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Health

Have You Had Covid-19? Examine Says You Might Want Solely One Vaccine Dose

Shannon Romano, eine Molekularbiologin, kam Ende März mit Covid zusammen, ungefähr eine Woche nachdem sie und ihre Kollegen ihr Labor im Mount Sinai Hospital geschlossen hatten. Zuerst kam es zu schwächenden Kopfschmerzen, gefolgt von einem Fieber, das weiter anstieg, und dann zu qualvollen Körperschmerzen. „Ich konnte nicht schlafen. Ich konnte mich nicht bewegen “, sagte sie. “Jedes meiner Gelenke tut nur innerlich weh.”

Es war keine Erfahrung, die sie wiederholen wollte – niemals. Als sie Anfang dieses Monats für den Covid-19-Impfstoff in Frage kam, bekam sie den Schuss.

Zwei Tage nach ihrer Injektion entwickelte sie Symptome, die sich sehr vertraut anfühlten. “Die Art und Weise, wie mein Kopf schmerzte und mein Körper schmerzte, war die gleiche Kopfschmerzen und Körperschmerzen, die ich hatte, als ich Covid hatte”, sagte sie. Sie erholte sich schnell, aber die intensive Reaktion ihres Körpers auf den Stoß überraschte sie.

Eine neue Studie könnte erklären, warum Dr. Romano und viele andere, die Covid hatten, diese unerwartet intensiven Reaktionen auf den ersten Schuss eines Impfstoffs melden. In einer am Montag online veröffentlichten Studie stellten Forscher fest, dass Personen, die zuvor mit dem Virus infiziert waren, nach dem ersten Schuss häufiger über Müdigkeit, Kopfschmerzen, Schüttelfrost, Fieber sowie Muskel- und Gelenkschmerzen berichteten als diejenigen, die noch nie infiziert waren. Covid-Überlebende hatten sowohl nach der ersten als auch nach der zweiten Dosis des Impfstoffs weitaus höhere Antikörperspiegel.

Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen, sagen die Forscher, benötigen Menschen, die Covid-19 hatten, möglicherweise nur einen Schuss.

“Ich denke, eine Impfung sollte ausreichen”, sagte Florian Krammer, Virologe an der Icahn School of Medicine am Berg Sinai und Autor der Studie. “Dies würde auch Personen vor unnötigen Schmerzen bewahren, wenn sie die zweite Dosis erhalten, und es würde zusätzliche Impfstoffdosen freisetzen.”

Eine zweite am Montag veröffentlichte Studie bestätigt die Idee. Die Studie umfasste 59 Beschäftigte im Gesundheitswesen, von denen 42 zuvor Covid hatten (mit oder ohne Symptome). Die Forscher bewerteten die Nebenwirkungen nicht, stellten jedoch fest, dass diejenigen, die zuvor infiziert waren, auf den ersten Stoß mit hohen Antikörperniveaus reagierten, vergleichbar mit den Mengen, die nach der zweiten Dosis bei Menschen beobachtet wurden, die noch nie infiziert waren. In Laborexperimenten banden diese Antikörper an das Virus und verhinderten, dass es in die Zellen eindrang. Um die Impfstoffversorgung zu erweitern, kommen die Autoren zu dem Schluss, dass diejenigen, die zuvor Covid hatten, in die Prioritätenliste aufgenommen werden sollten und nur eine Dosis des Impfstoffs erhalten sollten, während die Versorgung begrenzt ist.

Während einige Wissenschaftler dieser Logik zustimmen, sind andere vorsichtiger. Eine Änderung der Anzahl der Dosen könnte “einen wirklich kniffligen Präzedenzfall” schaffen, sagte E. John Wherry, Direktor des Instituts für Immunologie der Universität von Pennsylvania. “Wir nehmen keine FDA-Zulassungen für beispielsweise ein Chemotherapeutikum entgegen und werfen dann einfach den Dosierungsplan weg”, sagte er.

Dr. Wherry wies auch darauf hin, dass Menschen mit leichten Fällen von Covid offenbar niedrigere Antikörperspiegel aufweisen und möglicherweise keinen Schutz gegen ansteckendere Varianten des Virus haben. Es kann auch schwierig sein zu identifizieren, welche Personen zuvor infiziert wurden. “Die Dokumentation wird zu einem wirklich potenziell chaotischen Problem für die öffentliche Gesundheit”, sagte er.

Nebenwirkungen nach der Impfung sind völlig zu erwarten. Sie zeigen, dass das Immunsystem eine Reaktion auslöst und besser darauf vorbereitet ist, eine Infektion abzuwehren, wenn der Körper mit dem Virus in Kontakt kommt. Die Impfstoffe von Pfizer und Moderna können besonders gut eine starke Reaktion hervorrufen. Die meisten Teilnehmer an den Studien der Unternehmen berichteten von Schmerzen an der Injektionsstelle, und mehr als die Hälfte berichtete von Müdigkeit und Kopfschmerzen.

Die klinischen Studien mit den zugelassenen Impfstoffen von Pfizer und Moderna, an denen jeweils mehr als 30.000 Teilnehmer teilnahmen, legen nahe, dass die meisten Menschen nach dem zweiten Stoß die schlimmsten Nebenwirkungen haben. Und in der Moderna-Studie hatten Menschen, die zuvor infiziert waren, tatsächlich weniger Nebenwirkungen als diejenigen, die dies nicht getan hatten.

Aber anekdotisch hören Forscher von einer wachsenden Anzahl von Menschen wie Dr. Romano, die sich nach einem Schuss krank fühlten. “Sie beschreiben diese Symptome viel energischer”, sagte Dr. Wherry.

Das entspricht dem, was Dr. Krammer und seine Kollegen in ihrer neuen Studie gefunden haben, die noch nicht in einer wissenschaftlichen Zeitschrift veröffentlicht wurde. Die Forscher bewerteten die Symptome nach der Impfung bei 231 Personen, von denen 83 zuvor infiziert waren und 148 nicht. Beide Gruppen berichteten weithin über Schmerzen an der Injektionsstelle nach der ersten Dosis. Aber diejenigen, die zuvor infiziert worden waren, berichteten häufiger von Müdigkeit, Kopfschmerzen und Schüttelfrost.

Das Team untersuchte auch, wie das Immunsystem bei 109 Personen auf den Impfstoff reagierte – 68 davon waren zuvor nicht infiziert und 41 waren infiziert – und fand in der letzteren Gruppe eine robustere Antikörperantwort. Die Zahlen sind jedoch gering, und daher müssen die Schlussfolgerungen der Studie mit mehr Forschung weiter untersucht werden, sagten Experten.

Es ist nicht unbedingt überraschend, dass zuvor infizierte Personen möglicherweise intensivere Reaktionen erfahren. Beide Aufnahmen enthalten genetisches Material, das den Körper zur Herstellung von Spike-Proteinen anspornt, den knorrigen Vorsprüngen auf der Oberfläche des Coronavirus. Menschen, die bereits mit dem Virus infiziert wurden, haben Immunzellen, die darauf vorbereitet sind, diese Proteine ​​zu erkennen. Wenn die Proteine ​​nach der Impfung auftauchen, greifen einige dieser Immunzellen an und die Menschen fühlen sich krank.

Dr. Susan Malinowski, eine Augenärztin in Michigan, die im März Covid-19 hatte, hatte zweifellos das Gefühl, dass ihr Körper angegriffen wurde, nachdem sie den Moderna-Impfstoff erhalten hatte. Sie bekam den ersten Schuss vor dem Mittagessen am Silvesterabend. Beim Abendessen wurde ihr langsam schlecht. Sie verbrachte die nächsten zwei Tage elend im Bett.

„Ich hatte Fieber. Ich hatte Schüttelfrost. Ich hatte Nachtschweiß. Ich hatte überall in meinem Körper Schmerzen “, sagte sie. “Ich war nach dem Impfstoff tatsächlich kranker als mit Covid.”

Fragen zu schwereren Impfreaktionen bei Personen, die Covid bereits hatten, wurden auf einer Sitzung eines Expertenausschusses am 27. Januar gestellt, der die Zentren für die Kontrolle und Prävention von Krankheiten berät.

Dr. Pablo J. Sánchez, ein Komiteemitglied des Forschungsinstituts des Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Columbus, Ohio, bemerkte, dass er von Menschen gehört habe, die auf den Impfstoff schlechter angesprochen hätten als ihre früheren Erfahrungen mit Covid-19. Er schlug vor, eine Frage zur vorherigen Infektion zu den Informationen hinzuzufügen, die die CDC von den Impfstoffempfängern anfordert. “Es wird nicht gefragt”, sagte Dr. Sánchez. “Ich denke, das ist wirklich wichtig.”

Covid19 Impfungen >

Antworten auf Ihre Impfstofffragen

Bin ich in meinem Bundesstaat für den Covid-Impfstoff berechtigt?

Derzeit können mehr als 150 Millionen Menschen – fast die Hälfte der Bevölkerung – geimpft werden. Aber jeder Staat trifft die endgültige Entscheidung darüber, wer zuerst geht. Die 21 Millionen Beschäftigten im Gesundheitswesen des Landes und drei Millionen Einwohner von Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen waren die ersten, die sich qualifizierten. Mitte Januar forderten Bundesbeamte alle Bundesstaaten auf, die Berechtigung für alle über 65-Jährigen und für Erwachsene jeden Alters mit Erkrankungen zu öffnen, bei denen ein hohes Risiko besteht, dass sie schwer krank werden oder an Covid-19 sterben. Erwachsene in der Allgemeinbevölkerung stehen am Ende der Reihe. Wenn Gesundheitsbehörden von Bund und Ländern Engpässe bei der Verteilung von Impfstoffen beseitigen können, sind alle ab 16 Jahren bereits im Frühjahr oder Frühsommer förderfähig. Der Impfstoff wurde bei Kindern nicht zugelassen, obwohl derzeit Studien durchgeführt werden. Es kann Monate dauern, bis ein Impfstoff für Personen unter 16 Jahren verfügbar ist. Aktuelle Informationen zu den Impfrichtlinien in Ihrer Region finden Sie auf Ihrer staatlichen Gesundheitswebsite

Ist der Impfstoff frei?

Sie sollten nichts aus eigener Tasche bezahlen müssen, um den Impfstoff zu erhalten, obwohl Sie nach Versicherungsinformationen gefragt werden. Wenn Sie nicht versichert sind, sollten Sie den Impfstoff trotzdem kostenlos erhalten. Der Kongress hat in diesem Frühjahr ein Gesetz verabschiedet, das es Versicherern verbietet, eine Kostenteilung wie eine Zuzahlung oder einen Selbstbehalt anzuwenden. Es bestand aus zusätzlichen Schutzmaßnahmen, die es Apotheken, Ärzten und Krankenhäusern untersagten, Patienten, einschließlich nicht versicherter Patienten, in Rechnung zu stellen. Trotzdem befürchten Gesundheitsexperten, dass Patienten in Schlupflöcher geraten, die sie für Überraschungsrechnungen anfällig machen. Dies kann bei Personen der Fall sein, denen zusammen mit ihrem Impfstoff eine Arztbesuchsgebühr berechnet wird, oder bei Amerikanern, die bestimmte Arten der Krankenversicherung haben, die nicht unter die neuen Vorschriften fallen. Wenn Sie Ihren Impfstoff von einer Arztpraxis oder einer Notfallklinik erhalten, sprechen Sie mit ihnen über mögliche versteckte Kosten. Um sicherzugehen, dass Sie keine Überraschungsrechnung erhalten, ist es am besten, wenn Sie Ihren Impfstoff an einer Impfstelle des Gesundheitsministeriums oder in einer örtlichen Apotheke erhalten, sobald die Aufnahmen breiter verfügbar sind.

Kann ich wählen, welchen Impfstoff ich bekomme?Wie lange hält der Impfstoff? Brauche ich nächstes Jahr noch einen?

Das ist zu bestimmen. Es ist möglich, dass Covid-19-Impfungen genau wie die Grippeimpfung zu einem jährlichen Ereignis werden. Oder es kann sein, dass der Nutzen des Impfstoffs länger als ein Jahr anhält. Wir müssen abwarten, wie dauerhaft der Schutz vor den Impfstoffen ist. Um dies festzustellen, werden Forscher geimpfte Menschen aufspüren, um nach „Durchbruchsfällen“ zu suchen – jenen Menschen, die trotz Impfung an Covid-19 erkranken. Dies ist ein Zeichen für eine Schwächung des Schutzes und gibt Forschern Hinweise darauf, wie lange der Impfstoff hält. Sie werden auch die Spiegel von Antikörpern und T-Zellen im Blut geimpfter Personen überwachen, um festzustellen, ob und wann ein Auffrischungsschuss erforderlich sein könnte. Es ist denkbar, dass Menschen alle paar Monate, einmal im Jahr oder nur alle paar Jahre Booster benötigen. Es geht nur darum, auf die Daten zu warten.

Benötigt mein Arbeitgeber Impfungen?Wo kann ich mehr erfahren?

Dr. Tom Shimabukuro von der CDC, der dem Ausschuss Sicherheitsdaten vorlegte, sagte, dass die Agentur das Problem untersucht. “Derzeit gibt es nur begrenzte Daten dazu, aber wir suchen nach Möglichkeiten, um bessere Informationen zu erhalten”, sagte er.

Menschen, die Covid hatten, scheinen „auf die erste Dosis zu reagieren, als wäre es eine zweite Dosis“, sagte Akiko Iwasaki, Immunologe an der Yale School of Medicine. Eine Dosis ist also wahrscheinlich “mehr als genug”, sagte sie.

Eine Anfang dieses Monats veröffentlichte Studie berichtete, dass das Überleben einer natürlichen Infektion einen Schutz von 83 Prozent vor einer erneuten Infektion innerhalb von fünf Monaten bot. “Zwei Dosen zusätzlich zu geben, scheint vielleicht übertrieben”, fügte sie hinzu.

Shane Crotty, Immunologe am La Jolla Institute for Immunology, wies darauf hin, dass eine intensivere Impfreaktion typischerweise einen besseren Schutz bedeutet. Wenn jemand eine große Reaktion auf die erste Dosis hätte, “würde ich erwarten, dass das Überspringen dieser zweiten Dosis sinnvoll wäre und dass die zweite Dosis wahrscheinlich unnötig ist”, sagte er.

Andere Immunologen schlagen jedoch vor, dass sich jeder an zwei Dosen hält. “Ich bin ein großer Befürworter der richtigen Dosierung und des richtigen Zeitplans, denn so wurden die Studien durchgeführt”, sagte Maria Elena Bottazzi, Immunologin am Baylor College of Medicine in Houston.

Und zwei Schüsse zu bekommen scheint keine Gefahr für diejenigen zu sein, die Covid hatten.

Dennoch wünscht sich der Augenarzt Dr. Malinowski, es gäbe weniger Fragen und mehr Antworten. Wenn die Nebenwirkungen von Impfstoffen bei bereits infizierten Menschen wirklich stärker sind, könnten Gesundheitsbeamte den Menschen einen Hinweis geben, sagte sie.

“Es wäre schön zu wissen, dass Sie vielleicht zwei Tage lang nicht aufstehen können”, sagte Malinowski. Sie hat beschlossen, nicht für eine zweite Dosis zurückzukehren.

Dr. Romano vom Mount Sinai Hospital wird voraussichtlich im Februar zum zweiten Mal erschossen und ist sich nicht sicher, was sie tun wird. “Meine Freunde, die Immunologen sind, wir haben das alle unter uns besprochen”, sagte sie. „Wahrscheinlich bekomme ich es. Aber ich möchte noch ein bisschen darüber nachdenken, bevor ich es tue. “

Denise Grady und Apoorva Mandavilli haben zur Berichterstattung beigetragen.

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Health

Senate confirms Pete Buttigieg as Transportation secretary

Pete Buttigieg speaks at the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation nomination hearings to review his awaited nomination for Secretary of Transportation in Washington.

Ken Cedeno | Reuters

The U.S. Senate confirmed Pete Buttigieg as Secretary of Transportation on Tuesday, presenting the former presidential candidate with a myriad of challenges – from President Joe Biden’s environmental priorities to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Buttigieg, the former mayor of South Bend, Indiana, easily received approval from the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation last week after a largely amicable hearing. He was asked about issues related to Covid-19, the much-needed improvement in infrastructure, and strengthening the powers of the Federal Aviation Administration if he were to lead the DOT, which has 55,000 employees.

The Senate approved Buttigieg’s 86-13 nomination with an overwhelming majority.

In the first two weeks, Biden’s government has already taken strict measures regarding transportation measures to contain the spread of Covid-19. Biden extended an entry ban for most non-US citizens who have recently been to Brazil, the UK and much of Europe. On Tuesday, the US government asked passengers to wear masks on planes, trains, buses, ferries and other means of transport.

Buttigieg’s DOT could become a driving or limiting force in the adoption of new technologies, especially autonomous and electric vehicles.

Biden has already directed federal agencies to consider revising the Trump administration’s lowered fuel emission standards for vehicles. He also said he plans to replace the government’s fleet of cars and trucks with U.S.-assembled electric vehicles

The 39-year-old will be the first openly gay person to hold a cabinet position and one of the youngest ever.

– CNBC’s Michael Wayland contributed to this article.

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Health

States within the US are Pulling Again Vaccine Doses from Federal Program for Nursing Houses

It wasn’t long before Keith Reed, an assistant health commissioner in Oklahoma, discovered a major logistical problem with the introduction of state vaccination. Week after week, Oklahoma allocated thousands of valuable doses to a federal program for nursing home patients who did not all use them. Indeed, Tens of thousands of cans sat untouched in freezers.

So his department rang an acoustic signal. It was decided to stop allocating vaccines from Oklahoma to the federal program, a partnership with private pharmacies like CVS and Walgreens to immunize residents of long-term care facilities. Instead, they would go to distribution channels that would get them into people’s arms faster.

A number of states have taken similar steps to divert care from the federal effort known as the Pharmacy Partnership for Long-Term Care Program. This is a vivid example of how chaotic the US vaccination effort has been. Some of the other states are Minnesota, Maine, Michigan, Missouri, and Ohio.

Reed said moving to Oklahoma would do no harm: Walgreens and CVS have assured him that all nursing home residents in the state who needed and wanted to be vaccinated would have the first of their two shots by the end of the week.

The federal program used a formula that made it clear how many shots would be required for long-term care facilities like nursing homes, whose residents are particularly vulnerable to the coronavirus. Another problem has arisen: a significant number of residents, and particularly workers in the facilities, are reluctant to be vaccinated.

A study published Monday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that 77.8 percent of residents and 37.5 percent of workers received the vaccine in an average long-term care facility in the first month of the program. The study says the real rate may be higher for workers as some may have been vaccinated in different settings. Even so, federal officials are particularly concerned about how many workers oppose vaccination and have stepped up efforts to change their minds.

Mr Reed said the doses Oklahoma took away from the federal program will go to thousands of Oklahomans who are 65 years or older and do not live in nursing homes.

“Our goal is to get the vaccine into someone else’s arms within seven days of receiving it from the freezer,” Reed said in an interview last week. “We just had a tough time with this amount of vaccines that were earmarked for this program when we could use this vaccine to go straight to Oklahomans.”

Nursing home residents’ advocates are watching closely for signs that the moves will hamper their vaccinations.

“If we find older adults are not getting the vaccines they need, that’s our business,” said Lisa Sanders, a spokeswoman for LeadingAge, which represents more than 5,000 nonprofit aging service providers.

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Health

Honeywell CEO on mass Covid vaccination website in North Carolina

More than 20,000 people were vaccinated against Covid-19 last weekend at Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina. The idea for the three-day event came during a humble walk, according to Darius Adamczyk, CEO of Honeywell International.

“In the Covid era, one of the more social things you can still do is go for a walk outside with some of your friends,” Adamczyk said on Squawk Box on Tuesday. One weekend, Adamczyk said he was walking with Carolina Panthers President Tom Glick and Atrium Health CEO Gene Woods, who both live in his neighborhood.

The men discussed the introduction of Covid vaccinations in the US, which started more slowly than expected from mid-December, Adamczyk recalled. “We said, ‘You know, maybe we could help here. Maybe we could work together as a team.'”

Atrium Health, as a non-profit healthcare system with 42 hospitals, could of course direct the actual administration of the vaccines, Adamczyk said. The Panthers are now well experienced in handling large crowds at Bank of America Stadium, where David Tepper’s NFL franchise plays its home games.

Honeywell could bring its logistics and sales expertise, as well as its technological capabilities, to the table more broadly, Adamczyk said. Put all three Charlotte-based organizations together, he said, and “we think we can do something really different.”

“I have to thank our mayor, [Vi Alexander Lyles,] thank our governor, [Roy Cooper,] for actually shooting ourselves because it could have been a disaster, “said Adamczyk. But it turned out to be a success, he said.

The goal was to deliver 19,000 vaccines at the stadium event, a spokesman for Atrium Health told CNBC. In the end, more than 20,000 were administered. The week before, Honeywell, Atrium Health, and Tepper Sports & Entertainment, the company that holds Tepper’s ownership of the Panthers, also worked together on a vaccination site at Charlotte Motor Speedway, where more than 15,000 shots were fired.

The pace of vaccinations in the US has improved in recent weeks and the number of doses given now exceeds the number of confirmed Covid cases since the pandemic began. As of Monday, a total of 32.8 million doses had been administered, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, including just over 6 million Americans who both received two-dose vaccinations. 26.4 million coronavirus cases have been confirmed in the United States, data from Johns Hopkins University shows.

The event at Bank of America Stadium was vaccinated every 4.5 seconds on average, Adamczyk said. “The other statistic that I think is really important here is that 30% are from communities of colored people.”

“We did it in three days – Friday, Saturday, Sunday,” he added. “Twelve hours a day, 20,000 people. See if we could do it and set up 50 or 100 such locations across the country.”

Adamczyk acknowledged that vaccine supply restrictions may currently prohibit this vision, but was confident that those restrictions would ease in the coming weeks and months.

“Ultimately, this becomes a queuing problem, and the right and most efficient way to solve the queuing problem is to have very large, very efficient distribution centers that are all over the country, across the states, and very quickly take them in the arms of the people, “said Adamczyk.

“We have to get back to life, we have to go back to good economic times and the fastest way the economy can recover is to get people vaccinated,” he added.

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Health

Moderna’s Easy Repair to Vaccine Provide: Extra Doses in Every Vial

Moderna is asking U.S. regulators to agree to what could be a remarkably simple proposal to speed up Americans’ immunization against the coronavirus: fill the empty space in the vials with up to 50 percent more doses.

The Food and Drug Administration could decide in a matter of weeks whether Moderna, a Massachusetts-based biotech company that develops one of two state-approved Covid vaccines, can increase the number of doses in its vials from up to 15. Moderna has ramped up production of its vaccine, but the process of filling, capping and labeling millions of tiny vials has proven to be a roadblock. The company could produce more if regulators allow it to make fuller vials, Ray Jordan, a Moderna spokesman, said late Monday.

While it’s not clear how quickly Moderna could adjust its production, any spike could be extremely welcome news in the campaign to contain a pandemic that has killed more than 443,000 people in the US alone.

“That just makes a lot of sense,” said Dr. Nicole Lurie, who was Assistant Secretary of Health for Preparedness and Response under President Barack Obama. If Moderna can use the same size vial and the same production lines that are already running, she said, “It’s a relatively simple and straightforward solution.”

Moderna has given up about 46 percent of the vaccine previously administered in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The remainder comes from Pfizer-BioNTech, the only other vaccine developer to receive emergency clearance.

Both vaccines require two doses, and both companies have promised to deliver 200 million doses by July. That would be enough to cover roughly three-quarters of the nation’s adults. If Moderna can deliver cans faster, that schedule could accelerate.

The Biden administration is looking for a way to strengthen production, for example for obstacles in the “filling and finishing” phase of production. Although this stage of the nuts and bolts receives less attention than the manufacturing process of the vaccine itself, it has been identified as a production limitation for years.

Moderna has discussed the possible change with the Food and Drug Administration but has not yet provided manufacturing data for support, according to those familiar with the discussions. Federal regulators may be receptive to the idea of ​​more doses in each vial, but could prevent a 50 percent increase and instead approve a more modest number of additional doses.

The industry standard has long been 10 doses per vial, and federal regulators may fear that having too many extra punctures by needling the rubber cover of the vial and the time it takes to extract more doses increases the risk of contamination of the vaccine with Bacteria could increase.

At some point, too much liquid can cause a vial to break. Moderna has tested what happens when additional doses are added and found the limit to be 15, according to people familiar with the company’s operations and not authorized to speak publicly.

Moderna’s proposal for a five dose increase was previously reported by CNBC.

Packing more vaccines in each vial is one of several options the White House and health officials are considering to ramp up production before spring, when authorities expect a renewed spike in infections from emerging variants of the coronavirus. Some ideas, such as combining fractions of doses left over in vials, have been suggested and discarded.

Pfizer is unable to increase the amount of vaccine in its vials because its manufacturing is geared towards a specific vial size that can only hold about six doses. Moderna’s vial is large enough to hold more than the 10 doses currently allowed, so it can add more without creating a new production line.

When asked about Moderna’s proposal, a White House spokesman said Monday that “all options are on the table”.

Prashant Yadav, who studies healthcare supply chains at the Washington Center for Global Development, said Moderna could potentially make more of its vaccine “relatively quickly” if it were given the green light to add doses to each vial.

Covid19 vaccinations>

Answers to your vaccine questions

Am I eligible for the Covid vaccine in my state?

Currently more than 150 million people – almost half of the population – can be vaccinated. But each state makes the final decision on who goes first. The country’s 21 million healthcare workers and three million long-term care residents were the first to qualify. In mid-January, federal officials asked all states to open eligibility to anyone over 65 and adults of any age with medical conditions that are at high risk of becoming seriously ill or dying of Covid-19. Adults in the general population are at the end of the line. If federal and state health authorities can remove bottlenecks in the distribution of vaccines, everyone over the age of 16 is eligible as early as spring or early summer. The vaccine has not been approved in children, although studies are ongoing. It can take months before a vaccine is available to anyone under the age of 16. For the latest information on vaccination guidelines in your area, see your state health website

Is the Vaccine Free?

You shouldn’t have to pay anything out of pocket to get the vaccine, despite being asked for insurance information. If you don’t have insurance, you should still get the vaccine for free. Congress passed law this spring banning insurers from applying cost-sharing such as a co-payment or deductible. It consisted of additional safeguards prohibiting pharmacies, doctors, and hospitals from charging patients, including uninsured patients. Even so, health experts fear that patients will end up in loopholes that make them prone to surprise bills. This may be the case for people who are charged a doctor’s visit fee with their vaccine, or for Americans who have certain types of health insurance that are not covered by the new regulations. When you get your vaccine from a doctor’s office or emergency clinic, talk to them about possible hidden costs. To make sure you don’t get a surprise invoice, it is best to get your vaccine at a Department of Health vaccination center or local pharmacy as soon as the shots become more widely available.

Can I choose which vaccine to get?How long does the vaccine last? Do I need another next year?

That is to be determined. It is possible that Covid-19 vaccinations will become an annual event just like the flu vaccination. Or the vaccine may last longer than a year. We’ll have to wait and see how durable the protection from the vaccines is. To determine this, researchers will track down vaccinated people to look for “breakthrough cases” – those people who get Covid-19 despite being vaccinated. This is a sign of a weakening of protection and gives researchers an indication of how long the vaccine will last. They will also monitor the levels of antibodies and T cells in the blood of people who have been vaccinated to see if and when a booster shot might be needed. It is conceivable that people might need boosters every few months, once a year, or just every few years. It’s just a matter of waiting for the data.

Does my employer need vaccinations?Where can I find out more?

But he said it wasn’t an instant change. “I don’t think Moderna has a surplus,” he said.

Dr. Lurie, an advisor to the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, known as CEPI, said that during the federal government’s H1N1 swine flu response, the problem of filling and completion created a “major bottleneck” with a limited supply of vaccines.

She said that at the start of the coronavirus pandemic at CEPI, there was discussion about which vial size would be suitable for mass vaccination: five, 10 or 20. Last year, a global shortage of glass vials became apparent due to negotiations between the federal government and vaccine manufacturers , which added further stress to drug companies developing coronavirus vaccines.

Mr Yadav said the finish-and-fill process has been automated to prevent contamination and ensure precise dosing of the microgram. It can fill up to 1,000 vaccine bottles per minute at top speed, he said.

A 15-dose vial made a compromise, he said. There could be more waste if healthcare professionals run out of people to be vaccinated and have to discard the remaining doses. But during a raging pandemic, experts said that could be a risk federal health officials would take.

Dr. Moncef Slaoui, who led the Trump administration’s vaccine development program and is an advisor to the Biden administration through next week, said other big drug companies like Merck or GlaxoSmithKline could potentially be able to end some of the fill and leg burden.

“It’s a more general type of manufacturing activity,” he said.

French drug maker Sanofi announced last week that it would produce more than 100 million doses of the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine starting this summer to meet demand in Europe. Company employees said Sanofi will fill and package vials at a Sanofi facility in Frankfurt, near BioNTech’s German headquarters. BioNTech, Pfizer’s German partner, developed the vaccine.

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Boeing says its 777X orders have fallen by a 3rd after supply delays

A Boeing 777X aircraft flies over the Boeing Everett Factory

David Ryder | Reuters

Boeing cut its backlog of 777X aircraft by more than a third after the aerospace giant announced new delays for the debut of its newest aircraft, according to a new securities filing.

The Chicago-based manufacturer said last week it doesn’t expect the 777X to go live by the end of 2023, more than two years later than previously expected. According to Boeing on Monday, the 777X order list at the end of 2020 was 191 compared to 309 in the previous year.

Boeing routinely removes aircraft from its order book because a billing rule dictates how orders that are at risk of being canceled are logged. In general, aircraft purchase agreements make it easier for customers to cancel orders when aircraft are delayed.

Boeing charged a $ 6.5 billion fee for delays on the 777X in the fourth quarter.

The company has removed hundreds of 737 Max orders from its order book under similar accounting rules and full cancellations. These narrow-body aircraft, Boeing’s best-selling jetliner, are flying passengers again after almost a while grounding for two years after two fatal accidents.

Boeing said last week that additional regulatory scrutiny of the larger 777X aircraft after the Max crashes, as well as weaker customer appetite for new aircraft amid the pandemic, would add to delays in the delivery of the wide-body aircraft.

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Covid-19 Information: Even in Poorer Neighborhoods, the Rich Are Lining Up for Vaccines

“It looked like Ward 3 was being punished for being more familiar with computers,” said Mary Cheh, a member of the city council who represents the station, who routinely has homes near American University or the Potomac River sold for more than $ 2 million. “I was inundated with emails from people who were just really angry about it.”

The day after the policy change, Ms. Cheh wrote to constituents, quoting the shooting data, and saying that “our fear of getting one right away shouldn’t tarnish the pursuit of fair vaccine distribution.”

“When I sent this message, people were like, ‘Oh, thanks, I understand now,” Ms. Cheh said. Still, she called the city’s new system “a very blunt instrument” and said it was fairer to meet the needs of that Basing the risk of an individual, not that of a whole neighborhood.

70-year-old Adora Iris Lee lives in one of Washington’s most important neighborhoods – Congress Heights, part of Ward 8 in the southern part of the district, which is severely black and has seen the highest number of Covid deaths. She said she was on hold for more than three hours but was given appointments for herself and her mother, who is 93 years old.

“Being able to call at a time that was reserved for us was good for me,” said Ms. Lee. “People who live in Station 3 and people who live in Station 8 have different social realities. We’re not kidding. “

Even so, Mr. Jones of Bread for the City said that even with the new system, hardly any of the people who came to his clinic for admissions were his regular patients. The clinic began reaching out to its regulars and, with the permission of the city, reserved all first doses for them and for clients of other social organizations last week.

“It’s not just about keeping the seats for the people,” said Jones. “Somehow we have to persuade them to use these spots.”

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Baker Hughes is ‘cautiously optimistic’ on oil demand

Mobile offshore drilling units stand in the port of Cromarty Firth in Cromarty, UK on Tuesday 23 June 2020.

Jason Alden | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Oil services company Baker Hughes sees energy demand recover in the second half of 2021, managing director Lorenzo Simonelli said this week.

“We are cautiously optimistic,” he told CNBC’s Steve Sedgwick on Monday.

He noted that some countries are still linked to coronavirus, which decimated demand in 2020 and may weigh on fuel sales in the first half of the year.

However, he expects demand to recover in the second half of the year due to the launch of the vaccine and the improvement in the economic situation.

The CEO’s views were in line with OPEC’s January oil market report that vaccinations generate some “upside optimism” and that forecasts for 2021 “assume a healthy recovery in economic activity”.

The alliance expects global oil demand to increase by 5.9 million barrels per day to an average of 95.9 million barrels per day.

The International Energy Agency predicts that global oil demand will recover this year to 96.6 million bdp. It lowered its forecast slightly, citing rising Covid cases and new bans.

As vaccines put fundamentals on a stronger growth path, it will take longer for demand to fully recover, the IEA said.

Opportunities in oil investments

Simonelli said there would be “investment opportunities” when the rebound takes place.

“It will be different geographically in different places,” he said. “If we look at the lower-cost pools, look at the Middle East. That is where you will see some of the increases in production.”

Brazil and Norway could also increase production in the second half of 2021, he added.

US shale producers are likely to be “subdued,” he said. “There is a lot of capital discipline [and] Obviously we are also going through an energy transition. “

He said North America would grow in volume quickly historically, but that could change this time around.

“We believe this will be different just given the capital discipline and focus that producers have on … returns and cash flows and restricting some of the capital inflows,” he said.

US West Texas Intermediate Futures rose 0.99% to $ 54.08 on Tuesday afternoon in Asia, while the international benchmark Brent crude oil futures rose 0.89% to trade at $ 56.85.

– CNBC’s Sam Meredith contributed to this report.

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Alzheimer’s Prediction Might Be Present in Writing Exams

Is it possible to predict who will develop Alzheimer’s disease by looking at writing patterns years before symptoms appear?

According to a new study by IBM researchers, the answer is yes.

And she and others say Alzheimer’s is just the beginning. People with a variety of neurological disorders exhibit different language patterns that investigators believe can serve as early warning signs of their illnesses.

For the Alzheimer’s study, the researchers looked at a group of 80 men and women in their eighties – half had Alzheimer’s and the others didn’t. But seven and a half years earlier, everyone had been cognitively normal.

The men and women participated in the Framingham Heart Study, longstanding federal research that requires regular physical and cognitive testing. As part of it, they took a writing test, before either of them developed Alzheimer’s, that asked subjects to describe a drawing of a boy standing on an unsteady stool, reaching for a cookie jar on a tall shelf while a woman went along with them back to him is unaware of an overcrowded sink.

The researchers examined the subjects’ word usage using an artificial intelligence program that looked for subtle language differences. A group of subjects was identified who repeated their word usage at this earlier point when they were all cognitively normal. These subjects also made mistakes, such as B. incorrectly or improperly capitalizing words and using telegraphic language, that is, language with a simple grammatical structure that lacks subjects and words such as “that”, “is” and “are”.

It turned out that the members of this group were the people who developed Alzheimer’s disease.

The AI ​​program predicted who would get Alzheimer’s disease with 75 percent accuracy. This is evident from results recently published in the Lancet journal EClinicalMedicine.

“We had no prior assumption that using words would reveal anything,” said Ajay Royyuru, vice president of health and life science research at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, NY, where the AI ​​analysis was conducted.

Alzheimer’s researchers were intrigued, saying it will be important to have simple tests that can warn early that a person can develop the progressive without intervention if there are ways to slow or stop the disease – a goal this is so far difficult to achieve is brain disease.

“What is going on here is very smart,” said Dr. Jason Karlawish, an Alzheimer’s researcher at the University of Pennsylvania. “Can you pull out a signal from a large amount of spoken or written language?”

For years, researchers have been analyzing language and voice changes in people with symptoms of neurological diseases – including Alzheimer’s, ALS, Parkinson’s, frontotemporal dementia, bipolar diseases and schizophrenia.

According to Dr. Michael Weiner, who researches Alzheimer’s disease at the University of California at San Francisco, the IBM report is breaking new ground.

“This is the first report I’ve seen that has included people who are completely normal and have been predicted with some accuracy and who would have problems years later,” he said.

The hope is to expand the Alzheimer’s work to find subtle changes in language use by people who have no obvious symptoms but who will later develop other neurological disorders.

Each neurological disorder results in unique language changes that are likely to occur long before the time of diagnosis, said Dr. Murray Grossman, professor of neurology at the University of Pennsylvania and director of the university’s frontotemporal dementia center.

He has studied speech in patients with a type of behavior called frontotemporal dementia, a disorder caused by progressive loss of nerves in the frontal lobes of the brain. These patients exhibit apathy and a decline in judgment, self-control, and empathy that have proven difficult to quantify objectively.

The language is different, said Dr. Grossman because change can be measured.

At the onset of this disease, the pace of speech of the patients changes, with the pauses seemingly being distributed at random. The use of words is also changing – patients use less abstract words.

These changes are directly related to changes in the frontotemporal parts of the brain, said Dr. Grossman. And they seem to be universal, not just in English.

Dr. Adam Boxer, director of the neuroscience clinical research unit at the University of California at San Francisco, is also studying frontotemporal dementia. His tool is a smartphone app. His subjects are healthy people who have inherited a genetic predisposition to develop the disease. His method is to show the subjects a picture and ask them to take a description of what they see.

“We want to measure changes very early, five to ten years before symptoms appear,” he said.

“The beauty of smartphones,” added Dr. Boxer added, “is that you can do all kinds of things.” Researchers can ask people to talk for a minute about something that happened that day or repeat sounds like tatatatata.

Dr. Boxer said he and others focused on speaking because they wanted tests that were non-invasive and inexpensive.

Dr. Cheryl Corcoran, a psychiatrist at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, hopes that language changes will help predict which adolescents and young adults at high risk for schizophrenia may develop the disease.

Drugs used to treat schizophrenia can help those who will develop the disease, but the challenge is identifying who the patients will be. A quarter of people with occasional symptoms saw them go away, and about a third never developed schizophrenia, even though their occasional symptoms persisted.

Guillermo Cecchi, an IBM researcher who was also involved in recent Alzheimer’s research, studied the speech of 34 patients by Dr. Corcoran in search of a “flight of ideas”, that is, the cases in which patients got off track in different ways when speaking and splitting off ideas. He also searched for “language poverty”, which means the use of simple syntactic structures and short sentences.

In addition, Dr. Cecchi and his colleagues found another small group of 96 patients in Los Angeles, 59 of whom had occasional delusions. The rest were healthy people and those with schizophrenia. He asked these people to tell a story they had just heard and looked for the same tell-tale language patterns.

In both groups, the artificial intelligence program was able to predict with an accuracy of 85 percent which subjects would develop schizophrenia three years later.

“It was a lot of small studies that found the same signals,” said Dr. Corcoran. At that point she said, “We haven’t gotten to the point where we can tell people whether they are at risk or not.”

Dr. Cecchi is encouraged, although he finds the studies are still in their infancy.

“Getting the science right and to scale is a priority for us,” he said. “We should have a lot more samples. There are more than 60 million psychiatric interviews in the US each year, but none of these interviews use the tools we have. “

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EU’s vaccine export controls might harm world vaccine provide

The decision of the EU to carry out export controls for coronavirus vaccines is “extremely problematic” according to experts. They warned that if other countries followed suit, this could lead to a collapse in global supply.

“There is a real risk that the EU making this decision could set off a cascade in other countries to introduce export bans (vaccines),” said Suerie Moon, co-director of the Graduate Institute of the Global Health Center in Geneva, on Monday opposite CNBC.

“There is a real risk that the cross-border movement of vaccines will collapse, just as it did a year ago when countries including the EU blocked exports of food and even masks and other essential medical supplies. This is catastrophic internationally.”

In the worst case, she said, “The greatest risk is that this will be an example that many other countries will follow and that will lead to a collapse in the global vaccine supply.”

Export controls

The people lining up outside the Belgrade Fair to receive the China-made Sinopharm Covid-19 vaccine became a vaccination center on January 25, 2021.

ANDREJ ISAKOVIC | AFP | Getty Images

While insisting that the measure is not an “export ban”, Member States can restrict exports of block-made coronavirus vaccines if they believe the vaccine maker has failed to respect existing contracts with the EU.

It contains exceptions for a large number of countries outside the EU but within Europe, such as Albania and Serbia, a number of countries in North Africa and one of the 92 low and middle income countries that fall under the COVAX initiative.

Moon said: “The EU has certainly put in some pressure valves to allow exports to certain countries in the world, but there are still many countries that rely heavily on EU production and are seriously injured.” . “

The bloc made the announcement amid heightened concerns and ugly public disputes with vaccine manufacturers over insufficient supplies to the bloc.

Vaccine maker Pfizer announced that it would temporarily cut production of its shot, developed with German biotechnology BioNTech, as it modernized manufacturing facilities in Belgium, while AstraZeneca dealt a blow to the EU by announcing it would deliver far fewer vaccine doses than that originally expected in the first quarter, citing problems in the Dutch and Belgian plants.

The delays put pressure on the European Commission, which has already been criticized for its lack of speed in ordering and approving vaccines and introducing vaccines.

The move to introduce export controls caused a stir, especially in the UK after a week of simmering tensions over shipments of the AstraZeneca vaccine, which is also manufactured at two UK sites.

The EU had indicated that supplies were to be diverted from the UK plants to Europe, which sparked a dispute with the drug manufacturer and the UK government. It escalated to the point where the EU said it would override part of the Brexit deal to prevent EU-made vaccines from potentially entering the UK via Northern Ireland.

This decision was reversed shortly after a public outcry, including from the World Health Organization, warning of the dangers of “vaccine nationalism”. The EU assured the UK that it would receive vaccines from the block.

Pandora’s box

Simon J. Evenett, professor of international trade and economic development at the University of St. Gallen, said on Monday that the EU’s move was tantamount to opening the “Pandora’s box” and could have unforeseen consequences.

He said the restrictions could cause concern to foreign governments for a number of reasons, including the fact that the “standard for authorizing the export of Covid-19 vaccines is unclear” and that these decisions “can be arbitrary”. He also pointed out that it shouldn’t expire on March 31, 2021 as promised.

Evenett warned that the move “could spread down the supply chain for Covid-19 vaccines to include key ingredients needed to manufacture and distribute the vaccines,” and even to export restrictions on other essential goods such as food, energy and Energy could lead to other drugs.

CSL staff will be working in the laboratory on November 08, 2020 in Melbourne, Australia, where they will begin manufacturing the AstraZeneca-Oxford University’s COVID-19 vaccine.

Darrian Traynor | Getty Images

Such scenarios “would exacerbate the damage being done to both the EU public health systems and its multinationals,” he said.

“A disruption in vaccine supply chains will slow vaccine rates in the EU and elsewhere, leading to unnecessary deaths and an even slower economic recovery. If the European Commission realizes that it is going to open Pandora’s box, it may find an elegant way to pull it back of the export control regime for the Covid-19 regime, “he said.

“This would allow the EU to regain its reputation as a defender of multilateralism and the rules-based global trading system. This morning that reputation is in tatters.”