Categories
Business

company criticized, retail staff say it makes them vaccine ‘police’

New York University and New School graduates are seen under Washington Square Arch in Washington Square Park in New York City on May 13, 2021.

Brendan McDermid | Reuters

Disney quickly announced that it plans to further increase capacity limits at its U.S. theme parks a few hours after the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced relaxed mask guidelines for the U.S. on Thursday.

“”[It’s] Big news for us, especially if someone was in Florida in the middle of summer wearing a mask, “joked CEO Bob Chapek about two hours after the new recommendations were published with analysts about a profit call.

“Given the guidance today from the CDC and previous guidance we received from the Florida governor, we have already begun increasing our capacity,” he said.

According to the CDC, in most environments, whether outdoors or indoors, fully vaccinated individuals no longer need to wear a face mask or stay 6 feet away from others as per updated guidelines. It’s the first time the federal government has been encouraging people to stop wearing masks since the agency first called for face coverings more than a year ago. It marks a major turning point in the US Covid-19 pandemic and brings the country one step closer to normal. Public health experts also said the change is likely to encourage more Americans, especially those who are still reluctant to receive the shots, to get the vaccine.

However, the agency was sharply criticized for its quick turnaround. Just six weeks ago, CDC director Dr. Rochelle Walensky facing “impending doom” as daily Covid-19 cases in the US rose again. And many health and business leaders say the new recommendations are too ambiguous. It will require key personnel to monitor police vaccination protocols and will be difficult to enforce.

Vaccination police

“Under current plans, in most cases it will be impossible to get this through,” said Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, an infectious disease doctor at the University of California at San Francisco, told CNBC. “Companies, schools and event organizers may still have the option to request proof of vaccination prior to admission to certain communities or events. However, vaccination records or QR codes are not enforced at other everyday events, as is the case in other countries.”

There are some cases when fully vaccinated people still have to wear masks: traveling by plane, bus or train, as well as going to specific locations such as hospitals, nursing homes, prisons or facilities where they are needed, the agency said. The guidance of the CDC is also not mandatory. States, municipalities and corporations can decide whether or not to follow suit, adding to the confusion of many entrepreneurs and employees.

Some health and legal experts told CNBC that it would further complicate public health efforts to end the pandemic, adding that it was “almost impossible” to monitor the use of face masks because it was not known who was vaccinated is and who is not. More than half of the population still did not get the shots, they said, and risked more outbreaks from exposed, unvaccinated people.

During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in the Manhattan neighborhood of New York City, New York on May 14, 2021, people ride a maskless tour bus in Times Square.

Carlo Allegri | Reuters

“While we all share a desire to return to normal mask-free conditions, today’s CDC guidance is confusing and does not take into account how this will affect key workers who are often exposed to those who are not vaccinated and who refuse to wear masks “said Marc Perrone, President of the United Food and Commercial Workers Union, said in a statement. “Elementary workers are still being forced to play masked police for shoppers who are not vaccinated and refuse to follow local COVID safety measures. Should they become the vaccination police now?”

Creates ambiguity

Lisa LaBruno, senior executive vice president of retail stores and innovation for the Retail Industry Leaders Association, told CNBC that the new guidelines “create confusion for retailers because they don’t fully align with state and local orders.”

“These conflicting positions put retailers and their employees in incredibly difficult situations. We urge state and local governments to coordinate with the CDC as additional guidance is issued on the road to normalcy,” she said in a statement.

Beauty store chain Ulta Beauty said it has no plans to change its masking and social distancing requirements in its stores, despite actively evaluating “the impact of this updated guide on our guests and employees.” The health and safety of employees and customers have top priority.

“I hate to say it’s complicated, but it’s complicated,” said David French, lobbyist for the National Retail Federation. On the one hand, the CDC guidelines could provide more clarity, but they also make things more complex as companies don’t know who is vaccinated or not – and neither does customers.

Even with the milestone announcement, customers shouldn’t expect immediate changes in their grocery or mall, said Joel Bines, global co-head of retail practice for consulting firm AlixPartners. He said the guidelines are going to make little difference to retailers who don’t know people’s vaccination status – and most importantly, want to make sure their employees and customers don’t get sick.

“This is an extremely difficult management problem for any business that physically interacts with consumers,” he said. “There are no operating instructions for this.”

Law professor Lawrence Gostin, director of the World Health Organization’s Collaboration Center on National and Global Health Law, said the new guidelines could have “serious unforeseen consequences”.

“The public will not be comfortable shopping, dining or going to church or the gym if they have no idea whether the exposed person standing next to them is vaccinated or not,” Gostin said.

46% of the US population vaccinated

As of Thursday, more than 154 million Americans, 46.6% of the US population, had received at least one dose of a Covid vaccine, according to the CDC. Around 118 million Americans are fully vaccinated, according to the agency. The US government is working to convince more Americans to get vaccinated after the rate of fire has slowed in recent weeks.

Unlike some other countries, the US doesn’t have a system where people can prove they’ve been vaccinated. Even if there was, vaccinated people are unlikely to have their cards with them all the time, and not everyone will have digital evidence, said Dorit Reiss, a law professor at UC Hastings College of Law. Areas with high vaccination rates can likely lift mask restrictions entirely, she added.

“This is an exciting and powerful moment,” Walensky, the CDC director, told reporters at a Covid-19 briefing at the White House Thursday after announcing the new guidelines. “It could only happen because of the work of so many making sure that three safe and effective vaccines are given quickly.”

Rochelle Walensky, director of the CDC

Source: CDC | Youtube

From an epidemiological perspective, the CDC guidance means “we are in a place where we are in the best pandemic place we have ever been as a country with ongoing declines in infections, hospitalizations and deaths,” Chin said -Hong.

“The symbolic meaning is even more tangible,” he added. “Masks were the symbol of fear and political division [and] Hopefully, if we take them off, at least for people who have been vaccinated, it will mean we will return to the life we ​​were aiming for before the pandemic. “

The Nevada Gaming Control Board, which sets the rules for casinos, immediately updated its rules so The Wynn Las Vegas can simplify its own mask guidelines. The company said that as of Friday, guests and employees who are fully vaccinated will not be required to wear masks in its hotels and casinos.

Bow to pressure

Gostin and others criticized the CDC’s abrupt change in policy, saying it was bowing to pressure from the public and governors to return to normal. “As a result, CDC is significantly changing its guidelines, moving from excessive caution to all caution,” he said, adding that doing so could undermine public confidence in the agency. “The public will be less likely to rely on CDC guidelines if they feel like the agency is being pushed around.”

On Friday, Walensky defended the timing of the new leadership. In the past two weeks, daily Covid cases have decreased by more than a third, and vaccinations are now widespread in most places in the United States. She added the guidelines “empower” people to make choices about their own health and urge them not to be vaccinated to people who do not run the risk of going out exposed.

If there are multiple people in an exposed room, the vaccinated will be protected from Covid, she said.

New scientific evidence shows people who are vaccinated are protected and have “very little risk of spreading Covid to other people,” even with some variants that appear to affect the vaccine’s effectiveness, she said on CBS This Morning.

– CNBC’s Nadine El-Bawab, Sarah Whitten, and Michael Wayland contributed to this article.

Correction: This article has been updated to reflect that Dr. Peter Chin-Hong is an Infectious Disease Physician at the University of California at San Francisco.

Categories
Health

Political ideology is actual cause folks stay unvaccinated, says Dr. Peter Hotez

Dr. Peter Hotez argued that the real reason some Americans don’t get vaccinated is because of their political ideology.

“They unfortunately tie their political loyalty to the political right. And we see this in the bottom ten states in terms of vaccination rates,” which is half the coverage in the top ten states, said Hotez, co-director of the Center for Vaccine Development at Texas Children’s Hospital.

The ten states with the highest rate of residents receiving at least one dose of Covid-19 vaccine also voted for President Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election. Polls show that more than 40% of Republicans don’t plan to be vaccinated.

Hotez told CNBC’s The News with Shepard Smith that regional summer flare-ups in states with lower vaccination rates could lead the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to urge Americans to wear masks again.

The CDC on Thursday relaxed mask guidelines for the US, saying that fully vaccinated people no longer need to wear a face mask or stay 6 feet away from others in most environments, whether outdoors or indoors.

The updated guidelines have received widespread criticism, but Hotez said this was because the new guidelines arrived earlier than expected.

“I was expecting it sometime in June, so it’s a couple of weeks early,” said Hoetz. “I think it will be fine. But I think the shops, the corporations and the universities need a little time to get information and have internal discussions.”

Categories
World News

Britain Altering Protocols to Fight Virus Variant

Credit…Justin Tallis/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

LONDON — Prime Minister Boris Johnson of Britain said on Friday that vaccination protocols would be changed to swiftly deliver second doses to people over 50-years-old to combat the spread of a coronavirus variant first detected in India, a warning sign for countries that are easing restrictions even though their own vaccination campaigns are incomplete.

“We believe this variant is more transmissible than the previous ones,” Mr. Johnson said. What remained unclear, he said, was by how much. The infectiousness of the variant first detected in India remains the subject of intense study and some leading experts have said it is too early to assess its transmissibility.

If it proves significantly more transmissible, he said, “we face some hard choices.” He added that there was no evidence that the variant was more likely to cause serious illness and death, and there was no evidence to suggest vaccines were less effective against the variant in preventing serious illness and death.

While he said the country would not delay plans to ease restrictions on Monday, he warned that the spread of the variant could force the government to change course.

“This new variant could pose a serious disruption to our progress,” he said at a news conference on Friday.

The numbers of cases involving the variant, known as B.1.617, rose from 520 last week to 1,313 cases this week in Britain, according to official statistics.

The extent to which the variant has spread globally is unclear, because most countries lack the genomic surveillance capabilities employed in England.

That surveillance capability has allowed health officials in Britain to spot the rise of concerning variants more quickly than other nations, offering an early warning system of sorts as a variant seen in one nation almost invariably pops up in others.

Most cases detected in Britain are in northwestern England. The focus has been on Bolton, a town of nearly 200,000 that has one of the country’s highest rates of infection and where health officials have warned of widespread community transmission of the B.1.617 variant. Some cases have also been reported in London. The rapid spread of the variant has led officials to debate speeding up dosing schedules and opening up access to shots in hot spots to younger age groups.

National restrictions in England are scheduled to be eased on Monday, with indoor dining and entertainment returning, before a full reopening in June. But officials have cautioned that those plans might be in danger.

In Scotland, First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said on Friday that plans to ease restrictions in Glasgow would be delayed at least a week out of concern about an uptick in cases that officials said may be being driven by the variant.

Much is unknown about the new variant, but scientists fear it may have driven the rise of cases in India and could fuel outbreaks in neighboring countries.

Dr. Maria Van Kerkhove, the technical lead of the World Health Organization’s coronavirus response, said a study of a limited number of patients, which had not yet been peer-reviewed, suggested that antibodies from vaccines or infections with other variants might not be quite as effective against B.1.617. The agency said, however, that vaccines were likely to remain potent enough to provide protection from serious illness and death.

British officials have said the variant appears to be more contagious than the B.1.1.7 variant, which was detected last year in Kent, southeast of London and swept across Britain in the winter, forcing the country into one of the world’s longest national lockdowns. The B.1.1.7 variant has now been found in countries around the world.

In the United States, the B.1.1.7 variant did become the predominant version of the virus, now accounting for nearly three-quarters of all cases. But the U.S. surge experts had feared ended up a mere blip in most of the country. The nationwide total of daily new cases began falling in April and has now dropped more than 85 percent from the horrific highs of January.

The B.1.617 variant has been found in virus samples from 44 countries and was designated a variant of concern by the W.H.O. this week, which means there is some evidence that it could have an impact on diagnostics, treatments or vaccines and needs to be closely monitored.

Christina Pagel, a member of a group of scientists advising the government, known as SAGE, said postponing next week’s reopening would avoid “risking more uncertainty, more damaging closures and longer recovery from a worse situation.”

“We need to learn from previous experience,” Dr. Pagel, the director of the Clinical Operational Research Unit at University College London, said on Twitter.

Britain briefly reopened its economy at the end of last year, only to abruptly impose new restrictions that remained in place for months as it fought a deadly wave of infections.

In an attempt to offer at least partial protection to as many people as quickly as possible, Britain spaced injections between doses for two-stage coronavirus vaccines up to 12 weeks after the first vaccines were approved in December. That was far longer than the three- or four-week interval employed by most other countries.

Mr. Johnson said that those older than 50 will now be able to get second doses after eight weeks.

“It is more important than ever that people get the additional protection of a second dose,” he said.

The speedy rollout saved at least 11,700 lives and prevented 33,000 people from becoming seriously ill in England, according to research released by Public Health England on Friday.

Infections, serious illness and deaths have plummeted across Britain. Only 17 deaths were reported on Friday.

But the vaccination campaign has slowed down since last month because of supply shortages and the need to start distributing second doses. The number of daily first doses on average last month was 113,000, far below the average of 350,000 daily doses administered in March.

Only those over 38-years-old are currently eligible for vaccination.

It remains unclear whether the country has the vaccine supplies on hand to move rapidly to surge more into communities around the country to speed up vaccinating younger age groups.

Correction: May 14, 2021

An earlier version of this item misstated the affiliation of Christina Pagel, a science adviser. Ms. Pagel is a member of Independent SAGE, a group of expert advisers unaffiliated with the government. She is not a member of SAGE, a panel of government advisers.

United States › United StatesOn May 14 14-day change
New cases 41,044 –32%
New deaths 732 –12%
World › WorldOn May 14 14-day change
New cases 41,044 –24%
New deaths 732 –18%

U.S. vaccinations ›

Where states are reporting vaccines given

A tour group in Manhattan the day after the federal guidance changed mask guidance for vaccinated people. New York said Thursday it was reviewing the recommendations.Credit…Benjamin Norman for The New York Times

Minnesota’s statewide mask mandate is over. But in Minneapolis, the state’s largest city, face coverings are still required.

In Michigan, Kentucky and Oregon, governors cheerily told vaccinated people that they could go out maskless. But mask mandates remained in force for New Yorkers, New Jerseyans and Californians.

So unexpected was new federal guidance on masks that in Kansas City, Mo., Mayor Quinton Lucas went from saying he would not change his mask order, to saying he would think about it, to announcing that he was getting rid of it altogether, all in the span of about seven hours.

Across the country, governors, store owners and people running errands were scrambling on Friday to make sense of the abrupt change in federal guidelines, which said fully vaccinated people could now safely go most places, indoors or outdoors, without a mask.

At least 20 states that still had mask mandates in place this week said by Friday evening that they would exempt fully vaccinated people or repeal the orders entirely, while at least five others with mask requirements had not announced any changes. The rapidly changing rules brought an end to more than a year of mandatory masking in much of the country, even as some said they were not yet ready to take off their face coverings.

“I’m going to wear a mask for a long time to come,” said Fanny Lopez, 28, who was grocery shopping in San Antonio on Friday morning while wearing a black cloth mask. “I trust the mask more than the vaccine. The government messages are confusing, telling us to wear a mask one day and the next day no.”

The sudden shift in public health advice resonated at every level of government, from City Hall in Hartsville, S.C., where a local mask mandate was allowed to expire, to Nevada’s Gaming Control Board, which said it was not practical “to attempt to enforce a mask mandate tethered to an individual’s vaccination status,” to the U.S. Capitol, where the attending physician said House members would still have to cover their faces on the floor of the chamber.

But the shift was perhaps most challenging for governors and big-city mayors, many of whom have expended significant political capital on mask orders in the face of protests and lawsuits, and who were not given a heads-up about the change in federal policy before it was announced on Thursday.

Mayor Lucas said he could not keep Kansas City’s order in place since there was no easy way to differentiate people who are fully vaccinated — now 36 percent of Americans — from the 64 percent who are not.

“While I understand the C.D.C.’s theory that they could just create a rule that says vaccinated folks go anywhere without a mask, and everybody else who’s unvaccinated will follow it, I don’t know if that’s the type of rule that was written in coordination with anyone who has been a governor or a mayor over the last 14 months,” said Mr. Lucas, a Democrat.

The new guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which came amid a steep drop in new cases and an expansion of vaccine eligibility to everyone 12 and older, signaled a shift toward pre-pandemic social norms, when no one thought twice about buying groceries or sitting down in their cubicle with a bare mouth and nose. Walmart announced on Friday that fully vaccinated employees and customers would no longer need to wear masks, and Costco issued a similar announcement.

“At least 20 times today I kept grabbing my short pockets looking for my face mask,” said Erik Darmstetter, who is fully vaccinated and owns Office Furniture Liquidations in San Antonio. “It wasn’t there. I keep forgetting we don’t need it anymore.”

Others were moving more slowly. Gov. Phil Murphy of New Jersey, a Democrat, said he would keep his state’s mask mandate in place, writing on Twitter that “we’re making incredible progress, but we’re not there yet.” And Gov. Charlie Baker of Massachusetts, a Republican, indicated he would revisit his state’s rules next week, but he did not announce any immediate changes.

When asked on Friday about how the C.D.C.’s guidelines would affect Mr. Biden’s executive order requiring masks on federal property, Jen Psaki, the White House press secretary, said at a news conference that it “may take a couple of days” to adopt the agency’s advice. She added that there are no plans to change the federal order mandating masks on public transportation.

On the question of possible vaccine passports, Ms. Psaki said the administration was prioritizing remained focused on the vaccination campaign, and that the administration was “not currently considering federal mandates,” and did not have plans to change its approach.

“We also understand that private sector companies may decide that they want to have requirements. That’s up to them to make that determination,” she said.

Administering a coronavirus shot during a vaccination day for homeless people in Montevideo, Uruguay, on Thursday.Credit…Raul Martinez/EPA, via Shutterstock

BUENOS AIRES — For most of the past year, Uruguay was held up as an example for keeping the coronavirus from spreading widely as neighboring countries grappled with soaring death tolls.

Uruguay’s good fortune has run out. In the last week, the small South American nation’s Covid-19 death rate per capita was the highest in the world, according to data compiled by The New York Times.

As of Wednesday, at least 3,252 people had died from Covid-19, according to the Uruguayan Health Ministry, and the daily death toll has been about 50 during the past week.

Six out of the 11 countries with the highest death rates per capita are in South America, a region where the pandemic is leaving a brutal toll of growing joblessness, poverty and hunger. For the most part, countries in the region have failed to acquire sufficient vaccines to inoculate their populations quickly.

Contagion rates in Uruguay began inching up in November and soared in recent months, apparently fueled by a highly contagious variant first identified in Brazil last year.

“In Uruguay, it’s as if we had two pandemics, one until November 2020, when things were largely under control, and the other starting in November, with the arrival of the first wave to the country,” said José Luis Satdjian, the deputy secretary of the Health Ministry.

The country with the second-highest death rate per capita is nearby Paraguay, which also had relative success in containing the virus for much of last year but now finds itself in a worsening crisis.

Experts link the sharp rise in cases in Uruguay to the P.1 virus variant detected in Brazil.

“We have a new player in the system and it’s the Brazilian variant, which has penetrated our country so aggressively,” Mr. Satdjian said.

Uruguay closed its borders tightly at the beginning of the pandemic, but towns along the border with Brazil are effectively binational and have remained porous.

The outbreak has strained hospitals in Uruguay, which has a population of 3.5 million.

On March 1, Uruguay had 76 Covid-19 patients in intensive care units. This week, medical professionals were caring for more than 530, according to Dr. Julio Pontet, president of the Uruguayan Society of Intensive Care Medicine who heads the intensive care department at the Pasteur Hospital in Montevideo, the capital.

That number is slightly lower than the peak in early May, but experts have yet to see a steady decline that could indicate a trend.

“It is still too early to reach the conclusion that we’ve already started to improve, we’re in a high plateau of cases,” Dr. Pontet said.

Despite the continuing high number of cases, there is optimism that the country will be able to get the situation under control soon because it is one of the few in the region that has been able to make quick progress on its vaccination campaign. About a quarter of the population has been fully immunized.

“We expect the number of serious cases to begin decreasing at the end of May,” Dr. Pontet said.

A man in Los Angeles being vaccinated in March. The C.D.C. released a study on Friday providing more evidence that the vaccines are working well in real world settings.Credit…Allison Zaucha for The New York Times

The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna coronavirus vaccines are 94 percent effective at preventing symptomatic Covid-19 illness, according to a new study of more than 1,800 health care workers in the United States.

The research, which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released on Friday, provides yet more evidence that the vaccines are working well even outside controlled clinical trials.

“This report provided the most compelling information to date that Covid-19 vaccines were performing as expected in the real world,” Dr. Rochelle Walensky, the C.D.C. director, said in a statement on Friday.

“This study, added to the many studies that preceded it, was pivotal to C.D.C. changing its recommendations for those who are fully vaccinated against Covid-19.”

The findings are based on an ongoing study of health care workers in 25 states. This interim analysis included data on 1,843 health care workers who were routinely tested for infection with the coronavirus. More than 80 percent of participants were female.

Some 623 workers tested positive between January and mid-March. Those who were fully vaccinated were 94 percent less likely to develop symptomatic coronavirus infections than their unvaccinated peers, the researchers found. The figures are consistent with the efficacy estimates from the clinical trials.

The scientists also found that a single dose of the two-shot regimen was 82 percent effective at preventing symptomatic infection. That figure is higher than has been reported in other studies and may be a result of the relative youth of the study participants, who had a median age of 37 to 38. Fewer than 2 percent were 65 or older.

C.D.C. scientists had previously found that fully vaccinated health care, frontline and essential workers were 90 percent less likely to contract the coronavirus. Those findings helped allay fears that vaccinated people might still be likely to carry the virus, even asymptomatically, and spread it to others.

The concern was one of the main rationales for asking vaccinated Americans to continue to wear masks, a recommendation that the C.D.C. lifted on Thursday.

Maj. Gen. Dany Fortin, right, with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada in Ottawa in December.Credit…Sean Kilpatrick/The Canadian Press, via Associated Press

The senior military commander who was appointed by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada last fall to oversee the distribution of Covid-19 vaccines in the country has quit that post and is now the subject of a military investigation, officials said late Friday.

In a brief, joint statement, the Department of National Defense and the Canadian Armed Forces announced Maj. Gen. Dany Fortin’s resignation but offered no details about the nature of the investigation. The department declined to comment.

Before General Fortin became Canada’s vaccine coordinator, he led military missions to help workers in long-term care homes that were overwhelmed by Covid infections. He is a former commander of the NATO mission in Iraq.

General Fortin is now the third senior leader in the Canadian Armed Forces under scrutiny. Adm. Art McDonald stepped aside as chief of the defense staff, the country’s top military job, in February after the military police opened an investigation into unspecified accusations against him. The same month, the military police also began investigating the previous chief of the defense staff, Gen. Jonathan Vance, who held the post until his retirement from the army in January.

General Vance has been accused publicly of inappropriate behavior toward female subordinates. He has denied wrongdoing.

Coronavirus test samples being readied for processing and eventual genomic sequencing at Duke University.Credit…Pete Kiehart for The New York Times

On Dec. 29, a National Guardsman in Colorado became the first known case in the United States of a contagious new variant of the coronavirus.

The variant, called B.1.1.7, had roiled Britain, was beginning to surge in Europe and threatened to do the same in the United States. And although scientists didn’t know it yet, other mutants were also cropping up around the country. They included variants that had devastated South Africa and Brazil and that seemed to be able to sidestep the immune system, as well as others homegrown in California, Oregon and New York.

This mélange of variants could not have come at a worse time. The nation was at the start of a post-holiday surge of cases that would dwarf all previous waves. And the distribution of powerful vaccines made by Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech was botched by chaos and miscommunication. Scientists warned that the variants — and B.1.1.7 in particular — might lead to a fourth wave, and that the already strained health care system might buckle.

That didn’t happen. B.1.1.7 did become the predominant version of the virus in the United States, now accounting for nearly three-quarters of all cases. But the surge experts had feared ended up a mere blip in most of the country. The nationwide total of daily new cases began falling in April and has now dropped more than 85 percent from the horrific highs of January.

Experts still see variants as a potential source of trouble in the months to come — particularly one that has battered Brazil and is growing rapidly in 17 U.S. states. But they are also taking stock of the past few months to better understand how the nation dodged the variant threat.

They point to a combination of factors — masks, social distancing and other restrictions, and perhaps a seasonal wane of infections — that bought crucial time for tens of millions of Americans to get vaccinated. They also credit a good dose of serendipity, as B.1.1.7, unlike some of its competitors, is powerless against the vaccines.

At a bookstore in San Francisco in March. Until the pandemic, there had seldom been a cultural push for mask wearing in the United States.Credit…Jim Wilson/The New York Times

Once Americans return to crowded offices, schools, buses and trains, so too will their sneezes and sniffles.

Having been introduced to the idea of wearing masks to protect themselves and others, some Americans are now considering a behavior scarcely seen in the United States but long a fixture in other cultures: routinely wearing a mask when displaying symptoms of a common cold or the flu, even in a future in which Covid-19 isn’t a primary concern.

Such routine use of masks has been common for decades in other countries, primarily in East Asia, as protection against allergies or pollution, or as a common courtesy to protect nearby people.

Leading American health officials have been divided over the benefits, partly because there is no tidy scientific consensus on the effect of masks on influenza virus transmission, according to experts who have studied it.

Nancy Leung, an epidemiologist at the University of Hong Kong, said that the science exploring possible links between masking and the emission or transmission of influenza viruses was nuanced — and that the nuances were often lost on the general public.

Changi Airport in Singapore this week. The airport outbreak began with an 88-year-old member of the airport cleaning crew who was fully vaccinated but who tested positive for the virus on May 5.Credit…Wallace Woon/EPA, via Shutterstock

SINGAPORE — Singapore said on Friday that it would ban dining in restaurants and gatherings of more than two people to try to stem a rise in coronavirus cases, becoming the latest Asian nation to reintroduce restrictions after keeping the illness mostly in check for months.

The new measures came after the city-state recorded 34 new cases on Thursday, a small number by global standards, but part of a rise in infections traced to vaccinated workers at Singapore Changi Airport.

The airport outbreak began with an 88-year-old member of the airport cleaning crew who was fully vaccinated but who tested positive for the virus on May 5. Co-workers who then became infected later visited an airport food court, where they transmitted the virus to other customers, officials said.

None of the cases linked to the airport outbreak are believed to have resulted in critical illness or death, according to officials.

In all, 46 cases have been traced to the airport, the largest of about 10 clusters of new infections in the country.

“Because we do not know how far the transmission has occurred into the community, we do have to take further, more stringent restrictions,” said Lawrence Wong, co-chair of Singapore’s coronavirus task force. The measures will be in effect for about one month beginning on Sunday.

According to preliminary testing, many of those infected were working in a zone of the airport that received flights from high-risk countries, including from South Asia. Several have tested positive for the B.1.617 variant first detected in India, which the World Health Organization has said might be more contagious than most versions of the coronavirus.

Singapore health officials said that of 28 airport workers who became infected, 19 were fully vaccinated with either the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines, the only two approved for use in Singapore.

“Unfortunately, this mutant virus, very virulent, broke through the layers of defense,” Transport Minister Ong Ye Kung told a virtual news conference on Friday.

Mr. Ong also said that the rise in cases “very likely” means that a long-delayed air travel bubble with Hong Kong would not begin as scheduled on May 26.

Singapore, a prosperous island hub of 5.7 million people, saw an explosion of infections among migrant workers living in dormitories, but a two-month lockdown and extensive testing and contact tracing contained the outbreak. Although Singapore has kept much of its economy open, its vaccination effort has not moved as quickly as many expected: less than one-quarter of the population has been fully inoculated.

Changi Airport, which served more than 68 million passengers in 2019, is operating at 3 percent of capacity as Singapore has paused nearly all incoming commercial traffic. Employees there work under strict controls, wearing protective gear and submitting to regular coronavirus tests.

Singapore joins Japan, Thailand and other Asian countries that have struggled to contain new outbreaks fueled in part by variants. But Paul Ananth Tambyah, president of the Asia Pacific Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, said that the rise in cases was not overly worrying.

“The reason for my optimism is that we now have effective vaccines, better diagnostics, proven treatments and even potential prophylactic agents,” he said. “If these are employed in a targeted approach, it is unlikely that we will end up with the same problems we had last year.”

Workers moved oxygen cylinders for transport at a factory in New Delhi on Sunday. The city has now received enough oxygen to share its supply.Credit…Atul Loke for The New York Times

After shortages in oxygen in New Delhi led to scores of people dying in hospitals, officials said there was now enough supply in the Indian capital to start sharing a surplus of the lifesaving gas to needier parts of the country.

For weeks, the New Delhi government appealed to Prime Minister Narendra Modi for a larger share of India’s oxygen reserves, with the battle for air ending up in the nation’s highest court.

On Thursday, just days after receiving the amount it had requested, New Delhi’s second-highest official, Manish Sisodia, said the city’s demand had fallen and its excess supply should be reallocated.

“The number of cases is coming down, hospital bed occupancy is coming down, and demand for oxygen, too, is down,” Mr. Sisodia told The New York Times.

It was an indication that the crisis in the capital might be reaching a peak.

The oxygen shortage in New Delhi began in April and has been linked to dozens of deaths, in and out of hospitals.

Health care facilities and crematories were overwhelmed, and medical professionals and residents were left scrambling for scarce resources.

Thousands of people in the city of 20 million stood in line at oxygen refilling stations, bringing cylinders into hospitals for friends and family or hoarding them at home in case the need arose.

The rise of new coronavirus infections in India has slowed. But, in pattern seen in nation after nation battered by the virus, death rates often plateau a few weeks later. And with the virus spreading in low-income rural areas, the overall crisis shows no sign of abating.

As of Wednesday, the official death toll surpassed 258,000, although experts suspect the true number to be much higher.

As the smoke from New Delhi crematories starts to clear, dozens of bodies have surfaced along the holy Ganges River in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

Krishna Dutt Mishra, an ambulance driver in the Bihari village of Chausa, said that poor people were disposing of bodies in the river because the cost of cremations had become prohibitively expensive.

On Friday, the Indian news media showed bodies wrapped in cloth of the saffron color, considered auspicious in Hinduism, buried in shallow graves on the sandy banks of the Ganges River in the Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh.

Priyanka Gandhi, a leader of the opposition Indian National Congress party, called for a High Court investigation, saying that what was happening in Uttar Pradesh was “inhuman and criminal.”

A woman from the Guatemalan Maya community in Lake Worth, Fla., at a Covid vaccine center last month.Credit…Saul Martinez for The New York Times

Latino adults in the United States have the lowest rates of Covid-19 vaccination, but among the unvaccinated they are the demographic group most willing to receive the Covid shots as soon as possible, a new survey shows.

The findings suggest that their depressed vaccination rate reflects in large measure misinformation about cost and access, as well as concerns about employment and immigration issues, according to the latest edition of the Kaiser Family Foundation Covid-19 Vaccine Monitor.

Earlier polls had suggested that skepticism about the vaccine was widespread among Latinos, but the latest survey showed that hesitation is declining.

Nearly 40 percent of all the unvaccinated Latinos responding to the survey said they feared they would need to produce government-issued identification to qualify. And about a third said they were afraid that getting the shot would jeopardize either their immigration status or that of a family member.

Their responses also pointed to the importance of community-based access. Nearly half said they would be more likely to be vaccinated if the shots were available at sites where they normally go for health care.

A protest in Utah last year. Some readers expressed hope that the rule change would prompt people to get vaccinated but others worried about “cheaters.”Credit…Rick Bowmer/Associated Press

Throughout the pandemic, few topics have touched so raw a nerve in the United States as mask wearing. Confrontations have erupted from state capitols to supermarket checkout aisles, and debates raged over whether mask mandates violate First Amendment rights.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provoked a flood of reaction with its announcement on Thursday that Americans who are fully vaccinated may stop wearing masks or maintaining social distance in most indoor and outdoor settings. Here’s a sampling, edited for length and clarity, of how Times readers reacted to the news on Facebook and on our website:

“I think this is a good incentive for the hesitators. Hopefully they’ll want to participate in activities (the ones that require proof of vaccination) maskless, so perhaps this will be an incentive, as they see others in the community enjoying life more.” writes Jerry B., on Facebook.

“Very, very few people have been wearing masks for the past 6 months. Covid is a real risk — I certainly don’t want it — but our cases have dropped precipitously, even with minimal masking. This announcement is welcome — the world will not end if people stop masking,” writes Stephen from Oklahoma City.

“I see the need for this policy change, but I fear that the cheaters — those who are not vaccinated but pretend to be — will be the ruin of us all,” writes Cary in Oregon.

“I have my doubts about the incentivization bit,” writes Andrew from Colorado Springs, Colo. “I figure it will simply mean that suddenly everyone’s been fully vaccinated, true or not. That said, as a double-shotted person, I figure my chances of being taken out by an anti-vaxxer are now less than my chances of being taken out by a texting driver. I’m down with that.”

“What’s to stop anti-masker/anti-vaxxer contrarians from mingling unmasked with the vaccinated population? I have little trust in this,” writes Mary Beth in Santa Fe, N.M.

“I am fully vaccinated and caught Covid anyway. I do think it made my symptoms more mild, but you can bet your bippy I’m going to be wearing my mask when I am out of quarantine.” — writes Jaime P., on Facebook.

What do you think about the guidance? Join the conversation.

Kevin Hayes contributed research.

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Business

Barbara Stone, Modeling Agent to American Beauties, Dies at 87

In 1968, Cybill Shepherd, then only 18, won the pageant.

Cheryl Tiegs, the California girl who later became a household name for Cover Girl’s makeup, was in college when she met Ms. Stone. Ford courted her too, but she picked Stewart Models because Ms. Stone reassured her:

“I was painfully shy and she was warm and took me under her wing. There were certain photographers that she said about, “No, I don’t want you to go there.” She would speak to my parents. That was helpful for the mothers, because back then we seldom picked up the phone and called home.

“Barbara let me be who I was,” continued Ms. Tiegs, “which I found uncomfortable and shy. Much later, when I went to Ford because Barbara was turning away from her business, I sent her a letter to let her know. I knew if I saw her in person she would talk me out of it, and I wasn’t strong enough to beat Barbara Stone. “

Barbara Sue Thorbahn was born in Philadelphia on November 20, 1933. Her father Stewart was a newspaper reporter and editor; Her mother Alice (McGinley) Thorbahn was a housewife.

Barbara grew up in Swarthmore and graduated from Swarthmore High School, where she was most likely voted for success, before attending Gettysburg College. An early marriage to George Frederic Pelham III ended in divorce. In 1964 she married Richard Stone, who was then an illustrator and later a commercial director and painter. He survived her along with her daughter and a son, Lucas.

Ms. Stone left the modeling business in the mid-1970s. She ran a production company for a while, doing short beauty spots for television. She also worked for Maybelline and was a brief real estate agent. From 1996 to 2003 she published a literary magazine, Hampton Shorts, which included short stories by writers such as Bruce Jay Friedman, Judith Rossner, Joseph Heller, and Spalding Gray.

In her modeling days – when she was “the vice president” of her agency, as a male reporter for The Daily News once described her – she and her husband lived in El Dorado in Central Park West and without exception one or more of them would be their models stay, an in-loco Parentis arrangement that was beginning to affect Ms. Stone’s real family.

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Entertainment

Curtis Fuller, a Highly effective Voice on Jazz Trombone, Dies at 88

Curtis Fuller, a trombonist and composer whose expansive sound and powerful swing made him a driving force in post-war jazz, died on May 8 in a Detroit nursing home. He was 88 years old.

His daughter Mary Fuller confirmed the death but did not give the cause.

Mr. Fuller came to New York in the spring of 1957 and almost immediately became the leading trombonist of the hard-bop movement, which emphasized jazz’s roots in blues and gospel while delivering crisp and humble melodies.

By the end of the year he had recorded no fewer than eight albums as a leader or co-leader for the independent labels Blue Note, Prestige and Savoy.

In the same year he also appeared on saxophonist John Coltrane’s “Blue Train”, one of the most famous albums in jazz, on which Mr. Fuller developed a series of timeless solos. On the title track, which is now a jazz standard, its trombone plays a central role in carrying the bold, declarative Melody.

Mr. Fuller’s five-choir solo in “Blue Train” begins by playing the final notes of trumpeter Lee Morgan’s improvisation, as if curiously picking up an object a friend had just put down. Then he moves through a spontaneous repertoire of syncopated phrases and skillfully crafted flourishes.

In his book, Jazz From Detroit (2019), critic Mark Stryker wrote, “The excitement, authority, and construction of Fuller’s solo explain why he became a major influencer.”

Mr. Fuller was also responsible for naming “Moment’s Notice”, another now classic Coltrane composition on this album. “I made a comment,” Fuller said in a 2007 interview for the National Endowment for the Arts, recalling the scene at the Van Gelder Studio in New Jersey. ‘John, you put this music on us in no time. We have three hours to rehearse this music and we are going to record? ‘And that became the title of the song. “

Mr. Fuller carried his talent for a precisely set melody and for elegantly tracing the harmonic seams of a melody into his work as a composer. His many original pieces include “À La Mode”, “Arabia” and “Buhaina’s Delight”, all of which are now considered standards.

These three pieces found their way into the repertoire of drummer Art Blakey’s Jazz Messengers, Hard Bop’s flagship ensemble, of which Mr. Fuller was a core member from the early to mid-1960s. The band was arguably at its peak in those years when their membership included trumpeter Freddie Hubbard, saxophonist Wayne Shorter, pianist Cedar Walton, and bassist Jymie Merritt (later replaced by Reggie Workman).

“I owe Art Blakey a lot in many ways,” said Fuller. “We were all driven by the fact that he encouraged us all to write. There was no leader. “

In 2007, Mr. Fuller was named NEA Jazz Master, the country’s highest official award for a living jazz musician.

In addition to his daughter Mary, seven other children survive, Ronald, Darryl, Gerald, Dellaney, Wellington, Paul and Anthony; nine grandchildren; and 13 great-grandchildren. His first marriage to Judith Patterson ended in divorce. His second wife, Catherine Rose Driscoll, died in 2010 after 30 years of marriage.

Curtis DuBois Fuller was born on December 15, 1932 in Detroit. (His year of birth was incorrectly stated throughout his life – a discrepancy that was not resolved until after his death – in part because at 17 he had exaggerated his age by two years and could enter the world of work.)

His father John, who was from Jamaica, worked at a Ford Motor Company plant but died of tuberculosis before Curtis was born. His mother, Antoinette (Heath) Fuller, a housewife, had come north from Atlanta. She died when Curtis was 9 years old and he spent the next several years in a Jesuit orphanage.

During his mother’s lifetime, she paid for Curtis’ sister Mary to take piano lessons. He listened through the wall and learned the basics of second hand music. He showed interest in the violin at the orphanage, but became discouraged after a teacher told him it was an unsuitable instrument for blacks.

Shortly thereafter, he saw JJ Johnson, the leading trombonist of Bebop, in concert with saxophonist Illinois Jacquet, and he was fascinated by the “majestic sound” of the trombone, he said in an interview with Mr. Stryker.

“Illinois Jacquet was an act: honking and screaming, biting reeds, squeaking and such. The crowd was going to go wild, ”said Mr. Fuller. “But JJ just stood there and played and he looked like the guy who really knew what he was doing.”

He was also impressed by the local trombonist, Frank Rosolino, whom he soon heard performing and who became his teacher. He met a group of young jazz musicians in Detroit, many of whom were destined for jazz notoriety, including pianist Barry Harris and guitarist Kenny Burrell.

“It was like a network in Detroit. We generally stuck together, “he said in 2007.” There was a lot of love and real closeness. “

in the In 1953, Mr. Fuller was drafted into the army, where he joined one of the last all-black military bands, the other members of which were future stars Cannonball Adderley and Junior Mance.

After leaving the armed forces, he returned to the Detroit scene before traveling to New York in 1957 with saxophonist Yusef Lateef’s band. When Miles Davis offered him a job, he decided to stay.

Playing with Davis led to his meeting two particularly important people: Coltrane, the band’s tenor saxophonist, and Alfred Lion, a founder of Blue Note Records, who heard Mr. Fuller on stage with Davis’ band and invited him for the Record label.

As he made a name for himself as a band leader, Mr. Fuller also found work alongside celebrity musicians such as Billie Holiday, Dizzy Gillespie and James Moody.

Holiday, who became a mentor, encouraged him to consider the range and tempo of his own voice when improvising. “When I came to New York, I always tried to impress people and play long solos as quickly as possible – lightning fast,” Fuller said in 2007. “And suddenly Billie Holiday said, ‘When you’re playing, you’re talking to me People. So learn how to edit your thing you know ‘ That I have learned. “

In 1959 Savoy released The Curtis Fuller Jazztet, a lively album that featured saxophonist and composer Benny Golson. Soon afterwards, Mr. Golson and the trumpeter Art Farmer formed their own band under the name Jazztet with Mr. Fuller as a side musician. It would be one of the epitome of the 1960s jazz ensemble, but Mr. Fuller soon moved on to other endeavors. (He and Mr. Golson remained close friends until his death.)

The untimely death of Coltrane, who was also a dear friend, and Mr. Fuller’s sister in 1967 plunged him into a depression, and he left the music business and took a job at the Chrysler Corporation in downtown Manhattan. But about a year later, Gillespie persuaded Mr. Fuller to join his band on a world tour, and he re-entered the jazz scene for good.

In the mid-1970s he spent two years in Count Basie’s orchestra and again directed his own ensembles.

In the 1990s, he survived a battle with lung cancer (although he had never smoked) and had part of a lung removed. He spent two years reinventing his trombone technique to accommodate his impaired breathing ability. He succeeded and released a number of well-received albums in the late 1990s and 2000s.

But as his health continued to deteriorate, he devoted himself more to teaching, transferring to faculty at Hartford University’s Hartt School of Music and the Kennedy Center’s Betty Carter Jazz Ahead program.

When asked in 2007 to describe the distinctive sound that had so indelibly shaped jazz, Mr. Fuller mentioned the importance of accepting one’s own identity. “I’m trying to be warm. Warm and effective, you know. And sometimes I feel cold and defective, ”he said. “This is how water runs. I am not God, I am not perfection. I’m just me “

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New Jersey will nonetheless require masks indoors regardless of new CDC pointers

Phil Murphy, New Jersey Governor, second from left, greets the police sergeant during a tour of the Morris County’s Covid-19 vaccination facility at Townsquare Mall in Rockaway, New Jersey, USA, on Friday, January 8, 2021.

Sarah Blesener | Bloomberg | Getty Images

New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy said Friday that the state had maintained its mandate on inner masks despite newly relaxed guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The CDC updated its guidelines on Thursday stating that it is safe for fully vaccinated Americans to throw away their masks in most environments, whether indoors or outdoors.

While fully vaccinated New Jersey residents can remove their masks outdoors, Murphy said those who are not vaccinated should continue to wear masks outdoors when in “close proximity” to others.

The New Jersey outbreak, which peaked in January with a 7-day average of more than 6,000 new cases per day, has since subsided to a daily average of around 500 cases last week.

The announcement comes when other states decide whether to include new CDC guidelines in state policies.

Hawaii Governor David Ige said his state’s mask mandate will remain in effect for anyone vaccinated or unvaccinated, despite the CDC’s new recommendations. Hawaii had its highest 7-day average of about 250 cases per day in late August. There are currently fewer than 90 new cases recorded on average each day.

Texas lifted its mask mandate in March before the CDC announced it by two months. Texas hit a seven-day high averaging more than 23,000 cases in January, just two months before it lifted its mask mandate. In the past week, an average of just over 2,200 new cases were registered each day.

The Texas Department of Health told CNBC that the agency has agreed to the new CDC guidelines and is currently updating its recommendations.

New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said the state is reviewing its mask work with experts from neighboring states following the new CDC recommendations. New York state reported a high of nearly 17,000 cases averaging seven days in January. A little over 2,000 cases are currently recorded daily.

In New York City, Mayor Bill de Blasio hailed the move as a “monumental day in the fight against Covid-19” and said the city was reviewing its own guidelines.

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Health

Why the CDC Modified Its Recommendation on Masks

The advice from federal health officials that fully vaccinated people could drop their masks in most situations took Americans, from state officials to scientific experts, by surprise. Even the White House has been notified less than a day in advance by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, press secretary Jen Psaki said at a news conference on Friday.

“The CDC, the doctors and medical experts there, have determined what these guidelines will look like based on their own data and the schedule,” said Ms. Psaki. “That wasn’t a White House decision.”

For months, federal officials have been vigorously warning that wearing masks and social distancing are necessary to contain the pandemic. So what has changed?

Dr. Rochelle P. Walensky, CDC director, presented the new recommendations on Thursday, citing two recent scientific findings as key factors: Few vaccinated people become infected with the virus, and transmission appears to be even less common. and the vaccines appear to be effective against all known variants of the coronavirus.

At this point there is no doubt that the vaccines are strong. On Friday, the CDC released results from another major study showing that the vaccines manufactured by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna are 94 percent effective in fully vaccinated patients and 82 percent effective in partially vaccinated patients.

“The science is pretty clear on this,” said Zoë McLaren, a health policy expert at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. There is growing evidence to suggest that vaccinated people are very unlikely to catch or transmit the virus, she noted.

The risk “is definitely not zero, but it is clear that it is very small,” she said.

One of the scientists’ lingering concerns was that even a vaccinated person could carry the virus – perhaps briefly, with no symptoms – and spread it to others. However, CDC research, including the new study, consistently found few infections in those who received the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines.

“This study, which was added to the many previous studies, was instrumental in changing the CDC’s recommendations for those fully vaccinated against Covid-19,” said Dr. Walensky in a statement on Friday.

Other recent studies confirm that people infected after vaccination carry too few viruses to infect others, said Florian Krammer, a virologist at the Icahn School of Medicine on Mount Sinai.

“It’s really difficult to even sequence the virus sometimes because there is very little virus and it is there for a short period of time,” he said.

Still, most of the data was collected on the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, warned Dr. Krammer. Because the Johnson & Johnson vaccine was later approved, there are fewer studies evaluating its effectiveness.

In clinical trials, the Johnson & Johnson vaccine was 72 percent effective – less than the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. Efficacy was measured against moderate and severe illness rather than mild illness.

“It’s a very good vaccine and I’m sure it will save many, many, many lives,” said Dr. Krammer. “But we need more data on how well the J. & J. vaccine prevents infection and how well it prevents transmission. “

Variants of the virus have been of particular concern to scientists. While Dr. Walensky citing evidence that the mRNA vaccines like those from Pfizer and Moderna are effective against the variants circulating in the US, there is little data on variants and the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. And new variants are constantly emerging.

“I’m not saying at all that this is a big problem now,” said Dr. Krammer. But before I lifted the masking requirements, “I might have waited a little longer to look at the numbers.”

Updated

May 14, 2021 at 11:12 p.m. ET

In a statement on Friday, a CDC spokesman said: “All approved vaccines offer strong protection against serious illness, hospitalization and death. We are collecting data that our approved vaccines are effective against the variants circulating in this country. ”

Fully immunized people are unlikely to get seriously ill even if infected with the coronavirus. The risk of infection is greater for those around them – unvaccinated children and adults, or vaccinated people who are left unprotected due to illness or treatment.

CDC officials said they weighed these factors and are confident about assessing the science. And the new advice has other beneficial effects: It rewards fully vaccinated people by giving them permission to end their social isolation – and possibly encouraging others to choose to vaccinate.

The new advice “signals that we are really at the last stretch here, and I think that is a very good thing for people,” said Dr. Joshua Sharfstein, the vice dean of public health practice and community involvement at the Bloomberg School of Johns Hopkins University Health.

“It is unlikely that we will see another large spike in some cases,” he added. “But will the last stretch take weeks or months is still a question.”

The difficulty with the new recommendations, he and other experts said, is less the science that underpins them than their implementation.

Executives at the state, city and county level still have the authority to require masks for people who have been vaccinated, as the CDC quickly confirmed on Thursday. Following the agency’s announcement, some states immediately lifted the mask mandates, while others said they would need more time to weigh the evidence.

In states without a mask mandate, shopkeepers, restaurant workers, school officials and workplace managers must check vaccination status.

“Without a means of checking vaccination, we have to rely on an honor system,” said Caitlin Rivers, an epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins University.

The number of cases in the country is the lowest since September, and many experts are supporting the lifting of mask mandates across much of the country. But this will be riskier in places like Michigan, where there are more cases and for people who are unprotected, including children under the age of 12 and people with weak immune systems, said Dr. Rivers.

“People who are not vaccinated should continue to wear masks indoors in public and avoid crowds,” she said.

In Nacogdoches, Texas, Dr. Ahammed Hashim that only 36 percent of the population were vaccinated and the pace seemed to have stalled. Yet only one or two in ten people in local shops wore masks.

“I think the CDC could send the wrong message that everything is fine,” said Dr. Hashim, a pulmonologist. “It would feel a lot better if we had a 60 or 70 percent vaccination.”

The CDC guidelines are aimed at fully vaccinated individuals and should only be interpreted as such, warned Dr. Sharpstein. Nationwide, only 36 percent of the population are fully vaccinated.

“What we are seeing right now is a small gap between advice that is perfectly appropriate for people who have been vaccinated and the fact that there are places where virus transmission still takes place and a lot of people who are not vaccinated. ” he said.

Individuals can make decisions based on their perception of their own risks, but state and local leaders must decide what is best for the community based on the rate of infection. “These are two different things,” said Dr. Sharpstein. “And when they get into conflict, people can make bad judgments about politics.”

The new guidelines should remind health authorities to expand their reach and investment to ensure everyone has access to vaccines, said Dr. McLaren. Parents of children under the age of 12 should continue to encourage them to wear masks around the house.

The CDC’s new policy also shifts responsibility to immunocompromised people to protect themselves from exposed and unvaccinated people.

“When we make politics, we have to balance everyone’s needs and wants,” said Dr. McLaren. “We could mask forever, but there are benefits in going back to a life that looks more normal.”

Health officials should emphasize that the situation may still change, and official recommendations on that, she added, “We really need to practice being responsive to changing situations.”

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Business

Colonial Pipeline Hack Reveals Weaknesses in US Cybersecurity

For years, government officials and industry executives have been running in-depth simulations of a targeted cyberattack on the US power grid or gas pipeline and imagining how the country would react.

But when the real moment came when it wasn’t an exercise, it didn’t look like the war games.

The attacker was not a terrorist group or a hostile state such as Russia, China or Iran, as was assumed in the simulations. It was a criminal blackmail ring. The aim was not to disrupt the economy by taking a pipeline offline, but rather to save company data as a ransom.

The most visible impact – long lines of nervous drivers at gas stations – resulted not from a government response but from a decision by the victim Colonial Pipeline, which controls nearly half of the gasoline, jet fuel and diesel flowing on the east coast, to turn the spigot. This was done out of concern that the malware that had infected their back office functions could make it difficult to bill for the fuel delivered down the pipeline or even spread to the pipeline’s operating system.

What happened next was a vivid example of the difference between table simulations and the cascade of consequences that can follow even a relatively straightforward attack. The episode aftermath is still playing out, but some of the lessons are already clear, showing how far the government and the private sector must go to prevent and manage cyberattacks and put in place fast backup systems in case that critical Infrastructures fail.

In this case, the long-held belief that the pipeline’s operations were completely isolated from the data systems locked down by DarkSide, a gang of ransomware believed to be operating out of Russia, proved false. And the company’s decision to shut down the pipeline sparked a series of dominoes, including panic buying at the pumps and silent fear within the government that the damage could spread quickly.

A confidential assessment by the ministries of energy and homeland security found that the country could only afford three to five days if the colonial pipeline was shut down before buses and other local transport had to cut operations due to the lack of diesel fuel. Chemical plants and refineries would also be shut down as there was no way to sell what they produced, the report said.

And while President Biden’s advisors announced efforts to find alternative ways to get gasoline and jet fuel to the east coast, none were immediately available. There was a shortage of truck drivers and tankers for trains.

“Every fragility has been exposed,” said Dmitri Alperovitch, co-founder of CrowdStrike, a cybersecurity company and now chairman of the Silverado Policy Accelerator think tank. “We learned a lot about what could go wrong. Unfortunately our opponents too. “

The list of lessons is long. Colonial, a private company, may have thought it had an impermeable protective wall, but it was easy to break through. Even after paying the extortionists nearly $ 5 million in digital currency to recover their data, the company found that the process of decrypting its data and turning the pipeline back on was excruciatingly slow, which means it is still It will be days before the east coast comes back to normal.

“It’s not like flicking a light switch,” Biden said Thursday, noting that the 5,500-mile pipeline had never been shut down before.

For the administration, the event was a dangerous week in crisis management. Mr Biden told the aides it was remembered that nothing could cause political damage faster than television images of gas pipes and soaring prices, with the inevitable comparison to Jimmy Carter’s worst moments as president.

Mr Biden feared the situation would raise concerns that the economic recovery is still fragile and inflation will rise if the pipeline is not restarted, the panic subsides and the price cut is nipped in the bud.

In addition to the numerous measures to promote oil traffic on trucks, trains and ships, Mr Biden published a long-standing regulation that aims to prescribe changes in cybersecurity for the first time.

And he suggested that he was ready to take steps the Obama administration hesitated during the 2016 election campaigns – direct measures to repel the attackers.

“We will also be pursuing a measure to compromise its operability,” said Biden, a line suggesting that the United States Cyber ​​Command, the military’s cyberwarfare force, had authority to take DarkSide out of circulation like another ransomware group in the fall before the presidential election.

Hours later, the group’s website went dark. Early Friday, DarkSide and several other ransomware groups, including Babuk, who hacked the Washington DC Police Department, announced they were getting out of the game.

Darkside alluded to disruptive actions by an unspecified law enforcement agency, although it was not clear whether this was the result of US action or pressure from Russia ahead of Mr Biden’s expected summit with President Vladimir V. Putin. And the silence could have simply expressed a decision by the ransomware gang to thwart retaliation by potentially suspending their operations.

The Pentagon’s Cyber ​​Command referred questions to the National Security Council, which refused to comment.

The episode highlighted the emergence of a new “mixed threat” that may emanate from cybercriminals but is often tolerated and sometimes encouraged by a nation that views the attacks as serving their interests. That is why Mr Biden singled out Russia – not as the culprit, but as a nation that is home to more ransomware groups than any other country.

“We do not believe that the Russian government was involved in this attack, but we have strong reasons to believe that the criminals who carried out this attack live in Russia,” said Biden. “We spoke in direct communication with Moscow about the need for responsible countries to take action against these ransomware networks.”

With Darkside’s systems down, it’s unclear how Mr Biden’s government would take further revenge beyond possible charges and sanctions that Russian cybercriminals have not previously deterred. Fighting back with a cyber attack also carries the risk of escalation.

The government must also expect much of America’s critical infrastructure to be owned and operated by the private sector and still ripe for attack.

“This attack showed how bad our resilience is,” said Kiersten E. Todt, executive director of the nonprofit Cyber ​​Readiness Institute. “We are rethinking the threat if we still don’t lay the foundations to secure our critical infrastructure.”

The good news, some officials said, was that the Americans received a wake-up call. Congress faced the reality that the federal government lacks the power to require a minimum level of cybersecurity from the companies that control more than 80 percent of the country’s critical infrastructure.

The bad news is that American opponents – not just superpowers, but also terrorists and cyber criminals – are learning how little it takes to wreak havoc in a large part of the country, even if they don’t break into the core of the electricity grid or the operational control systems, moving gasoline, water, and propane across the country.

Something as basic as a well-designed ransomware attack can easily do the trick while providing plausible denial to states like Russia, China, and Iran, which often appeal to outsiders for sensitive cyber operations.

It remains a mystery how Darkside first broke into Colonial’s business network. The privately owned company has said practically nothing, at least in public, about how the attack unfolded. It waited four days before having significant conversations with the administration, an eternity during a cyberattack.

Cybersecurity experts also note that the Colonial Pipeline never should have shut down its pipeline if it had had more confidence in the separation between its business network and pipeline operations.

“There should definitely be a separation between data management and the actual operating technology,” said Ms. Todt. “For a company that ships 45 percent of its gas to the east coast, frankly, it is inexcusable not to do the basics.”

Other pipeline operators in the US employ advanced firewalls between their data and their operations that only allow data to flow out of the pipeline in one direction and prevent a ransomware attack from spreading.

Colonial Pipeline did not indicate whether this level of security was provided in their pipeline. Industry analysts say many critical infrastructure operators say that installing such one-way gateways along a 5,500-mile pipeline can be complicated or prohibitively expensive. Others say the cost of providing these protections is still cheaper than the losses from potential downtime.

Detering ransomware criminals, whose number and audacity has increased in recent years, will certainly be more difficult than deterring nations. But this week made the urgency clear.

“It’s all fun and games when we steal each other’s money,” said Sue Gordon, former deputy chief director for national intelligence and longtime CIA analyst specializing in cyber issues, at a conference hosted by The Cipher Brief, an online intelligence agency Newsletter. “If we play around with the functioning of a society, we cannot tolerate it.”

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Health

Walmart, Costco drop masks requirement for vaccinated clients, workers

Exterior view of a Walmart store on August 23, 2020 in North Bergen, New Jersey. Walmart saw profits jump in the most recent quarter as e-commerce sales soared during the coronavirus pandemic.

VIEW press | Corbis News | Getty Images

Walmart and Costco said Friday that customers who are fully vaccinated against Covid-19 are not required to wear a mask in their stores unless required by state or local law.

In a memo sent to employees, the country’s largest retailer and employer announced that the change to its mask policy will take effect immediately in Walmart stores and Sam’s Club members’ warehouse. As of Tuesday, employees who are fully vaccinated will not be required to wear a mask when working in their shops, offices or other facilities.

The memo was from John Furner, CEO of Walmart US; Kath McLay, CEO of Sam’s Club; and Dr. Cheryl Pegus, Walmart’s executive vice president of health and wellness.

According to its website, Costco began allowing fully vaccinated members and guests to enter non-masked jurisdictions without a face mask or face shield on Friday. Face covers are still required in healthcare facilities such as the pharmacy, optical areas, and hearing aid areas of Costco.

New guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released Thursday said that in most cases, whether indoors or outdoors, fully vaccinated people do not need to wear a mask or stay 6 feet away from others. People are considered fully vaccinated two weeks after receiving the second dose of Pfizer BioNTech or Moderna vaccines, or the single dose from Johnson & Johnson.

Walmart said it offers a monetary incentive and the freedom to work mask-free to vaccinate more employees.

“We encourage all employees to get vaccinated and end this pandemic,” they said in the memo. “Do it for your health, your family, your friends, your community, and your country – let’s help meet our national vaccination goals by July 4th.”

Earlier this month, President Joe Biden set a goal of getting 70% of adults in the United States to get at least one dose of a Covid vaccine by the national holiday. As of Thursday, around 47% of the US population – more than 154 million Americans – had received at least one dose of vaccine, according to the CDC. According to the agency, around 118 million Americans are fully vaccinated.

Walmart executives said in the memo that the retailer “will continue to require unvaccinated customers and members to wear face covers in our stores and clubs.” They said the stores will have updated signs to reflect this new policy. They didn’t say whether or how Walmart will check whether customers are vaccinated or not.

For employees who want to work in a store, distribution center, or other facility without a mask, Walmart will check their status by asking if they have been vaccinated or not. It will be based on the person’s answer of “yes” or “no” in a daily health assessment.

“Integrity is one of our core values, and we trust that employees respect this principle when responding,” the memo reads.

However, in order to receive a vaccine-related bonus, employees must present their original, completed vaccine cards to a store manager or HR manager, according to Walmart. Starting next Tuesday, each person will be entitled to $ 75 “as a thank you for the vaccination.” All U.S. employees below the branch manager level are eligible.

The company is currently evaluating whether certain health and hygienic job codes may still require masks and will be releasing additional guidance shortly. Employees can continue to wear masks as they wish.

Walmart’s policy change is a departure from other major retailers, including Target, Gap, and Ulta Beauty, who have announced plans to maintain pandemic logs. However, Trader Joe’s said customers could shop without a mask if they were fully vaccinated.