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Monitoring the Climate on the Fringe of the World

It all started with a single sentence in a blog post about Iceland: “A farmer is looking for support in a weather station and a sheep farm.”

It was 2012 and after studying photography in the German industrial city of Dortmund, I was ready for a change. I had long planned to visit Iceland and when I read about the remote farm it all came together. I answered the mail, got the job, sold most of my stuff, and booked my flight.

Marsibil Erlendsdottir, the farmer and weather watcher, picked me up at the small airport in Egilsstadir near the easternmost edge of Iceland.

The drive to the weather station took almost two hours – through snow-covered mountain passes, along waterfalls, past reindeer and empty summer houses. As we neared our destination, the road became narrow and rough. Finally we reached the end of a remote fjord where a small yellow lighthouse appeared in the distance.

“Welcome to the end of the world,” said Mrs. Erlendsdottir with a laugh.

The Icelandic Meteorological Office operates 71 manned weather stations across the country, 57 of which report precipitation, snow depth and land cover once a day. Ms. Erlendsdottir, who passes Billa, supervises one of the 14 stations, which also report on cloud cover, weather conditions and other meteorological phenomena.

Regardless of the weather, Billa checks the readings from the weather instruments at her station every three hours, day and night, and forwards them – temperatures, air pressure, wind conditions and others – to the office in Reykjavik.

Their reports are published online and broadcast on the radio along with those from the rest of the country. For farmers who rely on the forecasts, the information provided by Billa can help guide their daily work. For fishermen on the high seas, the information can mean the difference between life and death.

There has been a weather station in this area since 1938, always operated by real people. (Given the harsh conditions in the region, automation wouldn’t be possible, says Billa.)

The region is incredibly remote. In the coldest months of the year, the farm can only be reached by boat and can be cut off from the outside world for days during storms.

Billa grew up on the weather station with her brother and five sisters. She married one of the local fishermen and had a family of her own that raised two children – one of whom, her son, was born on a boat on the way to the hospital.

Billa’s husband died in recent years, leaving her to run the weather station and the farm on her own. Billa could have easily left the place, but she decided to stay.

“It never gets boring here,” she said.

I worked with Billa for 10 months at the beginning. Growing up on a farm in Poland, I found much of the job familiar: looking after the sheep, training Border Collies, repairing fences, collecting hay.

Billa doesn’t enjoy the limelight. It took over a year before she felt comfortable enough for me to take her portrait.

In the meantime, I began to document her life and work to the rhythm of her days – and the weather reports.

Like Billa, I like to spend time off the grid and keep coming back to the farm where there is no cell phone reception. In total, I spent about two and a half years there.

The area becomes inaccessible, especially in the winter months when daylight lasts only a few hours and the constantly rotating beam from the lighthouse cuts through the darkness.

For months the farm is covered in snow and the sounds are muffled – with the exception of the sounds of the surrounding sea. In winter the waves get wilder and wilder, the wind stronger and stronger and the weather conditions less predictable.

But even in the toughest snowstorm, Billa leaves her house to look after the animals and check the protection of the instruments.

Each season has its own chores. In spring, when the sheep give birth, the animals must be monitored 24 hours a day. In summer the hay has to be collected for the winter months. And in autumn the sheep are carried down from the mountains.

In addition to all the work on the farm, Billa also maintains the lighthouse, which was built in 1908. Your pantry must always be full, as the nearest supermarket is 80 km away.

In winter it takes an hour by boat to get to the nearest shops. A mail boat arrives every two weeks, but only if weather conditions permit.

The circumstances here are immensely demanding, but living in harmony with nature gives Billa a feeling of inner peace. She cannot sit still and spends as much time outside as possible.

A few years ago, Billa’s daughter Adalheidur, who passed Heida, finished her studies in Reykjavik and moved back to the farm to accompany and help her mother.

“If I ever moved away, my mother would definitely stay here alone,” said Heida.

“Here,” she added, “she feels free.”

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Birx says somebody was giving Trump ‘parallel knowledge’ about Covid pandemic

Deborah Birx, Coronavirus Response Coordinator for the White House Coronavirus Task Force, speaks after a White House Coronavirus Task Force briefing at the Department of Health and Human Services in Washington, DC on June 26, 2020.

Joshua Roberts | Getty Images

Dr. Deborah Birx, Trump’s White House coronavirus response coordinator, said in a CBS interview published Sunday that former President Donald Trump was reviewing “parallel” coronavirus pandemic records from someone within the administration.

“I’ve seen the President show off graphics that I’ve never done,” Birx told Margaret Brennan on CBS News’ Face The Nation. “Someone inside created a parallel set of data and graphs that were shown to the President.”

Birx, who announced her resignation as President Joe Biden last week, said she did not know the identity of the person who gave other information to the president. She added that there were Covid-19 deniers within the Trump administration.

“There were people who definitely thought this was a joke,” she said. “I think the information was confusing at first. I think because we weren’t talking about the spectrum of the disease, everyone interpreted what they knew.”

According to the Johns Hopkins University, more than 25 million people have been infected and at least 417,000 people have died in the United States since the pandemic began.

Birx said she had always considered resigning from the White House’s coronavirus task force and was censored by the Trump administration, but denied ever withholding information about the virus.

“When you have a pandemic where you rely on every American to change their behavior, communication is absolutely vital,” she said. “Every time a political leader made a statement that didn’t meet public health needs, our response got derailed. That’s why I took to the streets because I wasn’t censored along the way.”

Birx also said she was increasingly concerned about the Trump administration’s pandemic strategy, particularly right before the presidential election. At the start of the pandemic, Birx had approved of the government’s response, but later frustrated Trump when she emphasized the severity of the pandemic.

“My colleagues, whom I had known for decades – decades – in that one experience because I was in the White House, decided that I had become that political person even though they had known me forever,” said Birx. “I had to ask myself every morning, ‘Is there something I think I can do to respond to this pandemic?’ And that’s what I asked myself every evening. “

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Make a Finger Lure From Newspaper

If you’re unfamiliar with a finger trap, it’s traditionally a tube woven from bamboo that “catches” the fingers of an unsuspecting person who puts it inside. While the origins of the finger trap are controversial, a person’s simplicity and joy never grows old.

Weaving newspaper strips in a circular shape creates this classic gag puzzle. The basic over-under pattern is the same as that used to weave a basket or placemat, but you will be weaving in the round.

Create this simple practical joke will test your skill and maybe add a few giggles to your weekend. For an added challenge, you can find different colors in the paper that you want to weave with.

Step 1

Start with two pages of newspaper and fold each page in half along the horizontal fold. The finger trap weaving is much easier when one of the leaves is solid color and the other is mostly text.

step 2

Using a ruler, measure and cut a 1.5 cm wide strip from each side. Make sure the strips are evenly wide along their entire length.

step 3

Cut both strips you just made in half at the fold. You should now have four strips, two mostly newsprint and two solid colors. In the future these will be your “text” and “color strips”.

Step 4

Make two “v” shapes with the strips of text on the left and the strips of color on the right, and glue the ends together to make a neat point with the edges. The colored stripe should be on top of one “v” and the text stripe should be on the other. Set aside to dry.

Step 5

Use the leftover newspaper from one of the sides to roll a small tube. The tube needs to be slightly smaller than your index finger for the finger trap to work. Tape each end and seam in place to secure the pipe.

Step 6

Paper clip one of the “v” points up on the end of the tube, then do the same with the second “v” on the opposite side.

Step 7

To make the finger trap, weave your four strips together in a circular pattern. Start by crossing the colored strip on one side over the text strip.

Step 8

Turn the tube slightly clockwise and wrap the text strip on the right under the color strip on the left and over the lower color strip. Continue working the over-under pattern around the pipe, making sure that the strips lie flat against the pipe and are tightened.

Step 9

If you do it right, it will create a diamond pattern with no space between the strips. Keep twisting the pipe and weaving it around. Continue the over-under pattern until you reach the bottom of the stripes.

Step 10

Tape the ends together where they meet in the same V shape as the top and let them dry. The ends should be woven as tightly as the barrel of the finger trap, otherwise it won’t work.

Step 11

Remove the paper clips and carefully pull out the tube. Cut off the excess paper at the bottom of the finger trap and leave a “v” on each end.

Step 12

To use the finger trap, place your index fingers as far as possible on each side of the tube and gently pull them apart (or better yet, have an unsuspecting friend or family member do it). If the trap isn’t working, it could be because the strips are not tight enough or the ends are looser than the barrel of the trap. Try again For an added challenge, you can find different colors in the paper that you want to weave with.

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Biden to limit journey with South Africa, U.Okay., Brazil to sluggish new Covid strains

On January 22, 2021, U.S. President Joe Biden signs Executive Orders for economic relief for families and businesses affected by Covid in the State Dining Room of the White House in Washington, DC.

Nicholas Comb | AFP | Getty Images

President Joe Biden will sign a travel ban on Monday for most non-U.S. Citizens entering the country that was recently in South Africa, where a new strain of Covid-19 was identified, a person familiar with the situation told CNBC .

Biden will also reintroduce travel restrictions on entry for non-US residents from the UK and Brazil, where new strains of Covid have emerged. The restrictions also apply to Ireland and much of Europe. Former President Donald Trump lifted the restrictions shortly before Biden took office.

Reuters reported on the travel restrictions for the first time on Sunday.

Dr. Anne Schuchat, assistant chief director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, told the point of sale that the agency “is introducing this series of measures to protect Americans and also reduce the risk of these variants spreading and worsening the current pandemic.” . “

Before Biden took office, the new White House press secretary Jen Psaki criticized Trump’s efforts to lift international travel restrictions despite more contagious variants emerging around the world.

“We plan to step up public health measures related to international travel to further contain the spread of Covid-19,” Psaki wrote in a tweet.

Trump issued a proclamation last Monday to lift the travel restrictions his administration had put in place at the start of the pandemic for most non-US citizens living in much of Europe, the UK and Brazil as of January 26.

At that time, the US government will begin providing US air travelers, including US citizens, with the latest negative Covid-19 test results before boarding flights.

White House Health Advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci said that available vaccines against new, more contagious strains of Covid-19 appear to be less effective but likely still offer enough protection to be worth buying.

The CDC also announced on Sunday that it would remove the option for airlines flying from countries that do not have Covid-19 tests to request temporary exemptions for some travelers. The agency will implement the order on Tuesday.

The virus has infected more than 25 million people and killed at least 417,000 people in the United States since the pandemic began, according to Johns Hopkins University.

The US has not yet discovered any cases of the South African variant, but several states have discovered the British variant.

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Fauci on What Working for Trump Was Actually Like

When did you first realize that something had gone wrong between you and President Trump?

This coincided very much with the rapid escalation of cases in the northeast of the country, particularly in the New York metropolitan area. I would try to express the gravity of the situation and the president’s answer always tended to be, “Well, it’s not that bad, is it?” And I’d say, “Yeah, it’s that bad.” It was almost a reflex response trying to persuade you to minimize it. Not saying, “I want you to minimize it,” but, “Oh, really, was it that bad?”

And the other thing that really worried me was that it was clear he was getting input from people who called him. I don’t know who, folks he knew in business and said, “Hey, I’ve heard about this drug, isn’t it great? “or,” Boy, this convalescent plasma is really phenomenal. “And I would try to calmly explain that you can find out if something works by doing an appropriate clinical trial and when you get the information, give it a peer review And he’d say, “Oh, no, no, no, no, no, no, this stuff really works.”

He would take her opinion just as seriously – based on no data, just anecdotes – that something could be really important. It wasn’t just hydroxychloroquine, it was a variety of alternative medicine-type approaches. It was always: “A man called me, a friend of mine from blah, blah, blah.” Then my fear escalated.

Did you have any problems with him during the first three years of his presidency?

No, he hardly knew who I was. The first time I met him was in September 2019 when they asked me to come to the White House, bring my white coat, and stand there when he signed an ordinance on something about influenza. From January, February 2020, there was intense participation that went to the White House very, very often.

There was a point last February when things changed. Alex Azar headed the Coronavirus Task Force at the White House and then suddenly Mike Pence was and President Trump stood on the podium, taking questions and discussing with reporters. What happened?

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Biden surgeon common choose says U.S. racing to adapt towards new Covid strains

Vivek Murthy, named U.S. Surgeon General by President-elect Joe Biden, speaks as Biden announces his team tasked with fighting the Covid-19 pandemic at The Queen in Wilmington, Delaware on December 8, 2020.

Jim Watson | AFP | Getty Images

WASHINGTON – President Joe Biden’s surgeon general said Sunday that the United States is in a race to adapt against the mutant coronavirus, which has spawned a number of potentially more infectious variants of Covid-19.

“The virus is basically telling us that it will keep changing and we need to be prepared for it,” said Dr. Vivek Murthy during an interview with ABC News’ This Week.

“We need to be number one, do much better genome monitoring so we can identify variants when they arise, and that means we need to double up on public health measures like masking and avoiding indoor gatherings,” Murthy said Biden’s candidate for the nation’s next surgeon general, he added.

He also called for an emphasis on treatment strategies as well as further investment in testing and contract tracking methods.

“So the bottom line is we’re in a race against these variants, the virus is going to change and it’s up to us to adapt and make sure we stay ahead,” said Murthy.

On Friday, UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson said the new variant, known as B.1.1.7, was linked to higher mortality rates. When asked, Murthy said the US needs more data on the UK variant before making the same decision.

Dr. Anthony Fauci, Biden’s top medical advisor on Covid-19, told CBS New “Face the Nation” on Sunday that the US “has every reason to believe” that the UK government is claiming the variant is more deadly.

“We must now assume that what was predominantly floating around the UK has some increase in what is known as virulence, especially the virus’ ability to do more harm, including death,” Fauci said, adding that the US will do so I want to keep access to UK health records.

Preliminary analysis of the mutant strain, first identified in the UK, suggests that it could be the culprit for the UK’s top in some cases. Johnson previously said the new variant could also be up to 70% more transferable. The UK government has also confirmed that another infectious variant of the coronavirus identified in South Africa has emerged in the UK.

Continue reading: 5 things to know about the spread of the new strain of Covid in the UK

Last month, Colorado announced the first case of the new and potentially more infectious strain, Covid-19. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warned last week that the British variant, already circulating in at least 10 states, could become the dominant variant in the US by March.

Fauci warned Sunday that the Covid-19 vaccines currently on the market may not be as effective against new strains of the coronavirus identified in the UK, South Africa and Brazil.

“We’re going to look at this and monitor it very, very carefully as these things move on,” said Fauci, adding that the Biden government was already planning to modify the vaccines.

“We don’t have to do this now, but the best way to prevent these mutants from developing further is to vaccinate as many people as possible with the vaccines currently available,” he said.

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Neglect ‘Dry January’ and Different New 12 months’s Resolutions

“The world is on fire,” said Asia Wong, clinical social worker and director of counseling and health services at Loyola University in New Orleans. “Why are you trying to lose 20 pounds?”

Last year Rebecca Fletcher, a teacher in Wirral, England, said she went without alcohol for the whole month of January.

After indulging in Prosecco over the holidays, she decided to repeat that success.

Ms. Fletcher, 49, said she gave up after two weeks.

“I’m sorry, dry January. It just doesn’t work, ”she said on Twitter, posting a photo of a glass of Pinot Grigio. “It’s not you. Since I am.”

Ms. Fletcher said her attempt to sober up for a month was thwarted by the surge in Covid-19 cases, which led the government to order a full lockdown and created confusion in schools, where teachers and students are constant were unsure when to return to the classroom. And political instability in the United States didn’t help, she said.

“It just feels like anywhere, it’s stressful,” Ms. Fletcher said. “Not to mention it’s England, of course, and it rained hard for three days.”

You shouldn’t be too hard on yourself, say the experts.

Sarah Wakeman, an addiction medicine specialist at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, said the all-or-nothing approach to substance discontinuation could make people feel ashamed or disappointed.

“This is an unprecedented time,” she said. “We all have to allow ourselves a little grace.”

And while a promise to stay sober for a month can be a great way for a person to assess why they are drinking and what they like or dislike about drinking, there are downsides to cutting off alcohol completely for a set period of time .

This approach “might make some people drink heavier once they start drinking again,” said Dr. Wakeman. “For example, someone may feel reassured that they have been able to stop drinking and have less to watch out for the rest of the year.”

Nathian Shae Rodriguez, a professor of journalism and media studies at San Diego State University, made two promises to himself in December: say “no” more often and answer emails faster.

“I’m a first-generation Mexican-American professor, a queer-of-color professor, and that in and of itself involves a lot of invisible work that people don’t recognize,” he said.

Students seek him for advice and faculty members often ask him to speak at lectures on gay and immigrant rights or ask him to join committees, Professor Rodriguez said.

The vows he made for 2021 felt like a simple and necessary time gift to himself.

“I was on the swing for the first few days,” said Professor Rodriguez, 39. He politely declined various requests to sit on committees and write letters of recommendation from students he did not know well.

Then came January 6th and the siege of the Capitol. The students were scared and confused and searched for him on social media wherever he was active. Professor Rodriguez said gay students from conservative families particularly felt unrelated.

“They needed confirmation that everything would be fine,” he said. Saying no felt impossible.

An effective way to come up with a solution is to remember that you have 11 months left to meet your goals, said Ms. Wong, the social worker.

“This is a good time to take stock,” she said. “This is a good time to think and say, ‘If I could change things, what would I change?'”

Then she added, “Commit to this as a year-round plan.”

Humans are hardwired to deal with stress through escape and reward, said Judy Grisel, a professor of psychology at Bucknell University and a behavioral neuroscientist.

Ideally, this escape should be through movement, such as running or walking.

But often, especially in January in the northern hemisphere, when the days are still short and warmer regions are cold and bleak, fleeing means having a drink, sitting in front of the TV or taking a smartphone and mindlessly scrolling through social media.

People believe that if they just have to exercise, they can break out of bad habits, she said.

Movement, she said, “is an untapped resource.”

Dr. Grisel described a friend who quit smoking by running around the block every time he craved a cigarette. It’s harder to take this advice when it’s freezing outside, she admitted.

“I think that’s part of the January problem,” said Dr. Grisel. “It’s so dark and cold that we don’t want to move. This is a very difficult time, probably the most difficult time to change. “

So the movement we choose can be very small: play a guitar or call a friend, she said.

“My favorite thing to do is pick up trash,” said Dr. Grisel. “I just grabbed a plastic bag and went to the side of the road to pick up trash. It helps that I move and can see the change on the street. “

And we have good news. The days for this half of the world are getting longer, the sun sets later, and a geologist has found a rock formation that looks like Cookie Monster. Things are looking up.

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Voters extra optimistic about Covid, blame feds for vaccine rollout: NBC ballot

USC School of Pharmacy Assistant Professor Richard Dang (R) gives Ashley Van Dyke a Covid-19 vaccine as a mass vaccination of health care workers is happening on January 15, 2021 at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California.

Irfan Khan | AFP | Getty Images

With President Joe Biden making tackling the Covid-19 crisis his top priority, American voters are a little more optimistic about the pandemic than they were last fall, according to a new poll by NBC News.

Still, many respondents are dissatisfied with the sluggish introduction of the vaccine in the country, and a majority blame the federal government, according to the survey.

Poll results released Thursday showed that 38% of registered voters believe the worst of the health crisis is behind the country, while 44% believe the worst is yet to come. In a poll conducted just before the November elections, those numbers were 25% and 55%, respectively.

In his inaugural address on Wednesday, Biden warned of a difficult battle against the impending coronavirus.

“We are entering what is possibly the toughest and deadliest phase of the virus,” he said.

The country has at least 193,600 new coronavirus cases and at least 3,030 Covid deaths every day, based on a 7-day average calculated by CNBC using data from Johns Hopkins University. New, more infectious strains of the virus have emerged in the United States. At least 406,000 Americans have died from the virus since the pandemic started early last year.

The U.S. has failed to meet its target of vaccinating 20 million people by the end of 2020. Under the administration of former President Donald Trump, just over 14.2 million people had received one or more doses of the Covid-19 vaccine on Wednesday morning, according to the CDC.

While respondents to the NBC survey expressed a slight increase in optimism about the pandemic, more than half of respondents were previously dissatisfied with the introduction of vaccines: 30% said vaccine administration went poorly, while 25% said it was bad that they “didn’t” run too well. “

Another 11% said it was handled “very” well, and 31% said it went “fairly” well.

Among those who said the rollout was below average, 64% primarily blamed the federal government, while 21% blamed the state governments. Another 11% blamed both of them the same.

The answers diverged across the party lines. 79% of Democratic voters who criticized the introduction of the vaccine blamed the federal government. Among Republicans who were dissatisfied with the distribution, 52% blamed states.

The poll polled 1,000 registered voters nationwide from January 10-13. The error rate is plus or minus 3.1 percentage points.

Biden’s plan

Biden plans to accelerate vaccine rollout by increasing funding for local and state officials, creating more vaccination sites, and launching a national awareness campaign, according to his Covid Response Plan released Thursday. Previously, Biden said his government will try to give 100 million vaccine shots in the first 100 days.

His incoming health officials have expressed dismay at the state of the federal vaccine distribution plan.

“What we inherit from the Trump administration is so much worse than we could have imagined,” Jeff Zients, Biden’s Covid Response coordinator, told reporters. “We have to vaccinate as much of the US population as possible to get out of this pandemic, but we don’t have the infrastructure.”

On his first day in office, Biden restored the national security team in charge of global health, safety and biological defense, urged authorities to extend statewide moratoriums on evictions and foreclosures, and urged the Department of Education to put a break on student loan payments and interest to extend.

The president has also issued a mask mandate for anyone visiting a federal building or state, or using certain public transportation. Biden launched a 100-Day Masking Challenge that asked Americans to wear face coverings in public for the next 100 days.

Adopting a new Covid aid package will be a challenge for the new Congress and the White House. Democrats have a small majority in both houses of Congress, and Republicans are skeptical about spending increases.

“We have to put politics aside and finally face this pandemic as a nation,” Biden said on Wednesday.

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The Coronavirus Kills Mink. They Might Get a Vaccine.

At least two American companies and Russian researchers are working on coronavirus vaccines against mink. The animals became sick and died in large numbers from the virus, which they also returned to humans in mutated form.

Zoetis, a large New Jersey veterinary drug company with annual sales of more than $ 6 billion in 2019, and Medgene Labs, a small company with about 35 employees in South Dakota, are both testing vaccines in mink. They apply for a license for their products from the US Department of Agriculture.

Both companies said their vaccine technologies are generally similar to Novavax’s for a human vaccine that is in late-stage trials. In this system, insect cells produce the coronavirus spike protein, which is then bound to a harmless virus that invades the body’s cells and trains the immune system to be prepared for reality.

Mink is known to have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, the pandemic virus, in half a dozen countries around the world.

All members of the weasel family are susceptible to infection and to developing some symptoms and passing the virus on, at least to others of their species. This is in part due to the proteins on the surfaces of their cells and the structure of their respiratory systems. Scientists don’t know why minks in particular seem to get very sick, but the overcrowded conditions in farms on farms can cause them to be exposed to higher levels of virus.

The most serious outbreak was in Denmark, where mink breeding was suspended until at least 2022 due to mutations in the virus that appeared in infected mink.

At the end of last autumn Denmark ordered the slaughter of up to 17 million animals. Most of the dead minks were not allowed to be skinned for the fur trade. In average years the country sells up to 17 million pelts, but last year’s decision also killed its breeding population and there are fears that the industry will not recover.

In the United States, on the other hand, according to an industry group, Fur Commission USA, around 275 mostly small mink farms produce around three million skins annually. Thousands of U.S. minks have been infected and died, but states have been addressing the quarantine issue on some farms. The Ministry of Agriculture did not get involved and there was no order to kill mink populations like in Denmark.

Still, mink infections pose a public health threat in the United States. At least two minks that have escaped from farms have tested positive. And a wild mink tested positive. Scientists fear that if the virus spreads to wilder mink or other animals, it could establish itself in natural populations and create a reservoir from which it could possibly emerge in a mutated form to re-infect humans at another time.

So far, the mutations observed in Danish mink have not turned out to be a problem. But mutations in the virus in infected people have produced at least two variants that are more infectious. If a second species, the mink, serves as another breeding ground for the virus, the likelihood of mutation and escape into other animals increases. Consequently, a mink vaccine could have value beyond the industry. And while the Department of Agriculture is not currently considering applications for vaccines for cats and dogs, this is one option companies are considering.

Covid19 vaccinations>

Answers to your vaccine questions

If I live in the US, when can I get the vaccine?

While the exact order of vaccine recipients may vary from state to state, most doctors and residents of long-term care facilities will come first. If you want to understand how this decision is made, this article will help.

When can I get back to normal life after the vaccination?

Life will only get back to normal once society as a whole receives adequate protection against the coronavirus. Once countries have approved a vaccine, they can only vaccinate a few percent of their citizens in the first few months. The unvaccinated majority remain susceptible to infection. A growing number of coronavirus vaccines show robust protection against disease. However, it is also possible that people spread the virus without knowing they are infected because they have mild or no symptoms. Scientists don’t yet know whether the vaccines will also block the transmission of the coronavirus. Even vaccinated people have to wear masks for the time being, avoid the crowds indoors and so on. Once enough people are vaccinated, it becomes very difficult for the coronavirus to find people at risk to become infected. Depending on how quickly we as a society achieve this goal, life could approach a normal state in autumn 2021.

Do I still have to wear a mask after the vaccination?

Yeah, but not forever. The two vaccines that may be approved this month clearly protect people from contracting Covid-19. However, the clinical trials that produced these results were not designed to determine whether vaccinated people could still spread the coronavirus without developing symptoms. That remains a possibility. We know that people who are naturally infected with the coronavirus can spread it without experiencing a cough or other symptoms. Researchers will study this question intensively when the vaccines are introduced. In the meantime, self-vaccinated people need to think of themselves as potential spreaders.

Will it hurt What are the side effects?

The vaccine against Pfizer and BioNTech, like other typical vaccines, is delivered as a shot in the arm. The injection is no different from the ones you received before. Tens of thousands of people have already received the vaccines, and none of them have reported serious health problems. However, some of them have experienced short-lived symptoms, including pain and flu-like symptoms that usually last a day. It is possible that people will have to plan to take a day off or go to school after the second shot. While these experiences are not pleasant, they are a good sign: they are the result of your own immune system’s encounter with the vaccine and a strong response that ensures lasting immunity.

Will mRNA vaccines change my genes?

No. Moderna and Pfizer vaccines use a genetic molecule to boost the immune system. This molecule, known as mRNA, is eventually destroyed by the body. The mRNA is packaged in an oily bubble that can fuse with a cell, allowing the molecule to slide inside. The cell uses the mRNA to make proteins from the coronavirus that can stimulate the immune system. At any given point in time, each of our cells can contain hundreds of thousands of mRNA molecules that they produce to make their own proteins. As soon as these proteins are made, our cells use special enzymes to break down the mRNA. The mRNA molecules that our cells make can only survive a few minutes. The mRNA in vaccines is engineered to withstand the cell’s enzymes a little longer, so the cells can make extra viral proteins and trigger a stronger immune response. However, the mRNA can last a few days at most before it is destroyed.

Zoetis produces many vaccines for farm animals as well as dogs and cats. For pets, vaccines are made against infectious respiratory diseases in dogs, feline leukemia viruses, and others. The company began work on an animal vaccine in February at the start of the pandemic.

“When we saw the first case of dog infection in Hong Kong, we immediately followed up our normal procedures for developing a vaccine against emerging infectious diseases,” said Mahesh Kumar, senior vice president, Global Biologics, Zoetis. “We have decided to prepare a vaccine for dogs and cats.”

However, upon news of mink infections, the company reached out to the US Department of Agriculture and obtained permission to test the vaccine in mink. In the past, it took several months from testing to approval of other vaccines.

Dr. Kumar pointed out that coronavirus veterinary vaccines are common, for example for avian infectious bronchitis. The disease was first identified in the 1930s and a number of companies make vaccines.

Medgene, an early-stage small company, began work on coronavirus vaccine technology for animals in response to a devastating disease affecting pigs in China in 2013, the epidemic swine diarrhea virus. Mark Luecke, the company’s chief executive officer, said that as soon as the news of the pandemic became known last year and the coronavirus was identified and its genetic sequence described, a team “immediately started work on a vaccine that is for animals is suitable “.

Not knowing which animals would be susceptible, the company began testing it on mice, as it usually does with vaccine developers. When mink was found to be particularly vulnerable, the company contacted people in the mink industry and began testing the virus. Mr Lücke said it should be feasible to produce it this spring pending licensing.

Outside the US, other researchers are also working on mink vaccines. Researchers in Russia and Finland are tracking animal vaccines that could be used on mink and other animals.

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Pfizer CEO joins World Well being Group at press convention on the coronavirus outbreak

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World Health Organization officials are holding a press conference on Friday to inform the public about the coronavirus outbreak, which has infected more than 97.6 million people worldwide.

Albert Bourla, CEO of Pfizer, which makes one of the Covid-19 vaccines approved in the US and Europe, is expected to work with WHO representatives during the virtual meeting. Dr. Seth Berkley, CEO of the Gavi public-private vaccination partnership, and Henrietta Fore, Executive Director of UNICEF, will also attend the briefing.

Earlier this week, WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus warned that the world would be on the verge of “catastrophic moral failure” if it did not fairly distribute available doses of Covid-19 vaccines around the world. He added that the discovery of several transmissible strains of the virus in different parts of the world increases the urgency of the vaccine’s introduction.

“It is not right for younger, healthier adults in rich countries to be vaccinated in front of health workers and older people in poorer countries,” he said on Monday. “There will be enough vaccine for everyone, but right now we need to work together as a global family to set priorities [those] most at risk of serious illness and death in all countries. “

Last year, WHO, in collaboration with Gavi and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, set up the COVAX facility to ensure equitable access to vaccines for every country in the world. By the end of 2021, 2 billion doses of safe and effective vaccines are expected to be administered.

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