somewhat rocky relations with the F.D.A. And its early results have shown basically that for the full two-dose regime, it was shown to be about 62 percent effective. So you have to ask yourself, are Americans going to want to take a vaccine that’s 62 percent effective when they have two vaccines out there that are 95 percent effective?

michael barbaro

Right. And I think we all know the answer to that is probably no, not really. So it’s really kind of “Moderna and Pfizer or bust” for the moment.

sharon lafraniere

Well, there’s also Johnson & Johnson, and it expects to have clinical trial results early next year. But we don’t know if that vaccine worked or not. If it works, that gives us a third. But at the moment, the U.S. government has got, as you said, commitments for 200 million doses, which will cover a hundred million Americans. And the question is, what is going to happen at the end of March? Are we going to fall off some kind of vaccine cliff here? Or, is there going to be an interval in which people are not being vaccinated? Or, are there going to be enough doses to fill in the gap?

michael barbaro

Mhm. So what happens if we reach and go over a vaccine cliff?

sharon lafraniere

So the worst case scenario is that there is an interval in which Americans are waiting and that there’s some sort of break in the inoculation program. But we don’t know that’s true. We don’t know for sure that that’s going to happen. Moderna could fill in some of the gap. And at the moment, all we can say is that it kind of raises the anxiety level that we have two successful vaccines, and so far, we have not locked in enough doses to cover more than a hundred million Americans.

michael barbaro

Right. So no matter how you slice it, the chances of us going over a vaccine cliff, of suddenly having some period of some unknown duration where Americans are not being inoculated, which is not what we want, the chances of that are higher— correct me if I’m wrong— because the United States did not order more of these doses from Pfizer. Is that right?

sharon lafraniere

I think that’s right. The administration says that is not going to happen. We’re not going over this cliff. That there’s going to be enough vaccine for everybody, that there are more supplies coming in, that there are negotiations going all the time. That they feel confident that they are going to have enough vaccine doses for every single American who wants it by spring or the middle of next year.

michael barbaro

Mhm. But the government can’t assure that.

sharon lafraniere

Not yet.

michael barbaro

Sharon, it feels like the consequence of what the U.S. government, of what the Trump administration has done here, is time. You said that the decision-making here may have delayed this acquisition of vaccines by something like three months. Time is a very precious resource in this pandemic. Time is how we measure the number of people who get exposed to this virus, who get infected by it, who get killed by it. And so every single day matters. And so three months, 90 days, that really matters, right? It means more people are likely to get this virus and potentially to die from it.

sharon lafraniere

I mean, I really, really hope that’s not so. Well, the whole story is such a roller coaster, right? We get these amazing results from Pfizer and Moderna, and everybody is just ecstatic. And then we learn, whoa, we don’t have enough. And are we going to get enough? And everybody would feel much more comfortable if we had all these doses in the bank.

michael barbaro

Mhm. I mean, what makes this feel especially confounding is that vaccines have been the U.S. government’s approach to this pandemic, right? I mean, the Trump administration has not issued national lockdowns. It has not issued a national mask mandate. What it has said is that what will get us out of this pandemic is a vaccine. We are going all in on vaccines. It’s pretty much our only solution to the pandemic. So to have not done everything conceivably possible to get as many doses of the vaccine as we could, knowing that this is our solution, just becomes extremely hard to understand or explain.

sharon lafraniere

So in hindsight, some administration officials will say privately they wish that they had locked in more doses earlier. That this has exposed a kind of flaw in their strategy. And that now they’re scrambling to figure out how can they compensate for it. And that is weighing heavily on them.

michael barbaro

Sharon, thank you very much. We appreciate it.

sharon lafraniere

Thank you, Michael.

[music]michael barbaro

On Wednesday afternoon, Canada became the latest country to approve Pfizer’s vaccine, meaning that its citizens may start to receive it beginning next week. A few hours later, The Times reported that the United States had passed a grim new milestone on Wednesday— 3,000 deaths from the coronavirus in a single day. We’ll be right back.

[music]

Here’s what else you need to know today:

archived recording

No company should have this much unchecked power over our personal information and our social interactions.

michael barbaro

In a lawsuit filed on Wednesday, the Federal Trade Commission and attorneys general from 48 states called for breaking up Facebook.

archived recording

And that’s why we are taking action today and standing up for the millions of consumers and many small businesses that have been harmed by Facebook’s illegal behavior.

michael barbaro

The lawsuit accused the company of purchasing its rivals, including Instagram and WhatsApp, in order to eliminate potential competition and in the process, acting as an unlawful monopoly. In response, Facebook said that it would vigorously defend itself during what is expected to be a long and expensive legal battle.

[music]

That’s it for The Daily. I’m Michael Barbaro. See you tomorrow.

Categories
Health

Black well being leaders attempt to construct belief within the Covid vaccine amongst African People

A researcher works at a laboratory operated by Moderna Inc that said in an undated still image from a video on November 16, 2020 that his experimental vaccine was 94.5% effective in preventing COVID-19, based on interim data from one late clinical trial.

Modern | via Reuters

Dr. Lou Edje participated in the Moderna vaccine study in her healthcare system in Cincinnati, Ohio after three of her relatives died from the coronavirus earlier this year. This led her to do more to instill trust in her community and get vaccinated.

“I felt like I might be able to make a believable impact on the patients I care for every day who look just like me,” said Edje, Black and Associate Dean for Medical Education at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine.

Although she wasn’t told if she received the actual vaccine during the trial, she had a slight swelling in her arm after the booster shot – which leads her to believe she did. This helps when patients ask what to expect.

“Some of the side effects were a little more robust the second time around, so I’m trying to tell them exactly what I went through,” she explained.

It can take months before the public are vaccinated with new vaccines once they are approved. The Food and Drug Administration is expected to quickly clear Pfizer’s vaccine for emergency use after an advisory panel overwhelmingly approved the shots on Thursday. Starting doses have been set for frontline health workers and the elderly in long-term care facilities such as nursing homes.

Still, African-American health professionals and community health groups across the country have already started reaching out in black communities hard hit by the coronavirus. According to a poll by Pew Research last month, seven out of ten African Americans know someone who was hospitalized or died of Covid. However, there is great skepticism about vaccines. Only 42% of blacks surveyed say they have been vaccinated, compared with more than 60% of Americans as a whole.

“They want to know, and have real reasons to trust. They want to know that the trial will be fair, that they are not guinea pigs for a system that is turned against them,” explained Dr. Reed Tuckson, co-founder of the Black Coalition Against Covid and former Washington, DC Commissioner for Health

The speed at which the Covid vaccine was being developed was one of the issues that many Americans have concerns about being in the first wave to get the shot. But for African Americans, the skepticism is also based in part on history. As part of the infamous Tuskegee study of syphilis, African American men were treated with placebo drugs instead of antibiotics, which they could cure, so officials could follow the disease over the years.

The Coalition on Covid has brought together major African American medical groups, including the National Medical Association and the National Black Nurses Association, as well as heads of four historically black medical schools, including Howard University and Morehouse College, to advocate for African American patients.

In the clinical arena, they have urged federal and local government officials to prioritize access for color communities where the prevalence of pre-existing conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes has increased people’s vulnerability to the virus.

“We shouldn’t let the proliferation of a life-saving vaccine worsen health inequalities. In fact, it should help narrow them down,” said Tuckson.

In terms of reach, they’ve held a number of informative town halls online with government leaders including Dr. Anthony Fauci, the country’s foremost infectious disease expert, to address specific concerns among African Americans.

They also work with community health groups, local churches, and stakeholders who can reach out to the grassroots personally from a place of trust.

“Fifty percent of one neighborhood must have the vaccine to burn out the virus in the other 50 percent,” explained Edje. “We really need to ensure that every neighborhood has some immunity so that we can make a global impact.”

The fact that it will take time for the public to gain access to the vaccine could prove to be a silver lining. Health officials say it will show people how the first wave of those who get the shot react, which can help fight skepticism and fear.

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Health

Australia Scraps Covid-19 Vaccine That Produced H.I.V. False Positives

Australia on Friday canceled a roughly $ 750 million plan for a major contract for a locally developed coronavirus vaccine after vaccination resulted in false positive test results for HIV in some volunteers participating in an experimental study.

Of the dozen of coronavirus vaccines tested worldwide, the Australian one was the first to be abandoned. While the developers said the experimental vaccine was safe and effective, the false positives risked confidence in efforts to vaccinate the public.

Prime Minister Scott Morrison said Friday that his government would partially offset the loss of 51 million doses it planned to buy from the Australian consortium by increasing orders for vaccines from AstraZeneca and Novavax. The government has announced that it will start vaccinating citizens in March.

“We can’t have problems with trust,” he told reporters, “and now as a nation with a good portfolio of vaccines we are able to make those choices to best protect the Australian people.”

The Australian setback highlighted the missteps that can inevitably occur when scientists shorten the usual year-long process of vaccine development to a few months during a pandemic that killed more than 1.5 million people.

But just as the Australian scientists made their announcement, the fruits of this breed became clearer. The United States got one step closer to getting its first approval for a Covid-19 vaccine when a panel of experts advising the Food and Drug Administration endorsed a Pfizer vaccine that is already in use in the UK.

The problem with the Australian vaccine, developed by the University of Queensland and biotech company CSL, was related to the use of two fragments of a protein found in HIV

The protein was part of a molecular “clamp” that researchers placed on the spikes surrounding the coronavirus and allowed it to penetrate healthy cells. The bracket stabilizes the spikes and allows the immune system to respond more effectively to the vaccine.

Using the HIV protein did not pose a risk of infecting the volunteers with this virus, the researchers said. However, the clamp produced the production of antibodies that were detected by HIV testing at higher levels than scientists expected.

Because HIV tests couldn’t be quickly revised to take this into account, the researchers decided to stop developing the vaccine. The act could have created widespread fears among Australians that the vaccine could cause AIDS.

Early experiments on hamsters showed that the vaccine protected them from the coronavirus. When Phase 1 human trials began in July, the 216 volunteers were “fully informed about the possibility of a partial immune response” to the clamp, the University of Queensland and CSL said in a statement Friday.

Updated

Apr 11, 2020 at 1:26 am ET

The mistake, said John P. Moore, an immunologist at Weill Cornell Medical College in New York, was an “honest mistake” that cost money, not human life.

“I’m sure a lot of people are very embarrassed,” said Professor Moore. “It’s not great to be associated with a bug like this. But when you run at 90 mph, you sometimes trip. “

The coronavirus outbreak>

Things to know about testing

Confused by Coronavirus Testing Conditions? Let us help:

    • antibody: A protein produced by the immune system that can recognize and attach to certain types of viruses, bacteria or other invaders.
    • Antibody test / serology test: A test that detects antibodies specific to the coronavirus. About a week after the coronavirus infects the body, antibodies start appearing in the blood. Because antibodies take so long to develop, an antibody test cannot reliably diagnose an ongoing infection. However, it can identify people who have been exposed to the coronavirus in the past.
    • Antigen test: This test detects parts of coronavirus proteins called antigens. Antigen tests are quick and only take five minutes. However, they are less accurate than tests that detect genetic material from the virus.
    • Coronavirus: Any virus that belongs to the Orthocoronavirinae virus family. The coronavirus that causes Covid-19 is known as SARS-CoV-2.
    • Covid19: The disease caused by the new coronavirus. The name stands for Coronavirus Disease 2019.
    • Isolation and quarantine: Isolation is separating people who know they have a contagious disease from those who are not sick. Quarantine refers to restricting the movement of people who have been exposed to a virus.
    • Nasopharyngeal smear: A long, flexible stick with a soft swab that is inserted deep into the nose to collect samples from the space where the nasal cavity meets the throat. Samples for coronavirus tests can also be obtained with swabs that do not go as deep into the nose – sometimes called nasal swabs – or with mouth or throat swabs.
    • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): Scientists use PCR to make millions of copies of genetic material in a sample. With the help of PCR tests, researchers can detect the coronavirus even when it is scarce.
    • Viral load: The amount of virus in a person’s body. In people infected with the coronavirus, viral loads can peak before symptoms, if any.

The University of Queensland’s vaccine was one of several vaccines under development that contain a coronavirus protein that triggers an immune system response. Protein-based vaccines have a longer track record than some of the newer approaches used by competing coronavirus vaccines, such as those based on viral genes or called adenoviruses.

Prominent protein-based vaccines include one from Novavax of Maryland, which is in Phase 3 trials, and another from Clover Biopharmaceuticals of China, which is in Phase 1.

In the case of the Australian vaccine, it was found to produce a strong immune response and, according to the scientists in the phase 1 study, did not cause any serious side effects. However, proceeding with the vaccine study would have required “significant changes” in longstanding HIV testing procedures, they said.

“This would delay development for another 12 months, and while this is a difficult decision, the urgent need for a vaccine must be everyone’s priority,” Paul Young, a virologist at the university who directed the vaccine effort, said in the Explanation. He did not immediately respond to a request for comment on Friday afternoon.

Australian Health Secretary Greg Hunt told reporters the country still has access to 140 million units of coronavirus vaccines – more than enough to feed its population of approximately 25 million people.

“This is the scientific process that works,” said Hunt. “It’s the planning process that works. It’s an honest explanation for some of the challenges we’ve faced. “

Carl Zimmer contributed to the reporting.

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Health

WHO holds press convention on the coronavirus outbreak

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World Health Organization officials hold a press conference on Friday to inform the public about the coronavirus outbreak that has infected more than 69.7 million people around the world as governments around the world begin rolling out the first vaccines.

The briefing comes as U.S. regulators say approval of Pfizer’s Covid-19 vaccine is imminent. On Thursday evening, an advisory group to the Food and Drug Administration overwhelmingly approved the emergency approval of the Pfizer vaccine for use in anyone over the age of 15. The UK, Canada and Bahrain have already approved the vaccine for most adults.

It couldn’t be more urgent. More Americans are now dying from the disease than at any other time in the pandemic. The country reported more than 224,400 new cases of the virus on Thursday and more than 2,700 people in the country died of Covid-19, according to Johns Hopkins University.

WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus last week expressed concern about the “growing awareness that the pandemic is over”.

Tedros said the positive news about vaccine development “gets us all going,” but the public must continue to adhere to public health guidelines.

Read CNBC’s live updates for the latest news on the Covid-19 outbreak.

Categories
Health

It’s Not Simply You: Selecting a Well being Insurance coverage Plan Is Actually Exhausting

“People want advice, they want leadership,” said Lang. “And it’s pretty hard.”

The people who are most likely to make bad decisions seem to be the least likely to be able to afford them. A recent study in the Netherlands, which offers insurance to everyone through an Obamacare-like market, found that only 5 percent of Dutch customers did a better job choosing an ideal plan than choosing a plan randomly. And the people in that top 5 percent usually had college degrees and jobs in technical fields. People with lower education and incomes, who tend to be in poorer health, are very likely to opt for a plan that costs them more to cover their health care – a situation where they may save on the drugs or procedures they need.

But well-trained Dutch specialists also had problems. People who worked in the insurance industry with an advanced degree made good choices about 30 percent of the time. And only about 40 percent of trained statisticians – the best performing group – chose good plans for their needs.

In the United States, a working paper found that many professionals who help people choose health insurance are also poor at choosing plans and far worse than a computer algorithm.

“These people who are supposed to get the market going can’t do that at all,” said Jonathan Kolstad, associate professor of economics at the University of California at Berkeley, who co-authored both studies. Professor Kolstad said the work made him rethink why we value the health insurance markets so highly when they are so difficult to use.

Choosing a plan is difficult, but a few simple guidelines can help a little. It is helpful to know if a particular plan covers the doctors and hospitals you use, for example. And if you’re willing to take more financial risks, you may prefer a plan with a higher deductible and lower premiums. As you evaluate more predictable expenses, a lower deductible plan may work better. However, actual health needs and insurance fine print vary so widely that these guides can mislead you. The literature shows that it is not uncommon for people to choose a plan during the year that costs them $ 1,000 more than the best plan.

Most plan selection research deals with the financial design of the plan. Researchers can look at the options, see what health services people end up using, and see the total cost of various decisions. This approach leaves out some other elements of health plans, such as the choice of doctors or whether the company provides good customer service. The study of brokers found that people whose plan selection was aided by the computer program were less likely to switch plans over the next year than people who followed the broker’s advice unaided, a sign that they were more satisfied with the overall package .

But what is the alternative to choosing? Amanda Starc, a professor of management at Northwestern University, said there was evidence that people really wanted things other than health insurance. About a third of those 65 and over are currently enrolled on Medicare Advantage private plans. That proportion is large enough to indicate that many would just be less satisfied with their choice of state Medicare.